著者

和田 実

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.232-237, 1996-08-26 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of age, gender, and sex-role identity to role expectation in same-sex friends (SSF). Role expectation in SSF consisted of ten categories (Wada, 1993): Cooperation, information, similarity, self-enhancement, sensitivity, companionship, authenticity, self-disclosure, respect, and interdependence. Subjects were 129 (67 male and 62 female) junior high school, 243 (118 male and 125 female) senior high school, and 168 (88 male and 80 female) college students. Major findings were as follows: Senior high school and undergraduate students expected more self-enhancement from SSF than junior high students. Junior and senior high school students expected more companionship than undergraduates. Undergraduates expected more authenticity and less self disclosure than junior high school students. And male students expected more companionship, information, and similarity, but less self-disclosure, self-enhancement, and respect from SSF than female. Clear results of the relationship between sex-role identity and role expectation in SSF weren't found.

著者

和田 実

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.4, pp.356-363, 2010

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This study investigated heterosexual undergraduates' behavior with a same-sex close friend and their attitudes toward homosexuality after this friend disclosed his/her sexual orientation. The study also examined whether the heterosexual friend was regarded as a romantic love object or not. Participants were 77 male and 139 female undergraduates. Males decreased their behaviors with their close friend and adopted more positive attitudes toward gay men after they knew their friend's sexual orientation. Females decreased their behavior with their close friend more after learning that they were a romantic love object of their friend, compared to when tehy were not. Also females adopted more positive attitudes toward lesbians only after knowing they were not a romantic love object. These gender differences are discussed.

著者

和田 実

出版者

The Japanese Group Dynamics Association

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.38-49, 2000-07-15 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 2

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本研究は, 大学生が恋愛関係崩壊に際してどのような対処行動をとり, 崩壊時にどのような感情を抱くのか, さらに崩壊後にどのような行動的反応をとるのかを性差と崩壊時の恋愛関係進展度の観点から調べた。被験者は大学生239 (男性116, 女性123) 名であった。いずれも, 異性としばらく付き合った後に, その関係が崩壊した経験のある者のみである。恋愛関係崩壊への対処行動として“説得・話し合い”, “消極的受容”, および“回避・逃避”, 崩壊時の感情として“苦悩”, 崩壊後の行動的反応として“後悔・悲痛”と“未練”が見いだされた。恋愛関係が進展していた者ほど, 崩壊時に説得・話し合い行動がより多くとられ, 崩壊時の苦悩が強く, 崩壊後の後悔・悲痛行動と未練行動が多かった。女性は, 関係が進展していた者ほど回避・逃避行動をとらなかった。関係進展度に関わらず, 男性は女性よりも消極的受容行動を多くとった。さらに, もっとも進展した関係が崩壊した場合のみで, 男性よりも女性の方が多くの説得・話し合い行動をとる一方, 回避・逃避行動をあまりとらなかった。

著者

和田 実

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.171-182, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-08-15)

参考文献数

25

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This study examined infidelity in heterosexual romantic relationships and its effects of gender, attitudes toward infidelity and romantic relationships, and the desire to have an affair. Participants were heterosexual 77 males and 98 females. They were presented with 25 behaviors which were exchanged between males and females and answered their own permissible level of their partners' behaviors and the estimate of their partner's permissible level of their own behaviors in their romantic relationhips. Cluster analysis revealed six clusters: "sexual behaviors", "pleasure behaviors", "companionship and intimate disclosure", "mutual supportive behaviors", "eating and drinking, and giving a present", and "companionate chat". Males' permissible level was higher in sexual behaviors and lower in companionate chat than females'. Their partner's permissible level were higher in sexual behaviors, companionship and intimate disclosure, and mutual supportive behaviors than their own permissible level. Companionate chat was highest and sexual behavior was lowest in both permissible levels. The more permissive attitudes toward infidelity, the stronger desire to have an affair, the less romanticism, and the less romantic power they have, the higher both permissible levels were. The effects on infidelity are discussed.

著者

和田 実

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.9-19, 1996

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the adolescents' attitudes toward gay men and lesbians and to examine the effects of sex and gender-role identity on them. Subjects were 312 (124 male and 188 female) undergraduates. Sixty-three males and 95 females rated the attitudes toward gay men. Sixty-one males and 93 females rated the attitudes toward lesbians. Major findings were as follows: 1. From factor analysis, three factors were extracted: social acceptance, psychological distance, and positive images. 2. As compared with females, males scored lower on social acceptance, higher on psychological distance, and lower on positive images. Especially, males avoided gay men more psychologically than lesbians. 3. Males in high masculinity (HM) accepted gay men less and avoided them more psychologically than males in low masculinity (LM). 4. Females in LM accepted gay men and lesbians less and avoided them more psychologically than females in HM. Females in high femininity (HF) accepted gay men and lesbians less and avoided them more psychologically than females in low femininity (LF). Females in HM imaged gay men and lesbians more positively than females in LM. These findings were discussed in terms of the sex differences of socialization (gender role expectation) and same-sex friendship.

著者

和田 実

雑誌

思春期学 (ISSN:0287637X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.322-334, 2008-09-25

参考文献数

19

著者

和田 実

雑誌

思春期学 = ADOLESCENTOLOGY (ISSN:0287637X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.139-148, 2007-03-25

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

著者

和田 実

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.4, pp.356-363, 2010 (Released:2011-04-20)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3

---

This study investigated heterosexual undergraduates' behavior with a same-sex close friend and their attitudes toward homosexuality after this friend disclosed his/her sexual orientation. The study also examined whether the heterosexual friend was regarded as a romantic love object or not. Participants were 77 male and 139 female undergraduates. Males decreased their behaviors with their close friend and adopted more positive attitudes toward gay men after they knew their friend's sexual orientation. Females decreased their behavior with their close friend more after learning that they were a romantic love object of their friend, compared to when tehy were not. Also females adopted more positive attitudes toward lesbians only after knowing they were not a romantic love object. These gender differences are discussed.

著者

和田 実

出版者

The Japanese Group Dynamics Association

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.153-163, 1994-11-30 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

4 3

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The purpose of this paper was to construct a romantic love attitude scale. Subjects were 182 (71 male and 111 female) undergraduates. From factor analysis, four factors were extracted: romanticism, romantic power, romantic love linked to marriage, and ideal romantic love. Validity of these scales was confirmed by sex and sex-role type differences, similar scale (pragma scale, liking and loving scale, and romanticism scale), and various aspects of romantic love experience and courtship: Females considered that romantic love was linked to marriage more than males. The more feminine they were, the more romantic they were and the more ideal romantic love they wished. Those who have loved some people at the same time wished less ideal romantic love than those who have not. Those who have dated with some people at one time didn't believe romantic power than those who had not. Those who loved someone one-sidedly or had one boy/girl friend believed romantic power than those who were not in love or dated with some people. The more people they have dated with, the less ideal romantic love they wished.

著者

和田 実

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.11-17, 1995-09-15 (Released:2016-12-04)

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-disclosure and psychological well-being. Psychological well-being is defined as a satisfaction with one's life and being in a good mood. Each subject rated the quantity and the willingness to disclose him or herself to close friends of the same sex. Subjects were 247 (91 male and 156 female) undergraduates. The major findings were as follows: 1. Male subjects had more differences in quantity of disclosure or the willingness of disclosure than females, but they expressed concern that they had no chance to disclose themselves more openly. 2. Female subjects expressed more psychological well-being than males. 3. When they have a larger quantity of self-disclosure, they tend to have more psychological well-being. The females had more willingness to disclose themselves, but they tend to have more psychological well-being. That is, it was suggested that the relationship between self-disclosure and psychological well-being was curvilinear.

著者

和田 実

出版者

心理学評論刊行会

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.137-167, 1996 (Released:2019-07-06)

著者

R.J.スタンバーグ K.ヴァイス編 和田実 増田匡裕訳

出版者

北大路書房

巻号頁・発行日

2009

著者

和田実 著

出版者

美満津商店

巻号頁・発行日

1912

著者

和田 実

出版者

交通史学会

雑誌

交通史研究 (ISSN:09137300)

巻号頁・発行日

no.76, pp.86-88, 2012-02-24

著者

和田 実 荒川 修 高谷 智裕 柳下 直己 井口 恵一朗 太田 貴大 宇都宮 譲

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

国際共同研究加速基金(国際共同研究強化(B))

巻号頁・発行日

2020-10-27

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メコン川流域における淡水フグの有毒性は広く知られているものの、野生の淡水フグにおける毒性の強弱や組成に関する知見は著しく断片的なままである。メコン側流域各国では、地元自治体が危険性を啓発しているにもかかわらず、流域住民のフグ食は止まらず、中毒による健康被害が社会問題化している。本研究は、フグ食中毒被害が顕著なカンボジアにおいて、被害多発地域に位置する新設大学と連携し、淡水フグの種類と毒性の季節変化、毒化機構、ならびに住民のフグ食に対する潜在的な需要を明らかにし、淡水フグの無毒化養殖を試行する。

著者

和田 実

出版者

The Japanese Group Dynamics Association

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.49-59, 1991-07-20 (Released:2010-02-26)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

8 3

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本研究の目的は, 対人的有能性の下位概念としてのノンバーバルスキルおよびソーシャルスキルを測る尺度を作成することである。データは大学生 (男子68名, 女子174名) から収集された。因子分析の結果, ノンバーバルスキルについては二つの因子-非表出性および統制, 感受性-, ソーシャルスキルについては三つの因子-関係維持, 関係開始, 自己主張-が抽出された。そして, 既成の類似した尺度 (ACT, SM) およびいくつかの社会的変数 (きょうだい数, 親友数, 孤独感およびその変化, 恋人の有無など) との関連から, この尺度が妥当であることが確かめられた。なお, 具体的には以下の結果が見いだされている。: (1) ノンバーバル感受性, ソーシャルスキルの関係維持は男性よりも女性の方が優れている。(2) ソーシャルスキルの関係維持に優れない者ほど, 孤独を感じている。(3) 恋人がいる者の方がいない者よりも, ノンバーバル感受性を除いたすべてのスキルで優れる。(4) 全体でみれば, 孤独感が減少した者の方がソーシャルスキルの関係維持, 自己主張に優れる。今後は, 特にノンバーバルスキル尺度の項目内容のさらなる検討が必要であろう。

著者

和田 実

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.3, pp.186-194, 2001-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 1

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This study examined the differences between interpersonal relationship of same-sex old friends (OF) and that of new friends (NF). It also investigated the effects of physical distance with an old friend and gender on the friendship. Respondents were 208 undergraduates, 86 men and 122 women, who chose one of most intimate person each from same-sex friends they had made before and after they entered a university, and answered questions to describe their relationship. Results showed that relationship satisfaction and tired feeling were higher for OF than NF. Spending time together and talking over telephone were more frequent for NF than OF, but for each occasion together or over telephone, OF spent longer time than NF. OF expected more self-disclosure between them than NF. Gender differences in friendship expectation were similar to previous findings (Wada, 1993, 1996). Furthermore, gender and physical distance both influenced the frequencies of OF spending time together and over telephone. These findings are discussed in terms of gender differences in friendship.

著者

和田 実

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.67-75, 1993

被引用文献数

3

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The purpose of this study was to confirm the results on sex differences of same-sex friendship (SSF) and to examine the effects of sex-role type on SSF through emotional self-disclosure and the hope of SSF. Emotional self-disclosure consisted of 9 states of the emotion (as a result of factor analysis, 7 emotions), and the hopes of SSF consisted of 10 contents. Subjects were 246 (92 male and 154 female) undergraduates. Major findings were as follows: 1. Female self-disclosed the causes of the emotion more than male when they were in the state of fear and shame, depression and anxiety, happiness, and calmness. 2. Male hoped companionship of SSF and female hoped interdependence and self-disclosure. 3. Male in high femininity (HF) revealed more self- disclosure than male in low femininity (LF) except in the state of calmness. Male in high masuculinity (HM) hoped more companionship of SSF than male in low masuculinity (LM). 4. Female in HF revealed more self-disclosure than female in LF in the state of depression and anxiety, calmness, and anger. Female in HM revealed less self-disclosure than female in LM in the state of fear and shame, and depression and anxiety. Female in HM hoped more admiration, less cooperation, less self-disclosure, and less companionship than female in LM. Female in HF hoped more cooperation, more sensitivity, more self-disclosure, less information, and less authenticity than female in LF. These findings were discussed in terms of the sex differences of socialization (sex role expectation).

著者

和田 実

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.137-167, 1996

被引用文献数

2

著者

和田 実

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.45-52, 1988-04-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3 3

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Effects of liking, interpersonal distance, and intimacy of topics on nonverbal behaviors were investigated in a setting simulating natural interaction, using a multichannel approach, which simultaneously took account of look, eye contact, body orientation, body lean, head orientation, and utterances. Twenty four male undergraduates interacted in pairs. Their interactions were video-taped. 1. Effects of liking were found on forward body lean, smile, head orientation, eye contact, and quantity of look. 2. Effects of interpersonal distance were found on forward body lean, eye contact, and body orientation. 3. In high liking, the smaller the interpersonal distance (or the greater the immediacy in terms of interpersonal distance), the greater the immediacy defined as a composite of other behaviors, and in low liking vice versa.