著者

鍋倉 賢治 徳山 薫平 榎本 靖士 丹治 史弥

出版者

筑波大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

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長距離競走の成否には、エネルギーを供給する能力(最大酸素摂取量:VO2maxなど)だけでなく、エネルギーを節約(省エネルギー)して走る能力が重要となる。本研究では、エネルギーを節約する能力として、走の経済性(RE)と脂質代謝について着目した。REに関して、①高強度におけるREの測定法を確立した。②REとVO2maxを縦断的に追跡し、両者は同時に向上せず、片方が向上するともう一方は低下することを明らかにした。脂質代謝に関して、③運動時の脂質酸化動態は、事前の貯蔵エネルギーの状態、運動プロトコールに影響される。④高強度運動を行なわせることで、その後の運動時の脂質酸化量が増大することを明らかにした。

著者

丹治 史弥 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.583-594, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

38

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Step parameters are associated with running economy (RE), but the relationship between these longitudinal changes remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between changes in step parameters and RE at intensities below and above the lactate threshold (LT) in well-trained middle to long-distance runners and to acquire knowledge applicable to coaching. A total of 29 male university students training in distance running (age, 19.4 ± 1.0 yr; height, 171.3 ± 4.5 cm; body weight, 57.1 ± 3.6 kg) participated in the study. Participants performed multistage incremental treadmill tests to measure step parameters (ground contact time: CT; step length: SL; step frequency: SF; leg stiffness: kleg) and RE before and after 4 months of training. Since the LT speed of participants was 16.6 ± 1.1 km・h−1, intensities below, near, and above the LT were set at 13.8 and 15.0 km・h−1, 16.2 km・h−1, and 17.4 and 18.6 km・h−1, respectively. No significant relationships were observed between changes in RE and any of the step parameters at intensities below and near the LT. Moreover, although no significant relationship was noted between changes in RE and both SL and SF, there was a significant positive and negative relationship between changes in RE and CT and kleg, respectively, at intensities above the LT. Changes in kleg showed a strong negative correlation with CT changes at each intensity. It can be concluded from these findings that shortening the CT improves the RE for high-intensity running and that this variation is partly attributable to the improvement in kleg.

著者

丹治 史弥 栗原 俊 西出 仁明 両角 速 山田 洋 宮崎 誠司

出版者

ランニング学会

雑誌

ランニング学研究 (ISSN:09194312)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1.2, pp.1-12, 2023-03-31 (Released:2023-06-09)

参考文献数

31

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The choice of running shoes contributes to the running economy(RE), which is one of the important capacities for distance running performance. Recently, the development of running shoes with high compliance and resilience midsoles and integrated carbon-fiber plates has led to improvements in long-distance running performance. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical variables when wearing carbon-fiber plate running shoes(Nike ZoomX Vaporfly Next%: VN)and conventional running shoes (Nike Zoom Streak 7: ST7)and investigate the factors contributing to the improvement in RE. 10 long-distance runners evaluated the RE, lower limb joint angle, vertical ground reaction force, ground contact time, step frequency, and surface electromyogram with wearing two running shoes(VN and ST7). Notable results were that 1)the VN was a 5.7% on average better RE than the ST7, 2)the ankle joint was more in a plantar flexion position throughout the support phase in the VN than the ST7. Other biomechanical variables were not significantly different between the running shoes. In addition, the most RE improvement(17.2%)runner with the VN compared to the ST7 showed > 1SD difference in dorsi-flexion of the ankle joint, flexion of the hip joint, and an internal rotation of the ankle joint compared to an average of the ten runner’s lower limb joint angle at the support phase. On the other hand, one runner decreased RE(4.3 %)when wearing the VN compared to the ST7. This runner showed > 1SD difference in an internal rotation of the knee joint throughout the support phase compared to an average of the ten runner's lower limb joint angle. These results suggest that the VN provide superior energy returns, which contributes to the improvement of RE, but not all runners can benefit from the improvement of RE by wearing the VN.

著者

丹治 史弥 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.79-88, 2018-10-20 (Released:2019-09-02)

参考文献数

27

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We aim to clarify relationships between longitudinal changes in aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism capacities and training in well-trained 800-m runners, and to identify strategies for effective 800-m training. Eight male middle-distance runners (800-m seasonal best time, 1′53″7±1″6) participated. Their 800-m running performances were set the best competition time in April-June and July-November, and calculated average running velocity. Three running tests on a treadmill were conducted to determine aerobic (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max], lactate threshold [LT] and running economy [RE]) and anaerobic (maximal accumulated oxygen deficit [MAOD] and maximal blood lactate accumulation [LAmax]) energy metabolism capacities in July and November. Δ (%) represents changes in 800-m running performance and aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism capacities. Training during this period was used to evaluate length of training time, and training ratio by three intensities; below the LT (zone 1), at or above the LT and below the VO2 max (zone 2) and at or above the VO2max (zone 3). Δ800-m running performance showed a positive tendency relationship with ΔRE and ΔLAmax ( r=0.67 and 0.70, respectively), and a negative tendency relationship with zone 1 training ratio (r=-0.70). Further, ΔRE and ΔLAmax were negatively associated with zone 1 training ratio (r=-0.90 and -0.79, respectively), and positive associated with zone 3 training ratio (r=0.79 and 0.75, respectively). Thus, improved RE and/or LAmax may improve 800-m running performance, and increasing high-intensity (>VO2max) training during a competitive period can improve these energy metabolism capacities.

著者

丹治 史弥 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17116, (Released:2018-07-12)

参考文献数

38

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Step parameters are associated with running economy (RE), but the relationship between these longitudinal changes remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between changes in step parameters and RE at intensities below and above the lactate threshold (LT) in well-trained middle to long-distance runners and to acquire knowledge applicable to coaching. A total of 29 male university students training in distance running (age, 19.4 ± 1.0 yr; height, 171.3 ± 4.5 cm; body weight, 57.1 ± 3.6 kg) participated in the study. Participants performed multistage incremental treadmill tests to measure step parameters (ground contact time: CT; step length: SL; step frequency: SF; leg stiffness: kleg) and RE before and after 4 months of training. Since the LT speed of participants was 16.6 ± 1.1 km・h−1, intensities below, near, and above the LT were set at 13.8 and 15.0 km・h−1, 16.2 km・h−1, and 17.4 and 18.6 km・h−1, respectively. No significant relationships were observed between changes in RE and any of the step parameters at intensities below and near the LT. Moreover, although no significant relationship was noted between changes in RE and both SL and SF, there was a significant positive and negative relationship between changes in RE and CT and kleg, respectively, at intensities above the LT. Changes in kleg showed a strong negative correlation with CT changes at each intensity. It can be concluded from these findings that shortening the CT improves the RE for high-intensity running and that this variation is partly attributable to the improvement in kleg.

著者

嶋津 航 髙山 史徳 丹治 史弥 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18089, (Released:2019-05-15)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

2

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Heart rate (HR) monitoring, which reflects exercise intensity and environmental factors, is often used for pacing strategies in the marathon race. However, it is difficult to obtain appropriate feedback for only the HR value since cardiovascular drift (CV drift) occurs during prolonged exercise. Recently, cardiac cost (CC: HR divided by running velocity) has been shown to be a potential index for evaluation of CV drift during the marathon race. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between CV drift and performance in the marathon race. Fourteen male university student runners participated. They carried out incremental tests on a treadmill and took part in an actual marathon race. CV drift was evaluated from differences between CC in the 0-5-km section and over every 5-km section (ΔCC). The marathon performance was examined from two viewpoints: absolute performance (average running velocity during the race: Vmar), and relative performance (Vmar against velocity corresponding to ventilatory threshold: vVT achv.). Significant correlations were found between ΔCC and vVT achv. in the 25-30 km, 30-35 km and 35-40 km sections (r = −0.672, −0.671 and −0.661, respectively), suggesting that excessive CV drift had a negative impact on relative performance. We can therefore conclude that suppression of CV drift after 25 km is an important factor for improvement of relative performance.

著者

丹治 史弥 榎本 靖士 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.523-534, 2017 (Released:2017-12-19)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2

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This study investigated the relationships between running economy and various step parameters (ground contact time, step length and step frequency), as well as the effects of these relationships on differences in foot strike pattern at intensities ranging from below to above the lactate threshold in well-trained distance runners. Thirty-one male distance runners (20 middle-distance and 11 long-distance; age 19.5±1.2 years, height 171.7±4.5 cm, mass 57.6±3.5 kg, BMI 19.5±0.7) participated. Their seasonal best performance was 804.0±121.0 points, expressed as the IAAF score. Both running economy and step parameters were calculated for speeds of 15.0, 16.2 and 17.4 km·h−1, which corresponded to intensities below, equivalent to and above the lactate threshold, i.e. 93.2%±6.4%, 100.6%±6.9% and 108.1%±7.4%, respectively. As running speed increased, running economy, step length and step frequency increased, whereas the ground contact time decreased. A significant positive relationship was observed between ground contact time and running economy at an intensity above the lactate threshold (r=0.46, p<0.01). A significant positive relationship was observed between step length and running economy (r=0.54 and 0.52, p<0.01), and a negative relationship was observed between step frequency and running economy (r=−0.55 and −0.53, p<0.01) at intensities equivalent to and above the lactate threshold, respectively. Middle-foot strikers exhibited a shorter ground contact time than rear-foot strikers at intensities equivalent to and above the lactate threshold, whereas running economy exhibited no significant difference in terms of foot strike pattern. From the present results, it can be concluded that a shorter ground contact time enhances running economy; however, running economy is not related to the foot strike pattern at an intensity of 90%—110% of the lactate threshold.

著者

丹治 史弥

出版者

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)

巻号頁・発行日

2017

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この博士論文は内容の要約のみの公開(または一部非公開)になっています

著者

丹治 史弥 榎本 靖士 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17013, (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

33

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This study investigated the relationships between running economy and various step parameters (ground contact time, step length and step frequency), as well as the effects of these relationships on differences in foot strike pattern at intensities ranging from below to above the lactate threshold in well-trained distance runners. Thirty-one male distance runners (20 middle-distance and 11 long-distance; age 19.5±1.2 years, height 171.7±4.5 cm, mass 57.6±3.5 kg, BMI 19.5±0.7) participated. Their seasonal best performance was 804.0±121.0 points, expressed as the IAAF score. Both running economy and step parameters were calculated for speeds of 15.0, 16.2 and 17.4 km·h−1, which corresponded to intensities below, equivalent to and above the lactate threshold, i.e. 93.2%±6.4%, 100.6%±6.9% and 108.1%±7.4%, respectively. As running speed increased, running economy, step length and step frequency increased, whereas the ground contact time decreased. A significant positive relationship was observed between ground contact time and running economy at an intensity above the lactate threshold (r=0.46; p<0.01). A significant positive relationship was observed between step length and running economy (r=0.54 and 0.52; p<0.01), and a negative relationship was observed between step frequency and running economy (r=−0.55 and −0.53; p<0.01) at intensities equivalent to and above the lactate threshold, respectively. Rear-foot strikers exhibited a shorter ground contact time than middle-foot strikers at intensities equivalent to and above the lactate threshold, whereas running economy exhibited no significant difference in terms of foot strike pattern. From the present results, it can be concluded that a shorter ground contact time enhances running economy; however, running economy is not related to the foot strike pattern at an intensity of 90%—110% of the lactate threshold.

著者

鍋倉 賢治 榎本 靖士 門野 洋介 品田 貴恵子 白井 祐介 丹治 史弥 小林 優史

出版者

筑波大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2011-04-28

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長距離走は、有酸素性能力(最大酸素摂取量、乳酸性代謝閾値、走の経済性の3要因)によってパフォーマンスの大部分を説明できると言われている。本研究では、レース中の生理応答、縦断的な体力測定などから中・長距離走のパフォーマンスと体力特性について検討した。中距離走の場合、有酸素性能力だけでなく無酸素性能力の貢献も大きく、また、体力特性に応じたレース戦略が重要であることが明らかとなった。一方、優れた長距離ランナーでは、3要因の中でも走の経済性の貢献が特に大きいこと、そして脂質をエネルギーに利用する能力が優れていることが明らかとなった。