3 0 0 0 OA 西之島の地球物理観測と上陸調査
- 著者
- 武尾 実 大湊 隆雄 前野 深 篠原 雅尚 馬場 聖至 渡邉 篤志 市原 美恵 西田 究 金子 隆之 安田 敦 杉岡 裕子 浜野 洋三 多田 訓子 中野 俊 吉本 充宏 高木 朗充 長岡 優
- 出版者
- 海洋理工学会
- 雑誌
- 海洋理工学会誌 (ISSN:13412752)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.24, no.1, pp.45-56, 2018 (Released:2018-08-30)
- 参考文献数
- 12
Nishinoshima is an andesitic stratovolcano located in Ogasawara Islands, Japan. In November 2013, island-forming eruption started. Before the eruption, Nishinoshima was a small island of the area of 0.29 km2 and elevation of 25 m but it had a huge edifice rising 3,000 m from the sea floor. By March 2016, area and elevation reached 2.7 km2 and 140 m, respectively. We conducted various types of geophysical observations at this “difficult-to-access island” (950 km from Tokyo taking 90 min by Jet plane, or 24 h by ship). In June 2016, we conducted airborne observations using unmanned helicopter, collecting 250 grams of scoria and detailed 4K images of lava flows. OBSs (Ocean Bottom Seismometers) were deployed around Nishinoshima in four periods. From February 2015 to May 2017, characteristic waveforms dominated at 4–8 Hz band were frequently observed. Comparisons with infrasonic records and video images revealed that the 4–8 Hz seismic signals were associated with eruptions at pyroclastic cone. The number of seismic signals of this type declined from July 2015, and disappeared in November 2015, suggesting that the eruptive activity started declining in July 2015 and ceased in the middle of November 2015. In October 2016, we landed and deployed a broadband seismometer and an infrasonic sensor in the old Nishinoshima, collecting a lot of new lava, deposits, and ash samples. We demonstrated a capacity of remote-island volcano monitoring system for one day test navigation circling around Nishinoshima. After one and a half year quiescence, a new eruptive phase started in April, 2017. Our on-land seismic sensor detected precursory signals as early as April 17. The seismometer also recorded characteristic waveforms during the very early stage of the new eruption phase before data transmission was terminated on April 21.
1 0 0 0 IR 退官者の挨拶・退官者を送る
1 0 0 0 OA 地磁気の逆転と気候変動
- 著者
- 浜野 洋三
- 出版者
- Tokyo Geographical Society
- 雑誌
- 地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.101, no.6, pp.430-441, 1992-12-05 (Released:2009-11-12)
1 0 0 0 OA 地磁気ダイナモとマントルダイナミクス
- 著者
- 浜野 洋三 柳澤 孝寿 山岸 保子
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 東京地学協会
- 雑誌
- 地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.114, no.2, pp.142-150, 2005-04-25 (Released:2009-11-12)
- 参考文献数
- 7
Recent progress of numerical simulations on the dynamo process in the core and the mantle convection provides a clue to understanding the origin of global variations of the Earth system during the last 150 Ma, in which long-term variations of geomagnetic reversal frequency and mantle activity are closely related in time. Recent MHD dynamo simulations suggest that the increase of the total heat flow through the CMB changes the geodynamo from stable dipolar dynamos to unstable multipolar dynamos, and on axially symmetric and equatorial symmetric pattern of heat flux produces stable dipolar dynamos. Numerical modelings of mantle convection indicate 3 convection regimes, whole-mantle, intermittent, and 2-layer convections, in a parameter space of the Rayleigh number (Ra) and the Clapeyron slope (dP/dT) of the phase transition at a depth of 660 km. In the intermittent convection regime, the convection vacillates between wholelayer and the 2-layer regimes, and the surface and CMB heat flows fluctuate with time. The global variation of the Earth system might be attributed to this intermittent convection mode of the present Earth. However, the apparent out of phase variation of the total heat flow through the CMB inferred from the reversal frequency and the mantle activity requires some mechanism for the phase shift of the variations..
1 0 0 0 OA 原生代初期における大規模地球システム変動の高時間解像度復元とシステム解析
- 著者
- 田近 英一 多田 隆治 橘 省吾 関根 康人 鈴木 捷彦 後藤 和久 永原 裕子 大河内 直彦 関根 康人 後藤 和久 大河内 直彦 鈴木 勝彦 浜野 洋三 永原 裕子 磯崎 行雄 村上 隆
- 出版者
- 東京大学
- 雑誌
- 基盤研究(B)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- 2006
約25億~20億年前に生じた全球凍結イベントと酸素濃度上昇の関係を明らかにするため,カナダ,米国,フィンランドにおいて地質調査及び岩石試料採取を実施し,様々な化学分析を行った.その結果,同時代の地層対比の可能性が示された.またいずれの地域においても氷河性堆積物直上に炭素同位体比の負異常がみられることを発見した.このことから,氷河期直後にメタンハイドレートの大規模分解→温暖化→大陸風化→光合成細菌の爆発的繁殖→酸素濃度の上昇,という可能性が示唆される.