40 0 0 0 OA 柔道衣の形態と色に関する史的研究(その1)
- 著者
- 藤堂 良明 入江 康平 村田 直樹
- 出版者
- 日本武道学会
- 雑誌
- 武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.30, no.3, pp.40-46, 1998-03-31 (Released:2012-11-27)
- 参考文献数
- 26
Recently there comes a lot of debating about Judo suit and main points are its form and colour. We tried to reserach the historical changes of Judo suit, especially about its form and colour in Japan and the results are as follows;(1) During the war pesiod, the warrior put on a HAKAMA (a divided skirt forman's for mal wear) and a KOSODE (a wadded silk garment) under the armors. After the war ended, the warrior sheds the armor and put on a HAORI (a Japanese half coat) instead of the armor on a HAKAMA and a KOSODE. The warrior wore a JUBAN (a half undergarmet) and drawers as underwears and the colour of those wears were white with the raason of low cost without dyeing.(2) When the warrior practised KATA of Jnjutsu, they took off a HAORI and so the wears for the practice were KOSODE and HAKAMA. After the KATA practice, they did MIDARE-GEIKO (a practice of free fighting style) and then took off KOSODE and HAKAMA and wore half sleeves which were made wider and quilted to make it be stronger, and the form was as the same as JUBAN. They put on MOMOHIKI (drawers) too in the practice.(3) The founder of Judo, Jigoro KANO mentioned Jude suit in his book that an upper garment could be white cotton in colour and trousers, MOMOHIKI with strings around the waist. Those which were mentioned by J. KANO are the technical terms of underwears, so that the origin of Judo suit could be recogrized as the underwears in Japanese culture. J. KANO maintained traditions of the white colour and improved of length of sleeves for prevention against injuries. And he established Dan and Kyu grading system with the various colours of the belts.(4) There has been a traditional belief among Japanese peoqle that white colour means pureness and holiness which are much worthy to the life, so that could be the reason why the white colour of Judo suit could be maintained so far.
9 0 0 0 OA 武道における段級の歴史と意義について
- 著者
- 藤堂 良明 村田 直樹
- 出版者
- 日本武道学会
- 雑誌
- 武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.37, no.1, pp.1-9, 2004-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)
- 参考文献数
- 21
Study of the history and meaning of dan and kyu grades is one key to the essential character of Budo. Using this idea we began research into the origin of the dan grade system in Shogi, during the Edo period of Japanese history. The dan grade system in certain Kenjutsu and Jujutsu schools where comparable systems existed. For our final reseach we studied the grade system of Judo in the context of the clear intentions established by Jigoro Kano, and we considered how both kendo and kyudo have adopted grading systems and their meaning.Results were as follows:1. There were 9 dan grade steps in Shogi at the beginning of the 18th Century. A Shogi player could be promoted to the next grade if he won a game against Iemoto, the top authority and 9th dan holder. Only Iemoto was permitted to hold 9th dan.2. The Jigenryu of kenjutsu school established its own dan grade syustem from 1st to 4th dan at the begininng of the Edo era in order to keep the students motivated. The Tenjin-shinyoryu Jujutsu at the end of the Edo era established 3 dan grade steps: sho dan, chu dan and jo dan. Both systems had similar policies for dan promotion, requiring length of training and technical skills in kata. Also intangible factors such as being of good character, and not aggressive, but with a determined spirit. The system at that time had only a few 3 or 4 dan grades and there was a long time between promotions, and so students could eventually lack motivation.3. Jigoro Kano, the founder of the Kodokan, established the dan grade system in Judo from 1st dan upwards (without an upper limit), with kyu grades from 5th to 1st, because he disagreed with the traditional grading system and its excessively long intervals to the next grade. He allowed students who had reached 6th dan to teach Judo, and then encouraged study more deeply into the heart of judo before arriving at 10th dan or Shihan. The other purpose of establishing the dan grade system was to stabilize the organization on a firm financial footing. The Dai Nippon Butokukai, established in 1895 in Kyoto, adopted the dan grade system for Judo and kyu grade system for Kendo which was used in Tokyo Police. In 1917, the Butokukai adopted the dan and kyu system for both Judo and Kendo, then in 1923 also adopted the dan and kyu system for Kyudo.4. The dan and kyu grade system used today in Judo examines students for promotion up to 6th dan on points obtained in competitions and on their performance of kata. Above 6th dan are judged on their depth of knowledge and their contribution to judo. The grading system in Kendo examines skills in competitions and kata and there is a written test in addition. Correct posture and being able to use a sword correctly are considered to be more important than winning in the examining matches for promotion. Fees for promotion are used for further development of the organization.
- 著者
- 桐生 習作 村田 直樹 藤堂 良明
- 出版者
- 日本武道学会
- 雑誌
- 武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.45, no.2, pp.119-133, 2012-12-25 (Released:2014-04-04)
- 参考文献数
- 57
Throughout the course of the popularization of judo, Jigoro Kano refined kitoryu-no-kata (a technique in judo having a profound theory) and developed it as koshiki-no-kata. The purpose of this study is to clarify: (1) the details of kitoryu-no-kata, (2) the development from kitoryu-no-kata to koshiki-no-kata, and (3) Kano’s strategies on the popularization of kata as to which parts of kitoryu-no-kata he valued the most, the methods of the development of kitoryu-no-kata, its meaning and the development from kitoryu-no-kata to koshiki-no-kata. The results are shown below:(1) Kitoryu is based on a state of unity between the imperturbable mind and body, which is called hontai. According to the Kitoryu jujutsu code, hontai places a strong empathies on spiritual training and harmonizing the mind and body with the universe’s energy source — ki, without being distracted by the moves of the kata or the opponent’s moves. In establishing Kodokan judo, Kano adopted kitoryu-no-kata (grappling techniques in armor which was used in times of war), as a kata with noble principles. In the kitoryu-no-kata style, Kano valued a steady posture (hontai), an imperturbable mind and techniques that disturb the opponent’s posture.(2) Kano changed the name from kitoryu-no-kata to koshiki-no-kata sometime after 1901. When comparing the two kata, it can be seen that there are five waza (techniques) that acquired a different name and two waza (techniques) that have a reverse order. In the Kitoryu style, a 14-technique session begins and ends with a courtesy greeting. In the Kitoryu style, 14 techniques and seven mudan techniques have been recognized as different forms of kata. Although there is a movement that disturbs the opponent’s posture by grasping and holding his neck in the kitoryu-no-kata style, Kano changed it to pressing against the opponent’s chest instead— from the point of view of safety and elegance.(3) Ever since the very founding of Kodokan, judoka have been neglecting kata. Kano tried a variety of ways to popularize kata because he felt that students should learn the principles of correct throwing techniques through kata.
- 著者
- 村田 直樹
- 出版者
- 筑波大学大学研究センター
- 雑誌
- 大学研究 (ISSN:09160264)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.29, pp.195-213, 2004-01
ただ今ご紹介いただきました国際課長の村田でございます。今日は、国際化、国際関係の視点からみた、大学の管理運営ということでお話をさせていただきたいと思います。まず、「国立大学法人化に伴う国際関係事業・組織の在り方について」 ...
1 0 0 0 OA 英国における高等教育質保証制度に関する研究
1 0 0 0 IR イギリスの大学・学位制度:イングランドを中心に
- 著者
- 村田 直樹
- 出版者
- 独立行政法人 大学評価・学位授与機構
- 雑誌
- 学位と大学
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.1, pp.11-91, 2010-07
1 0 0 0 OA 内視鏡的大腸ポリープ切除術における後出血例の危険因子についての検討
- 著者
- 福田 将義 大坪 倫代 徳山 理恵 山田 透子 村野 竜朗 加藤 知爾 井上 大 清水 寛路 小田柿 智之 岡宮 聡 村田 直樹 小倉 祐紀 竹縄 寛 芝 祐信
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本消化器内視鏡学会 関東支部
- 雑誌
- Progress of Digestive Endoscopy (ISSN:13489844)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.75, no.2, pp.44-47, 2009-12-10 (Released:2013-07-29)
- 参考文献数
- 8
- 被引用文献数
- 1 1
内視鏡的大腸ポリープ切除術について,後出血の危険因子および後出血予防処置としてのクリッピングの有効性について検討を行った。2004年から2007年の4年間に,当院にて施行した1049病変について解析を行った。出血例は26病変に認められ,出血率は2.5%であった。病変部位,病変の大きさ,病変形態,切除方法,組織型,クリップ施行の有無について検討を行った。後出血の要因として,病変部位としては左側結腸,大きさは15mm以上,病変形態は広基性または10mm以上の有茎性,切除方法は分割切除,組織型は腺癌であった。クリッピングの有効性については,施行例・非施行例での背景が異なっており,有効性を示すためには施行規準を設けた前向き研究が必要と考えられた。
