著者

岩坂 泰信 小林 史尚 皆巳 幸也

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.4-12, 2010-03-20 (Released:2010-03-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3

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There has been interest in bioaerosols that have been linked to health hazards for humans, animals, and plants. Additionally, recently possible contributions of bioaerosols to atmospheric processes become a large concern from the view point of interaction between climate-weather and bioaerosol, especially the potential of micro organisms as ice nuclei. However knowledge on atmospheric bioaerosols is extremely poor due to the technical difficulty in measurement of bioaerosols in the atmosphere. Recently some investigators tried to collect atmospheric bioaerosols on high mountains and/or high tower to understand the transport processes, the environmental stress on micro biota in the atmosphere, the concentration and diversity of micro organisms in the atmosphere. Now the science of bioaerosols is world-widely accepted as large break-through in atmospheric science, aerosol science, environmental science, and others. The concentrations and diversity of bioaerosols in the atmosphere and the changes in their temporal-spatial are essential knowledge to clarify the long range transport of bioaerosols and the atmospheric processes affected by bioaerosols, and the environmental effects of micro organisms transported in long range. Balloon borne measurements were actively made in Kanazawa, Japan and Dunhuang, China in 2005-2009 suggesting that Kosa (Asian dust) particles were effective carriers of micro biota. Mixture states of Kosa and micro biota certainly suppress the environmental stress such as ultra-violet solar radiation, dryness and low temperature. The papers in this special issue of EAROZORU KENKYU are mainly based on these balloon borne measurements, and the newest information is described. Considering that the westerly wind frequently transports lots of Kosa particles from arid and semi-arid regions in China and Mongolia to downwind including Japan, the effect of Kosa bioaerosol mixture on environment, weather and health is of large concern in downwind areas. The paper by Kohshima (this issue) describes interesting and valuable topics in order to discuss the effects of Kosa bioaerosols on environment.

著者

牧 輝弥 小林 史尚 柿川 真紀子 鈴木 振二 當房 豊 山田 丸 松木 篤 洪 天祥 長谷川 浩 岩坂 泰信

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.35-42, 2010-03-20 (Released:2010-03-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

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The microbial communities transported by Asian desert dust (KOSA) events have attracted much attention as bioaerosols, because the transported microorganisms are thought to influence the downwind ecosystems in Japan. In particular, halotolerant bacteria which are known to be tolerant to atmospheric environmental stresses were investigated for clarifying the long-range transport of microorganisms by KOSA. Bioaerosol samples were collected at high altitudes within the KOSA source area (Dunhuang City, China) and the KOSA arrival area (Suzu City, Japan). The microorganisms in bioaerosol samples grew in media containing up to 15 % NaCl, suggesting that bacteria tolerant to high salinities would remain viable in the atmosphere. The PCR-DGGE (Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) analysis using 16S rRNA genes sequences revealed that the halobacterial communities in bioaerosol samples belonged to the members of the genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus and that some bacterial species belonging to Bacillus subtilis group were similar among the samples of both cities. Moreover, some sequences of B. subtilis group were found to be identical for the species collected at high altitudes and on the ground surfaces. This suggests that active mixing of the boundary layer transports viable halotolerant bacteria up to the free atmosphere at the KOSA source area, while down to the ground surface at the KOSA arrival areas.

著者

畑中 恒夫 小林 史尚 宮崎 隼人

出版者

千葉大学教育学部

雑誌

千葉大学教育学部研究紀要 (ISSN:13482084)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.349-353, 2008-03

被引用文献数

3

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電化生活が進むにつれ,そこから発生する電磁波にさらされる機会が増え,電磁波の影響が心配されている。この電磁波が動物の学習行動に影響を及ぼす例が報告されているが,矛盾する報告もある。そこで,下等な昆虫のミツバチを用い,単純な連合学習である花の匂いと,蜜を吸う吻伸展反射の条件づけを行い,電磁波の影響を調べた。市販のマウス駆除器から出る複合された低周波の電磁波に曝露すると,連合学習の学習率が低下した。超低周波の電磁波は磁場成分が生体に作用すると考えられるので,50Hz,200Hz,300Hzの変動磁場に曝露すると,200Hzの変動磁場で学習率が低下し,超低周波電磁波は学習を阻害することがミツバチでも実証された。一方,定常強磁場下では学習率が増加し,磁場や超低周波電磁場はミツバチの磁気受容器を介して学習行動に影響する可能性が示唆された。

著者

岩坂 泰信 張 代洲 小林 史尚 牧 輝弥 柿川 真紀子 洪 天祥

出版者

金沢大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2008

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タクラマカン砂漠での気球観測では上空に浮遊する黄砂の約10%が微生物と合体していた。黄砂が偏西風帯にまで舞い上がった時点ですでに微生物を付着させている可能性が高い。能登半島での観測は、黄砂濃度上昇時に微生物濃度が上昇し「黄砂とともに大気圏を移動している」ことを強く示唆した。立山山頂付近の積雪の黄砂層の微生物多様性はタクラマカン砂漠のものと高い類似性があり、砂塵発生源地からの長距離移動・拡散を示唆した。

著者

牧 輝弥 岩坂 泰信 吉田 圭吾 小林 史尚 河合 賢人 市瀬 孝道

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.289-293, 2016-03-20 (Released:2017-03-20)

参考文献数

10

著者

東 朋美 神林 康弘 藤村 政樹 大倉 徳幸 吉崎 智一 中西 清香 西條 清史 早川 和一 小林 史尚 道上 義正 人見 嘉哲 中村 裕之

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.S1, pp.s212-s217, 2014-02-20 (Released:2014-04-01)

参考文献数

33

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The frequency and scale of Asian dust events have increased rapidly in East Asia since 2000. In connection with this, the effects of Asian dust (kosa) on human health, especially on allergic diseases, are major concern in Japan. We herein discuss the effects of kosa on allergic diseases, including asthma, chronic cough and Japanese cedar pollinosis. Epidemiological studies, as well as experimental studies, have demonstrated the association between kosa and the exacerbation of asthma and allergic diseases.The kosa particles increase airway inflammation as one of the major sources of atmospheric particulate matter. Furthermore the kosa particles absorb various atmospheric gases, including air pollution. Such environmental pollution enhances the response to allergens, including Japanese cedar pollen. Recently, some epidemiological studies used the kosa data obtained by the light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system, which distinguish between mineral dust and other spherical particles, by identifying differences in the shape of the particles. Further studies using the LIDAR system will help to identify the kosa aerosol components that have adverse health effects, leading to provide new strategies to prevent environmentally induced allergic diseases.

著者

東 朋美 神林 康弘 藤村 政樹 大倉 徳幸 吉崎 智一 中西 清香 西條 清史 早川 和一 小林 史尚 道上 義正 人見 嘉哲 中村 裕之

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.s212-s217, 2014

---

The frequency and scale of Asian dust events have increased rapidly in East Asia since 2000. In connection with this, the effects of Asian dust (<i>kosa</i>) on human health, especially on allergic diseases, are major concern in Japan. We herein discuss the effects of <i>kosa</i> on allergic diseases, including asthma, chronic cough and Japanese cedar pollinosis. Epidemiological studies, as well as experimental studies, have demonstrated the association between <i>kosa</i> and the exacerbation of asthma and allergic diseases.The <i>kosa</i> particles increase airway inflammation as one of the major sources of atmospheric particulate matter. Furthermore the <i>kosa</i> particles absorb various atmospheric gases, including air pollution. Such environmental pollution enhances the response to allergens, including Japanese cedar pollen. Recently, some epidemiological studies used the <i>kosa</i> data obtained by the light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system, which distinguish between mineral dust and other spherical particles, by identifying differences in the shape of the particles. Further studies using the LIDAR system will help to identify the <i>kosa</i> aerosol components that have adverse health effects, leading to provide new strategies to prevent environmentally induced allergic diseases.

著者

畑中 恒夫 小林 史尚 宮崎 隼人 小林 史尚 コバヤシ フミナオ Kobayashi Fuminao 宮崎 隼人 ミヤザキ ハヤト Miyazaki Hayato

出版者

千葉大学教育学部

雑誌

千葉大学教育学部研究紀要 (ISSN:13482084)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.349-353, 2008-03

被引用文献数

3

---

電化生活が進むにつれ,そこから発生する電磁波にさらされる機会が増え,電磁波の影響が心配されている。この電磁波が動物の学習行動に影響を及ぼす例が報告されているが,矛盾する報告もある。そこで,下等な昆虫のミツバチを用い,単純な連合学習である花の匂いと,蜜を吸う吻伸展反射の条件づけを行い,電磁波の影響を調べた。市販のマウス駆除器から出る複合された低周波の電磁波に曝露すると,連合学習の学習率が低下した。超低周波の電磁波は磁場成分が生体に作用すると考えられるので,50Hz,200Hz,300Hzの変動磁場に曝露すると,200Hzの変動磁場で学習率が低下し,超低周波電磁波は学習を阻害することがミツバチでも実証された。一方,定常強磁場下では学習率が増加し,磁場や超低周波電磁場はミツバチの磁気受容器を介して学習行動に影響する可能性が示唆された。Several studies performed in rodents have suggested that spatial learning can be impaired by electromagnetic field exposure, but some inconsistent results have been reported. So, we used lower order insect, honeybees, and studied the effects of electromagnetic fields on a simple and typical association learning of flower odor with proboscis extension reflex to nectar. Learning performance was impaired by low frequency complex electromagnetic fields radiated from a rodent control device. Then we exposed honeybees to 50Hz, 200Hz or 300Hz AC magnetic fields during their trainings. 200Hz magnetic field decreased learning proficiency. On the other hand, a strong and constant magnetic field enhanced the learning performance. These results indicate that extremely low frequency electromagnetic field can effect on the emotion of honeybees via magneto receptors.