著者

和田 実

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.171-182, 2019

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<p>This study examined infidelity in heterosexual romantic relationships and its effects of gender, attitudes toward infidelity and romantic relationships, and the desire to have an affair. Participants were heterosexual 77 males and 98 females. They were presented with 25 behaviors which were exchanged between males and females and answered their own permissible level of their partners' behaviors and the estimate of their partner's permissible level of their own behaviors in their romantic relationhips. Cluster analysis revealed six clusters: "sexual behaviors", "pleasure behaviors", "companionship and intimate disclosure", "mutual supportive behaviors", "eating and drinking, and giving a present", and "companionate chat". Males' permissible level was higher in sexual behaviors and lower in companionate chat than females'. Their partner's permissible level were higher in sexual behaviors, companionship and intimate disclosure, and mutual supportive behaviors than their own permissible level. Companionate chat was highest and sexual behavior was lowest in both permissible levels. The more permissive attitudes toward infidelity, the stronger desire to have an affair, the less romanticism, and the less romantic power they have, the higher both permissible levels were. The effects on infidelity are discussed.</p>

著者

和田 実 山口 雅敏

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.125-136, 1999-12-20 (Released:2016-12-15)

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this paper was to reveal the relationships between social exchanges and the quality of a romantic relationship from various social exchange perspectives, analyzing the couple as a unit. Subjects were 92 couples. Major findings were as follows: 1. Perceptions of equity and equality within the romantic dyad weren't related. On the other hand, the values of maximizing own outcome model, maximizing other's outcome model, maximizing joint outcome model, and investment model were positively related. 2. The lesser the discrepancy between the couple's self-outcome and that of equity model were, the greater the couple's satisfaction was. The lesser the discrepancy between the couples' investment model was, the greater the couple's commitment was.

著者

和田 実

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.9-19, 1996-08-15 (Released:2016-12-06)

被引用文献数

6

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the adolescents' attitudes toward gay men and lesbians and to examine the effects of sex and gender-role identity on them. Subjects were 312 (124 male and 188 female) undergraduates. Sixty-three males and 95 females rated the attitudes toward gay men. Sixty-one males and 93 females rated the attitudes toward lesbians. Major findings were as follows: 1. From factor analysis, three factors were extracted: social acceptance, psychological distance, and positive images. 2. As compared with females, males scored lower on social acceptance, higher on psychological distance, and lower on positive images. Especially, males avoided gay men more psychologically than lesbians. 3. Males in high masculinity (HM) accepted gay men less and avoided them more psychologically than males in low masculinity (LM). 4. Females in LM accepted gay men and lesbians less and avoided them more psychologically than females in HM. Females in high femininity (HF) accepted gay men and lesbians less and avoided them more psychologically than females in low femininity (LF). Females in HM imaged gay men and lesbians more positively than females in LM. These findings were discussed in terms of the sex differences of socialization (gender role expectation) and same-sex friendship.

著者

中村五六, 和田実 著

出版者

フレーベル会

巻号頁・発行日

1908

著者

和田 実

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.67-75, 1993-03-10 (Released:2016-12-01)

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to confirm the results on sex differences of same-sex friendship (SSF) and to examine the effects of sex-role type on SSF through emotional self-disclosure and the hope of SSF. Emotional self-disclosure consisted of 9 states of the emotion (as a result of factor analysis, 7 emotions), and the hopes of SSF consisted of 10 contents. Subjects were 246 (92 male and 154 female) undergraduates. Major findings were as follows: 1. Female self-disclosed the causes of the emotion more than male when they were in the state of fear and shame, depression and anxiety, happiness, and calmness. 2. Male hoped companionship of SSF and female hoped interdependence and self-disclosure. 3. Male in high femininity (HF) revealed more self- disclosure than male in low femininity (LF) except in the state of calmness. Male in high masuculinity (HM) hoped more companionship of SSF than male in low masuculinity (LM). 4. Female in HF revealed more self-disclosure than female in LF in the state of depression and anxiety, calmness, and anger. Female in HM revealed less self-disclosure than female in LM in the state of fear and shame, and depression and anxiety. Female in HM hoped more admiration, less cooperation, less self-disclosure, and less companionship than female in LM. Female in HF hoped more cooperation, more sensitivity, more self-disclosure, less information, and less authenticity than female in LF. These findings were discussed in terms of the sex differences of socialization (sex role expectation).

著者

和田 実 石川 泰地

出版者

名城大学人文研究会

雑誌

名城大学人文紀要 (ISSN:02878224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.1-13, 2015-09

著者

和田 実

出版者

日本学術会議協力学術研究団体 交通史学会

雑誌

交通史研究 (ISSN:09137300)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.81-83, 2008

著者

和田 実

出版者

日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.386-393, 1992-12-30

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of perceived social supports by friends and parents on psychological well-being in a life transition. In addition, the levels of ideal as well as present social supports are examined, and it is investigated whether the more social supports they have than they wish, the more effects they have on psychological well-being. Subjects are 165 freshmen (48 males and 117 females). Whether they had a life transition or not are based on their states of residence, i.e. living with parents or alone after getting into a university. Major findings are as follows : (1) Both social supports have an effect on psychological well-being, especially loneliness. That is, those having more social supports feel less lonely than thoes with less support. (2) The level of loneliness is determined by friends' social support, mostly emotional support. (3) The more social supports they have than they disire, the less lonely they feel and the more satisfied with their university life they are.

著者

和田 実 山口 雅敏

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.125-136, 1999

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The purpose of this paper was to reveal the relationships between social exchanges and the quality of a romantic relationship from various social exchange perspectives, analyzing the couple as a unit. Subjects were 92 couples. Major findings were as follows: 1. Perceptions of equity and equality within the romantic dyad weren't related. On the other hand, the values of maximizing own outcome model, maximizing other's outcome model, maximizing joint outcome model, and investment model were positively related. 2. The lesser the discrepancy between the couple's self-outcome and that of equity model were, the greater the couple's satisfaction was. The lesser the discrepancy between the couples' investment model was, the greater the couple's commitment was.

著者

和田 実

出版者

The Japanese Group Dynamics Association

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.38-49, 2000

被引用文献数

2

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本研究は, 大学生が恋愛関係崩壊に際してどのような対処行動をとり, 崩壊時にどのような感情を抱くのか, さらに崩壊後にどのような行動的反応をとるのかを性差と崩壊時の恋愛関係進展度の観点から調べた。被験者は大学生239 (男性116, 女性123) 名であった。いずれも, 異性としばらく付き合った後に, その関係が崩壊した経験のある者のみである。恋愛関係崩壊への対処行動として"説得・話し合い", "消極的受容", および"回避・逃避", 崩壊時の感情として"苦悩", 崩壊後の行動的反応として"後悔・悲痛"と"未練"が見いだされた。恋愛関係が進展していた者ほど, 崩壊時に説得・話し合い行動がより多くとられ, 崩壊時の苦悩が強く, 崩壊後の後悔・悲痛行動と未練行動が多かった。女性は, 関係が進展していた者ほど回避・逃避行動をとらなかった。関係進展度に関わらず, 男性は女性よりも消極的受容行動を多くとった。さらに, もっとも進展した関係が崩壊した場合のみで, 男性よりも女性の方が多くの説得・話し合い行動をとる一方, 回避・逃避行動をあまりとらなかった。

著者

和田 実

出版者

The Japanese Group Dynamics Association

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.49-59, 1991

被引用文献数

12 3

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本研究の目的は, 対人的有能性の下位概念としてのノンバーバルスキルおよびソーシャルスキルを測る尺度を作成することである。データは大学生 (男子68名, 女子174名) から収集された。因子分析の結果, ノンバーバルスキルについては二つの因子-非表出性および統制, 感受性-, ソーシャルスキルについては三つの因子-関係維持, 関係開始, 自己主張-が抽出された。そして, 既成の類似した尺度 (ACT, SM) およびいくつかの社会的変数 (きょうだい数, 親友数, 孤独感およびその変化, 恋人の有無など) との関連から, この尺度が妥当であることが確かめられた。なお, 具体的には以下の結果が見いだされている。: (1) ノンバーバル感受性, ソーシャルスキルの関係維持は男性よりも女性の方が優れている。(2) ソーシャルスキルの関係維持に優れない者ほど, 孤独を感じている。(3) 恋人がいる者の方がいない者よりも, ノンバーバル感受性を除いたすべてのスキルで優れる。(4) 全体でみれば, 孤独感が減少した者の方がソーシャルスキルの関係維持, 自己主張に優れる。今後は, 特にノンバーバルスキル尺度の項目内容のさらなる検討が必要であろう。

著者

和田 実 若林 満

出版者

経営行動科学学会

雑誌

経営行動科学 (ISSN:09145206)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.71-80, 1991

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of verbal and nonverbal behaviors on a job interview through three experimental studies. Independent variables were verbal content (assertive or non-assertive: AS vs. NA) and nonverbal behaviors (low or high immediacy: L vs. H). Dependent variables were interpersonal impression (intimacy, social desirability, dynamism and general evaluation bias), job abilities (decisiveness, harmoniousness), and employment decisions. Presentations of the video tape consisted of three modes: Study 1 with an audiovisual mode, Study 2 with an audioonly mode, and Study 3 with a visual-only mode. Subjects were 12 students (6 males and 6 females) in each condition and 98 students in all three studies.<BR>Major findings were as follows:(1) In an audiovisual mode of presentation, effects of verbal behaviors were greater than thoes of nonverbal behaviors. There were no effects of both behaviors on employment decisions.(2) In an audio-only mode, AS had higher scores in all measures than NA.(3) In a visual-only mode, H had higher scores than L except social desirability and job abilities.

著者

和田 実 西田 智男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.54-68, 1992

被引用文献数

7

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The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors determined sexual attitudes and sexual behaviors. The scale for sexual attitudes was constructed by Wada and Nishida(1991) in the light of previous studies and consisted of three subscales (sexual permissiveness, sexual responsibility, and sexual instrumentality). As for sexual behaviors, the level of sexual experience between an opposite-sex partner and the number of contact with sex industries were asked. Personal backgrounds, parents' backgrounds, friendship, and social conscious-ness were considered to be determining factors. Subjects were 163 national university students (72 males and 91 females) and 87 private university students (46 males and 41 females). Major findings were as follows: (1) The more sexual permissive they were, the more sexual behaviors they experienced. (2) Male sexual permissiveness was determined by school record, socio-economic status of his home, and father's view of sex. Female sexual permissiveness was determined by age, commutation to university, mother's view of sex, amount of talk with family on sex, focusing on her own life and emphasis on her own senses. (3) The level of male sexual experience were determined by commanding money for a month, school record, having a lover or not, and socio-economic status of his home. That of female sexual experience were determined only by having a lover or not.