著者

中野 瞳 中野 大輝 苅山 靖

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.51-62, 2021-10-20 (Released:2021-12-28)

参考文献数

28

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It is generally recognized that weight gain leads to performance decrement in female long jumpers. However, the problem in weight control, the relationship between weight and performance, and the factors affecting weight change remains unclear. To reveal these problems and obtain the useful knowledge for coaching on weight control of female long jumpers, 24 female long jumpers were participated in a questionnaire survey. As a result, it was revealed that massive weight gain or loss can decrease the performance. However, the relationship between weight and performance varied from athlete to athlete. We also found that the factors affecting weight change were variety (stress, season, illness and so on) and hierarchically, and the effects of coaching on weight control differ to not only the contents but also the relationship with athletes. In conclusion, this study revealed that weight gain doesn't always lead to performance decrement and weight control should conduct adequately with consideration for the individuality.

著者

戸邉 直人 林 陵平 苅山 靖 木越 清信 尾縣 貢

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.239-251, 2018-03-20 (Released:2019-09-02)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

7

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This study aimed to present the practical knowledge and investigate effective techniques to improve performance in the high jump. The subject was a male Japanese top class high jumper whose personal record was 2 m31. Progress in high jump performance was shown by an increase from 2 m22 in 2012 to 2 m31 in 2014, and kinematics data were collected at competitions to assess the factors involved in achieving best record. The results were as follows. 1. The subject focused on high jump technique training during periods between competitions, and on improvement in strength training at without competition periods. Considering effects of training, this training protocol was logical. 2. The subject changed from single-arm action at takeoff to double-arm action and improved its techniques during this study. This change improved high jump performance by increasing force on takeoff. 3. The results of this study suggested different from general theory which is provided by previous study. It means that there is possibility to discover new theory by investigating individual case.     These results suggest the hints to improve high jump performance and indicating the importance of individual longitudinal investigation.

著者

波戸 謙太 金堀 哲也 谷川 聡 梶田 和宏 奈良 隆章 川村 卓

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.1-17, 2021-10-20 (Released:2021-12-28)

参考文献数

32

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This study delineates the common characteristics of pitching motion in professional baseball pitchers by focusing on their lower limbs. Further, to gain an insight into the development of athletic capacity, the pitching motion of the Top group was compared with the Minor group, resulting in the clarification of lower limb issues in the Minor group. Data analysis was performed using a test with the highest score in a 5-point objective evaluation by the observer and the highest ball speed in the tracking data obtained from Trackman, with the following results: (1) The common characteristics in a professional baseball pitcher was that the hip joint was flexed while the stride leg knee joint angle was fixed to MBV (Minimum Ball Velocity), MER (Maximal Shoulder External Rotation), and the stride leg hip joint and knee joint were slightly extended to MER, REL (Ball Release). (2) Regarding the difference between the Top and Minor groups, it is suggested that the Top group accelerates the rotational speed of the lower torso to SFC (Stride Foot Contacts Ground), which increases the angular velocity of adduction of the hip joint of the stride leg, resulting in torsion of the trunk and stable force transmission after MBV. (3) In the Top group after SFC, the angular displacement and angular velocity was such that the hip joints of both legs were fixed. Additionally, the stride leg hip joint was in adduction, which caused the motion to increase the rotation of the lower and upper torsos. Authors suggest considering these key points while coaching baseball.

著者

白木 駿佑 木越 清信

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.253-264, 2019-03-20 (Released:2019-09-02)

参考文献数

15

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This is the case study that the race pattern of a 400-m sprint was improved by “Affirmation”. The affirmation is a method of accomplishing goal and used in the world for business, education and so on. The purpose of this study was to obtain practical wisdom when using the affirmation to sports. A male sprinter had been having the problem of the 400-m race pattern and tried to solve it by the affirmation. Then, while correcting the affirmation sheet each time the race was done, the problem was solved four months from beginning to use the affirmation. He could not realize the image of the race pattern in the first half of the practical process. But in the second half of the practical process, he changed the contents of affirmation sheet greatly, realized the target model of race pattern which is the moderate deceleration type one month later. Besides, he had read the short affirmation sheet every day during this practice process. From this process, it was suggested that it is difficult to make the high-quality affirmation sheet in a short period from using it for the first time, and that it is necessary to use the short sentence involved realistic and clear image for continuous implementation of affirmation.

著者

松尾 博一 松元 剛

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.285-294, 2022-03-20 (Released:2022-05-09)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the issues that Japanese American football players need to overcome in trying to sign a contract with an NFL team through interviews. The subjects were four Japanese American football players who had participated in the training camp of an NFL team in the past. Interviews were conducted in person. The content of the interviews was recorded with the subjects' permission, and the recorded audio was transcribed. The content related to each issue was coded and classified. As a result, three main issues were identified: issues related to competition, issues outside of competition, and issues related to the athletic experience in the United States. When Japanese players aspire to play in the NFL, they must deal with the athletic challenges they face at each football position and overcome the non-athletic challenges they face by learning the language and receiving support from various people. In addition, they need to adapt to the competitive environment in the United States by gaining football playing experience as soon as possible.

著者

河合 季信 渡部 厚一 本間 三和子 尾縣 貢 山口 香

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.259-269, 2022-03-20 (Released:2022-05-09)

参考文献数

24

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In recent years, several “no fault or negligence” anti-doping rule violations (ADRVs) have occurred in Japan. The World Anti-Doping Code stipulates that the burden of proof is on the athlete to prove that the result of a positive sample was not “intentional” and that the athlete was “no fault or negligence”. In this study, a web-based survey was conducted to find out what criteria top-level coaches and support staff in Japan use to determine whether a violation is “unintended” and what preparations they make in case a “unintended” ADRV occurs on the “risk and crisis management” point of view. 56 top-level coaches and support staff from 23 sports and 1 NOC support staff responded. The questions covered the level of interest in and understanding of anti-doping activities, the borderline between negligence and “no negligence” in ADRVs, the actions being taken for “unintended” ADRVs, and the preparations being made after a “unintended”ADRV has occurred. The results of the web survey showed that there was a statistically significant difference (5% level) in the determination of whether or not a violation was “unintended” depending on whether or not the prohibited substance was labeled on the package and whether or not the athlete was confirmed it for pharmaceutical products. For dietary supplements, the borderline was whether or not the product had gone through a certification program, which also showed a statistically significant difference (5% level). In terms of coping strategies for “unintended” ADRVs, respondents understood the risks by learning about past violations. However, it has been shown that there is little actions of themselves or guidance to athletes about recording evidence used to track “routes of entry” in case of positive sample. This suggests the need to develop educational programs on “risk and crisis management”.

著者

及川 研 栗山 英樹 佐藤 精一

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.119-128, 2011-03-20 (Released:2019-09-02)

参考文献数

18

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of “sacrifice bunt” in baseball, executed when a runner is on first base with no outs. The offensive strategies studied are, “sacrifice bunt”, “base stealing”, “hit-and-run”, “hitting”, and “hitting after first attempting to bunt”. We recorded 846 official games of Japanese Professional Baseball in 2006, and selected 3994 cases to categorize the strategies and the results. The results are as follows:     (1) Following the bunts, the runner on first moved up to second base 81.6% of the time, but the base runner advanced only 40.7% after hitting.     (2) However, following the bunts,the runner on first reached home plate 37.6% of the time. This probability is almost the same as the one after hitting.     (3) The expected number of runs in one inning for each strategy was: 0.73 for bunting, 0.86 for hitting, and 0.95 for the “hit-and-run”.     There are possibilities that the effectiveness of five strategies are not the same as the result of (1) to (3), not in case of a league format and higher skill level. In this study, we didn’t discuss about each case with various situations, but examined many cases (3994) comprehensively. Based on our results we can see that it isn’t advisable to choose the “sacrifice bunt” in this situation. It seems that a more effective strategy for scoring runs is either hitting or executing the “hit-and-run”.

著者

梶田 和宏 川村 卓 島田 一志 金堀 哲也 八木 快

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.171-187, 2019-03-20 (Released:2019-09-02)

参考文献数

55

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This study clarifies the features of throwing motion to second base of professional baseball catchers.Eleven catchers of two Nippon Professional Baseball Organization teams were participants. Using the highest confidence data among analytical trials for throwing time, we defined it as ‘the time required from catching until ball arriving at second base with shortest time’. Following five characteristic features were revealed. 1) In time parameter, professional catchers have a difference in motion time (the time required from catching to release in amateur catchers), especially during the beginning phase having a relation with duration time (arrival time from the ball release to the second base), the throwing phase having a relation with the throwing time and release speed (speed average of ball speed of 3 frames after releasing the ball), and the grip changing phase having a relation with motion time. 2) Further, professional catchers have a tradeoff relationship between the motion time and the duration time as well as amateur catchers; and, particularly good professional catchers can shorten the duration time even while shortening motion time leading to shortening of the throwing time. 3) In stride parameter, professional catchers have a difference in the length of the pivot foot in amateur catchers, especially, the X component has a relation with the motion time while the Y component has a relation with the duration time, and the stride length is likewise; there was no relationship between all the items. 4) In release parameter, professional catchers maintain a higher projection height of the ball than amateur catchers and maintain the tendency of the projection angle to be lower, improving the throwing accuracy, especially the elevation angle is related to the duration time and the release speed, but the azimuth angle is likewise; there was no relationship between all the items. 5) In center of gravity of the body, professional catchers have a relation with the movement speed of the center of gravity of the body and the release speed as well as amateur catchers, but the moving distance of center of gravity of the body is likewise; there was no relationship between all the items.

著者

吉田 和人 山田 耕司 玉城 将 内藤 久士 加賀 勝

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.65-74, 2014-11-20 (Released:2019-09-02)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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A notational analysis of 12,428 rallies in 149 singles matches at the London Olympic Games was conducted to clarify the characteristics of world-class rallies in table tennis. The number of shots played per rally, which was the sum of a correct service and correct returns, was measured. And the winning ratios of server and receiver were determined by the number of shots played per rally (Odd numbers indicate the server won the point, even numbers indicate the receiver won the point). The playing styles of the players were classified into all-round types and defensive types (chopper type), and the types of matches were classified into 3 by the combination of playing styles as: all-rounder vs. all-rounder (AA type), all-rounder vs. defensive (AD type) and defensive vs. defensive (DD type). The numbers of shots and the two ratios, and relations to both gender and type of match were considered. The DD type was excluded from this analysis because there were too few measured data. As a result, the mode of the number of shots for men and women was 3 each. The maximums for men and women were 38 and 60, respectively. The minimum for men and women were 0 each. The mean number of shots for women was significantly larger than that for men for AD type (p<0.01), and that for AD type was significantly larger than that for AA type for both men (p<0.01) and women (p<0.001). The mean winning ratios for servers for both men and women for AA type and AD type were all at the same level at about 55%, which were significantly higher than those for receivers of about 45% (p<0.01). Additionally, the evaluation criteria for the mean number of shots in a match, and those for the winning ratios of a server and a receiver were proposed. It was suggested that these results could be valuable for table tennis coaching.

著者

荒木 秀夫

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.139-144, 2009-03-31 (Released:2021-08-13)

著者

沼田 薫樹 濱田 幸二 坂中 美郷

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.295-302, 2022-03-20 (Released:2022-05-09)

参考文献数

20

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The purpose of this study was to overview how the local university women's volleyball team was affected by the global outbreak of the COVID-19 infection and how they responded to it, and to clarify the process of winning the intercollegiate tournament.     A single-case design adopted as the method, and game performance items were collected. The tau-u test was used for statistical processing, and the significance level was set at less than 5%.     The results showed that the number of service ace (Tau-u=0.64, p=0.05) and reception return rate (AB) (Tau-u =0.82, p=0.011) increased in the university.     The university had been practicing with the intention of scoring and breaking down by serving. The university improved because they aimed to strengthen the serve and receive, which can be practiced with limited time and fewer people.     Furthermore, the university showed an increase in the number of attack points (Tau-u=0.69, p=0.03), the total number of back attacks (Tau-u=1.00, p=0.00), and the number of back attack points (Tau-u=1.00, p=0.00), increased in the match phase compared to the baseline phase. The university realized on the first day of the reinforcement match (October 3) that using the back attack was effective, and implemented it the next day. This suggests that the number of back attack decisions and spike decisions increased by increasing the number of attackers and increasing the uncertainty of the opponent's defense.

著者

前田 奎 大山卞 圭悟 尾縣 貢

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.137-148, 2021

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<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This study reports a coaching case of a male athlete (abbreviated to "athlete A" after this) who had a problem that left foot lands on the "under-rotation" position during second-turn phase in the discus throw. Since athlete A is the author, this study shows processes and reflections of self-coaching. First, one of the factors which caused "underrotation" was that athlete A was too self-conscious about quick touchdown of left foot during second-turn phase. Then, "turn drill without landing left foot" and "half-turn throw" were adopted as technical training to resolve "under-rotation". Although the number of trials which left foot lands on the "under-rotation" position reduced to a certain degree after both training, the problem had not been resolved completely. However, coaching processes showed in this study can contribute accumulation of a case study to construct general theory about resolving "under-rotation" in the discus throw.</p>

著者

田内 健二 南形 和明 川村 卓 高松 薫

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.1-9, 2005-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

著者

尾関 一将 水藤 弘吏

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.53-57, 2023-10-20 (Released:2023-11-01)

参考文献数

10

著者

永野 翔大 ネメシュ ローランド 藤本 元 會田 宏

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.109-123, 2017-03-20 (Released:2019-09-02)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

5

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The purpose of this study was to obtain useful knowledge for constructing new Japanese Long-Term Athlete Development Program by a text mining analysis. Subjects were comprised of four countries, Germany, Hungary and Denmark as world top class, plus Japan. The main results were as follows: 1) Germany: Based on their physical advantage, Germany aimed to improve predictive ability by nurturing their decision making in the speed. So that they could acquire the ability to take an initiative in a game. 2) Hungary: Hungry aimed to encourage their physical strength as most important concept to improve team tactics which focuses on group combinations. 3) Denmark: Denmark aimed to improve predictive ability through trainings in numerically unequal situation at early stage. 4) Japan: Japan set the categories in broad age ranges and aimed to bring up from sensory play to intentionally play to reach worldʼs top level.     When creating new Japanese Long-Term Athlete Development Program, these results suggest that necessities of drafting instruction contents and instruction plan which can achieve “Japanese Total Mobility”.

著者

牛来 千穂子 水落 文夫 内山 治樹

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.177-188, 2023-03-20 (Released:2023-03-31)

参考文献数

40

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This study aimed to develop a “questionnaire for shared mental models of a basketball team”, based on the classification of shared mental models by Cannon-Bowers et al. (1993), and examine its reliability and validity. We conducted a questionnaire survey with 453 players from university basketball clubs in Japan. Based on an exploratory factor analysis, four factors and 16 items were extracted. The four factors corresponded to the classification of the shared mental models. The following results were obtained regarding the reliability and validity of the “questionnaire for shared mental models of a basketball team”: 1) Its reliability was confirmed via sufficient internal consistency, temporal stability of Cronbach's alpha, and retest reliability coefficients. 2) A significant correlation was found between the developed scale and factors of an existing scale. The average score of each factor of the team with a high competition level was significantly high. Therefore, the scale's criterion-related validity was supported. 3) As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness-of-fit of the model was recognized. Additionally, the validity of the construct of the developed scale was supported. Thus, the “questionnaire for shared mental models of a basketball team” had high reliability and validity. Furthermore, it appropriately evaluated shared mental models in basketball. In conclusion, we developed a new simple scale that conformed to the classification of shared mental models by Cannon-Bowers et al. (1993) and could be used in the field of competition. The results of this study provide a new perspective on team building in basketball.

著者

箕輪 憲吾 吉田 敏明

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.17-24, 1996-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

17

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The rule was revised in 1994, and the serving zone was enlarged and two consecutive contacts was allowed in the first contact. Samples were taken from 190 sets played in the 1995 spring Kyushu league of intercollegiate women's volleyball and analyzed to clarify the influence of the rule revision on service and serve-reception.    Main findings were as follows:    1) We divided the 9 meter new serving zone into three 3 meter segments to compare in this study. No considerable difference was found among the three segments in the statistics on the direction of service and the evaluation of results. Service from the previous serving zone accounted for more than half (52.42%) of the whole services.    2) Directions of services which were instrumental in winning/losing the set differed among the three serving zone segments. It was inferred that the direction of service is very important in the game under the newly revised rules.    3) The overhand serve-receptions accounted for very small part (1.46%) of the whole serve-receptions.    4) No considerable difference was found in the evaluation of underhand serve-reception and overhand serve-reception. Almost no influence of the newly revised rules on serve-reception was observed.

著者

梅﨑 さゆり 吉田 雅行 森 祐貴 来田 宣幸

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.125-137, 2021-03-20 (Released:2021-05-27)

参考文献数

33

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The purpose of this study was to clarify visual search behavior and decision time in continuous decision tasks of the toss direction and spike course in volleyball. Volleyball players, ball game players, and non-ball game players (10 in each group) wearing eye-movement trackers watched video images of combination attacks from three directions and made decision about whether the toss direction was left or right and the spike course was straight or cross. The results revealed the following:     1) In comparison to ball game and non-ball game players, volleyball players had a faster decision time for toss direction and the spike course. Furthermore, volleyball players made excellent decision-making even in situations involving continuous decisions.     2) Volleyball players have quiet eye characteristics. In other words, they gaze for long periods at the body, including the face, and torso of players, including setters and spikers who pass the ball.     3) It was revealed that after deciding the toss direction, volleyball players quickly glance at the spiker before the spiker steps in with both his feet and decide the spike course from the opponentʼs upper-body turn or arm swing.

著者

図子 浩二

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.137-149, 2017-03-30 (Released:2019-09-02)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

著者

八板 昭仁 青柳 領 倉石 平 野寺 和彦

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.189-199, 2022-03-20 (Released:2022-05-09)

参考文献数

43

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The purpose of this study was to develop a knowledge test for in-game situational awareness to evaluate the presence or absence of knowledge about fast-break situations in basketball. Because the amount of knowledge, which is the basis for making decisions, reportedly affects the superiority of decision-making ability in ball games, the presence or absence of basic knowledge for athletic performance is thought be related to in-game decision-making ability. First, we developed a 44-scene, 88-question original test that included plays on the backcourt and frontcourt for three typical fast-break offensive situations. Seven coaches who had participated in the all Japan intercollegiate championships and 190 college basketball players classified into national championship and local tournament groups completed the original test. As a result, 33 scenes and 45 questions were selected that satisfied the criteria of reliability, internal consistency, and criterion validity. A cross-validity evaluation of this 33-scene, 45-question test conducted by 60 different college basketball players found a significant difference between the national championship group and the local tournament group, thereby validating the test's applicability. This test, which evaluates the presence or absence of knowledge about decision-making for tactical actions in basketball games, could be used to determine the acquisition of necessary knowledge for appropriate decision-making in fast-break situations in basketball games.