著者

中田 美絵

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.115, no.3, pp.322-347, 2006

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The Commission by the Tang court of the translation of the Renwang Sutra and conduction of related Buddhist ceremonies to the eminent monk Bukong (Skt Amoghavajra) in AD 765 during the reign of Emperor Daizong has heretofore been considered in the research as countermeasures taken by the court to deal with such national crises as the rebellion of Pugu Huaien, which occurred that same year. The translation project was carried by Bukong in conjunction with the eunuchs who had seized power after the rebellion of An Lushan in 755 and corresponds to the expansion of eunuch political influence from the inner court to the outer court. Therefore, we need to reconsider the meaning of such Buddhist activities in the context of Tang period political history. The inner court faction, which included the eunuchs, probably first made contact with Bukong before 765, when Empress Zhang and eunuch Li Fuguo began intervening in political affairs on the pretext to their contribution to the enthronement of Emperor Suzong in 756. This was also the time that they became interested in Buddhism and began forming alliances with such persons as Bukong, not out of any personal belief, but rather the need to legitimize their authority over the bureaucracy of the outer court. Later, during the last years of Suzong's reign, the eunuchs ousted the Empress and assumed the role of the official promoters of Buddhism at court. Then the Renwang Sutra translation and related Buddhist ceremonies are conducted under the cooperation of eunuch Yu Chaoen who inherited the authority of Li Fuguo and the monks led by Bukong in 765. Thereafter, in serving as the Gongde shi which conducts nation's Buddhism affairs, the eunuchs maintained connection with the monk's group, and obtained much more influence to politics. That is, the Renwang Sutra translation and the Buddhist ceremonies can be regarded as an decisive moment which gave the eunuchs an opportunity to advance to outer court.

著者

中田 美絵

出版者

日本史研究会

雑誌

日本史研究 (ISSN:03868850)

巻号頁・発行日

no.615, pp.79-102, 2013-11

著者

中田 美絵

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = The Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.3, pp.293-325, 2007-12

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In the aftermath of the An Lüshan 安禄山 rebellion (755-763), Bukong 不空 was able to rise to a position of influence within the Buddhist circles of Chang’an 長安 through the support of the eunuchs, the imperial army they command and Sogdians who had connection with them. A group which played most important role among Sogdians were military commanders stationed in Liangzhou 涼州. Before the rebellion, they were under Hexi Longyou jiedushi 河西・隴右節度使 Geshu Han 哥舒翰’s command. Geshu han invited Bukong to Liangzhou to preside over a ceremony baptizing of the commanders in the name of Buddha; then, after the rebellion broke out, they left Liangzhou, and proceeded to ally themselves with a group of eunuch-led imperial regiments in Chang’an, where they lent support to Bukong’s religious activities.One reason for the alliance lay in the ambitions of the eunuchs to gain the military ascendancy and establish their political influence at the Tang Dynasty court. One part of this effort included the enlistment of accomplished cavalrymen, including Sogdians, in pacifying the rebellion. Meanwhile Bukong ordained several Sogdians and organized them into a Buddhist circle under his tutelage, while maintaining his connections with the eunuch-led imperial army forces One of Bukong’s disciples, Shi Yuancong 史元琮, a commander who was based in Liangzhou, was appointed to the office of gongdeshi 功徳使, which gave him command of both the imperial army and the Buddhist temples. Luo Fumo 羅伏磨, a general in the imperial army from Liangzhou, was also ordained by Bukong, showing that his entourage moved freely between military service and monastic life.In this way, both eunuch-led imperial army forces and Bukong’s circle of monks Came to embrace many members of Sogdian descent The both groups were strongly connected with each other through Sogdian military commanders from Lianzhou. Putting in another way, the eunuchs and the Bukong’s circle of monks constituted a tightly knit organization composed of both groups which formed the springboard which enabled Bukong to soar to a position of great influence in Chang’an Buddhism, and golden age for Buddhism in general during the reign of Emperor Daizong 代宗.

著者

中田 美絵

出版者

関西大学東西学術研究所

雑誌

関西大学東西学術研究所紀要 (ISSN:02878151)

巻号頁・発行日

no.44, pp.153-189, 2011-04

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Central Asians from such areas as Sogdiana, Tokharistan and Kapisi started to move to the East due to the oppression by Islamic power which had gradually approached Eastern countries,and they finally came into the Tang China at the middle of the eighth century. Eunuchs who grasped political initiative in the Tang empire merged these immigrants from the Central Asia as well as non-Han people in Hebei,Hexi and Shuofang into the Imperial Guards which they controlled over in order to strengthen their military influence. In addition, there were non-Han people merged into the Buddhist circle in Chang'an, which had connected with eunuchs and the Imperial Guards. Under these circumstances, the eunuchs, the Imperial Guards and the Buddhism had been the receiver for non-Han people in Chang'an city,since the An Shi Rebellion. The translation of fan-ben 梵 本 Liu Boluomiduo Jing was operated by this group of people. In order to compete Tibet, Buddhist circle endeavored to outfit itself the newest Buddhist principle under the supports from eunuchs and the Imperial Guards. By so doing, it tried to offer the protection over the nation through magical power of the Buddhism in addition to that by the army through physical military force. Moreover, the group of eunuchs and the Imperial Guards had won many Nestorians over to their sides since the An Shi Rebellion. The translation of hu-ben 胡 本 Liu Boluomiduo Jing which had operated before that of fan-ben reflected such religious situations within the group of eunuchs and the Imperial Guards. With Luo Haoxin 羅 好 心 who was the representative of non-Han people in the Imperial Guards acted as the sponsor, they made Jinging 景浄 from Nestorianism and Banruo 般若 work together for the translation. By so doing,they attemped to unify Nestorians and Buddhists under the Buddhism.

著者

森部 豊 山下 将司 岩本 篤志 影山 悦子 福島 恵 中田 美絵

出版者

関西大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2009

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中央アジア出身のソグド人のうち、北朝・隋・唐時代の中国社会で活動した者たちを取り上げ、彼らの政治・軍事・文化史上の活動を、いわゆる正史などの編纂史料のみならず、既出・新出の墓誌銘をはじめとする石刻史料および考古学的発見による文物資料を利用し、検証を加えた。その結果、ソグド人の東方活動には、北朝・隋・唐初における活動の担い手と、それ以降の時期の活動の担い手において、断絶があるのではないかという仮説にいたった。また、ソグド人研究に必要な基本的資料の収集をほぼ終え、別途公開する基礎的作業が完成した。