著者

山崎 志郎

出版者

土地制度史学会(現 政治経済学・経済史学会)

雑誌

土地制度史学 (ISSN:04933567)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.18-36, 1986-07-20 (Released:2017-11-30)

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear the change of wartime finance policy in the end of the war against China and analyze its backgrownd of money market. The characteristic of monetary policy during the war against China was nationwide mobilization of funds for the public loan and strategic industries. This mobilization made the financial structure unstable and lead it to reorganization. In deposit market concentration trend turned. Some provincial banks, especially influential ones grew big rapidly partly owing to the amalgamation movement. The cheep money policy in local money market and the funds control policy made provincial banks change their banking operation, rush in the urban money market. The advance competition became intense. That was a result of the control policy. But large equipment funds controled by financial adjustment law was supplied by a few financial organs oligopolistically. They had organized joint financing groups excluding other banks. Influential provincial banks increased advance as rapidly as big banks, but they supplied funds for newly rising or subcontract enterprises with some risk. After the outbreak of WWII, risky advance competition was going to result in credit crisis. Ministry of finance and Bank of Japan requested financial circles to organize a council of financial association aiming at stabilization of money market. Local Banker's Association joined it positively aiming at extending finance of the strategic industries through co-operation with monetary policy, so did big banks aiming at maintaining oligopoly. Thus the organization of financial constitutions was promoted with conflict objects.

著者

山崎 志郎

出版者

東京大学大学院経済学研究科

雑誌

経済学論集 (ISSN:00229768)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.60-65, 2016-12-01 (Released:2022-01-25)

著者

山崎 志郎

出版者

土地制度史学会(現 政治経済学・経済史学会)

雑誌

土地制度史学 (ISSN:04933567)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.16-34, 1991-01-20 (Released:2017-12-30)

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Japan put all of her energies into increasing aircraft output during the latter half of the Pacific War. The demand for aircraft was in exess of the productive capacity, so the government mobilized equipment, materials, labor to the aircraft industry as much as posible. In this sense the aircraft industry is an important focus for the analysis of the national mobilization in Japan. The military authorities planned an urgent aircraft production program for 1944 during the summer of 1943 with priority given to the High Command demands. In this plan they expected 3 times as much output as 1943 at the cost of reductions in many other weapons. The Musashino Plant of Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd., one of the biggest aircraft maker in Japan, expanded its facilities rapidly. But on the other hand, lack of coordination of equipments and dilution proceeded unduly. The Musashino Plant had priority for materials, machines, labor, electricity, etc.. Trading on this merits the plant tightened the combinations between subcontract, cooperative and allied factories. But the high productivity was not accomplished owing to a shortage of high efficiency machines and technical experts. For all that the extream mobilization of labor, the priority production of materials and machines for aircraft, the nationwide recovery and the distribution concentration yielded much increase in aircraft production. There was no consideration for the cooperation of the overall economy anymore. Therefore the selfgoverned distribution system by the Control Asociations which developed during the war time, began to collapse.

著者

山崎 志郎

出版者

土地制度史学会(現 政治経済学・経済史学会)

雑誌

土地制度史学 (ISSN:04933567)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.4-17, 1996-04-20 (Released:2017-12-30)

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The mobilization system during the War consisted of two stages. In the first stage 1937-41 the long-range mobilization system was formed, in later stage 1942-45 nonmilitary section was restrained thoroughly, so mobilization of munitions industry was managed barely but whole ecomomic plan resulted in collapse. The distinctive features of the mobilization system are the market mechanism, the profit incentive, and the competitions in strategic industries, integrated into the system ingeniously from first to last. In the first stage the munitions mobilization plan and the capacity expanding plan ensured the increase of long-range demand and the priority of materials supply. Many low-ranking and newly-estabilished companies invested in plants and equipments positively. But the outbreak of the European War and the International trade restriction made the consistency of the lowprice policy and the overall expansion of companies of the plan difficult. The profit pool system, the more strict priority supply system and the cooperative finance system were introduced into the mobilization system to ensure the long-range price stability and the mobilization. Soon after the outbreak of the Pacific War the production of fundamental materials began to decrease. The increase of the output in shipbuilding and the aircraft indusutry became the critical issue of the mobilization. The Government gave up the consistency of the whole economic plan. The inconsistency of supply and demand plan of all sorts of materials came out. The Center and the Prefectural government mobilized materials, labor, transportation capacity, electric power, fuel, etc. to a small number of specified companies. Thus the huge industries of precision, electlic, transport machine appeared in Japan during the War at the sacrifice of the other industries.

著者

寺村 泰 山崎 志郎 西野 肇 日向 祥子 小野塚 知二 松田 紀子

出版者

静岡大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2011-04-01

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本研究は、業種ごとに市場のコーディネートが多様な形態で行われてきたことを資料に基づき実証するとともに、国際比較を踏まえて日本における市場のコーディネーションに関する特質を解明するものである。第一に、日本国内にある2100の業界団体に対して保存資料に関するアンケート調査を行い、その集計結果および資料リストを冊子にまとめ、研究者に郵送したほか学会において無償配布した。第二に、海外における業界団体等の資料保存体制に関して現地調査を行い、日本における資料保存体制との比較考量を行った。第三に、調査過程で収集した資料に基づいて多様な市場コーディネーションの実態について研究し成果を発表した。

著者

原 朗 山崎 志郎 加瀬 和俊 金子 文夫 岡崎 哲二 寺村 泰 西野 肇 池元 有一 伊藤 正直 植田 浩史 柳 沢遊 沼尻 晃伸 山口 由等 渡辺 純子

出版者

首都大学東京

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2008

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本共同研究では、制度設計と市場経済の関係性の観点から、20世紀の日本経済を概観し、高度成長期の特徴を捉えた。このため、世界経済およびアジア経済の枠組み、日本の産業構造、産業組織、経済政策、企業間関係、労働市場、消費動向、消費者意識の変化について分析した。その結果、戦後世界の安定化と日本と対アジア関係の再構築、産業政策と産業調整、企業間取引、消費構造の高度化など1950年代から60年代に現れた制度設計と市場経済の安定的で特徴的な様相を明らかにした。