著者

福田 玄明 植田 一博

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.64-78, 2011 (Released:2011-09-07)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1

---

It is thought that we can discriminate between animate and inanimate things. This ability is called animacy perception. Our discrimination between animate and inanimate things is considered to be an important ability for our social cognition, because animacy perception is assumed to serve as a foundation for considering objects as others that have their own goals, intentions and⁄or emotions. We investigated neural mechanism underlying animacy perception using a real animate thing (turtle) and an inanimate thing (robot) in this study. As far as we know, brain activity related to animacy perception in the course of approaching a real animate thing has not been investigated. In experiment 1, we compared Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) when participants performed reaching actions for the animate thing (animate condition) with those when they performed reaching actions for the inanimate thing (inanimate condition). We found that the amplitude of ERPs in left infero-frontal region, which is said to correspond to mirror system, was significantly higher in the animate condition than in the inanimate condition. Moreover, we found more significant mu suppression in the animate condition than in the inanimate condition, which is said to be an evidence of the activation of mirror system. These results suggest that mirror system is related to animacy perception. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to observe an object, either of the animate thing or the inanimate thing, which was covered in a box so that they could not judge by appearance what it was and to answer whether they felt it as animate or inanimate. We compared ERPs when they performed reaching actions for the objects that they felt as animate with those when they performed reaching actions for the objects that they felt as inanimate. As well as in Experiment 1, we found that the amplitude of ERPs in left infero-frontal region was significantly higher in the former condition than in the latter one. In conjunction with the results in Experiment 1, this result suggests that the activation of mirror system takes a role in subjective attribution of animacy to objects.

著者

山田 歩 福田 玄明 鮫島 和行 清河 幸子 南條 貴紀 植田 一博 野場 重都 鰐川 彰

出版者

行動経済学会

雑誌

行動経済学 (ISSN:21853568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.129-132, 2011 (Released:2012-03-29)

参考文献数

6

---

本研究では,テイスティングの際に,好き嫌いの理由を意識的に分析することが,サンプルへの選好に与える影響を検討した.参加者は,好きな理由を分析するか,嫌いな理由を分析するか,もしくは分析せずにPepsiとCokeを試飲し,それらの好みを判断した.その結果,分析をしなかった参加者はPepsiよりCokeを好む傾向があったが,好きな理由を分析した参加者はPepsiへの選好を強めることが確認された.嫌いな理由を分析した参加者は,PepsiとCokeに示す好みに違いがなくなった.また,好きな理由についてはPepsiはCokeより記述しやすいと判断されたが,嫌いな理由については両者に違いがなかった.これらの結果は,意識的に味の好き嫌いを分析するテイスティング場面では,直感的な評価と異なる結果をもたらすこと,また,サンプルの理由の記述しやすさがそうした評価の変動を増減させていることを示唆する.

著者

鈴木 宏昭 福田 玄明 鈴木 聡 田中 克明 山田 歩

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第27回全国大会(2013)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1J3OS22a6, 2013 (Released:2018-07-30)

---

人間の行う様々な知的活動は感情,動機によって支えられている.近年,これらは意識できないレベルの周辺情報によって大きく影響を受けることが明らかになってきた.本報告では,これらについての認知科学,実験社会心理学の知見を紹介し,AI研究の方法論と組み合わせて,オフィスワーカのモチベーションを向上させるための方策を探究する.

著者

渋谷 友紀 森田 ゆい 福田 玄明 植田 一博 佐々木 正人

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.337-364, 2012 (Released:2014-10-10)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

3

---

In Japanese traditional performing arts, “breathing” is consideredone of the most fundamental techniques. Recent studies reveal that breathing is not synchronized with body action in masters or experts in Kyogen and Kabuki, Japanese traditional performing arts. This result contrasts sharply with the report that, with growing proficiency,breathing becomes synchronized with body actionin sports and Western dances. Bunraku,which is also one of the Japanese traditional performing arts, is a form of puppet theater in which three puppeteers cooperatively maneuver one puppet. Bunraku has thus different characteristics from Kyogen and Kabuki; the body (puppet) that performs actions is different from thebodies (puppeteers) that control the actions. Therefore we can expect to find, in Bunraku, a relation between body action and breathing which is different fromthat in Kyogen and Kabuki. In this paper, we clarified relation between body action and breathing in Bunraku puppeteers and compared it with that found in Kyogen and Kabuki. Two Bunraku puppeteers who were different in career (one puppeteer’s career spanned 31 years while the other puppeteer’s career spanned 13 years)participated in our experiment: We asked them to execute the following three tasks; the first task was to perform basic actions called Kata with a familiar puppet, the second was to perform the same basic actions with an unfamiliar puppet, and the third was to perform an actual Bunraku play both to the music by shamisen and to the narration by Tayu. In order to clarify whether or not a puppeteer’s breathing was synchronized with his body action, we investigated the correspondence between his breathing phases and the puppet’s motions in performance aswell as the periodicity and stability of his breathing by analyzing autocorrelation of and applying Fourier analyses to breathing curves. As a result breathing was found less synchronized with body action for the more experienced puppeteer with 31 years career than for the less experienced puppeteer with 13 years career. When they executed the first and third tasks, in addition, the more experienced puppeteer showed more periodic and stable breathing patterns than the less experienced puppeteer did. These findings are consistent with the previous ones found in Kyogen and Kabuki. On the other hand, a clear difference in breathing pattern between the two puppeteers was not found when they did the second task, which is not necessarily consistent with the finding in Kyogen and Kabuki. Along with the previous findings, the results suggest that a common breathing technique may be used among Japanese traditional performing arts, Kyogen, Bunraku and Kabuki.

著者

鈴木 宏昭 福田 玄明

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.353-367, 2013-09-01 (Released:2014-12-05)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

4

---

Growing evidence has suggested interesting dissociations between conscious and sub-conscious processing in insight problem solving. It indicates a possibility that the process of insight problem solving is largely governed by an implicit learning mecha-nism that detects the differences between current and goal states, and regulates the strengths of the responsible operators. If the implicit learning mechanism takes part in the insight problem solving process, the process might be affected by a hint stimu-lus subliminally presented, because such a stimulus could not be used by the explicit learning system. We examined this possibility using the continuos flash suppression technique. The results of two experiments showed that subjects subliminally presented with the goal state of a difficult insight puzzle solved it much faster than those in the control group. These results were discussed in terms of unconscious nature of insight problem solving, gradual tuning of operator strengths during the impasse, and roles of subliminal hint information in the problem solving processes.

著者

鈴木 宏昭 福田 玄明 鈴木 聡 田中 克明 山田 歩

出版者

人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 (ISSN:13479881)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, 2013

---

人間の行う様々な知的活動は感情,動機によって支えられている.近年,これらは意識できないレベルの周辺情報によって大きく影響を受けることが明らかになってきた.本報告では,これらについての認知科学,実験社会心理学の知見を紹介し,AI研究の方法論と組み合わせて,オフィスワーカのモチベーションを向上させるための方策を探究する.

著者

福田 玄明 植田 一博

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.64-78, 2011-03-01

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

3

---

It is thought that we can discriminate between animate and inanimate things. This ability is called animacy perception. Our discrimination between animate and inanimate things is considered to be an important ability for our social cognition, because animacy perception is assumed to serve as a foundation for considering objects as others that have their own goals, intentions and⁄or emotions. We investigated neural mechanism underlying animacy perception using a real animate thing (turtle) and an inanimate thing (robot) in this study. As far as we know, brain activity related to animacy perception in the course of approaching a real animate thing has not been investigated. In experiment 1, we compared Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) when participants performed reaching actions for the animate thing (animate condition) with those when they performed reaching actions for the inanimate thing (inanimate condition). We found that the amplitude of ERPs in left infero-frontal region, which is said to correspond to mirror system, was significantly higher in the animate condition than in the inanimate condition. Moreover, we found more significant mu suppression in the animate condition than in the inanimate condition, which is said to be an evidence of the activation of mirror system. These results suggest that mirror system is related to animacy perception. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to observe an object, either of the animate thing or the inanimate thing, which was covered in a box so that they could not judge by appearance what it was and to answer whether they felt it as animate or inanimate. We compared ERPs when they performed reaching actions for the objects that they felt as animate with those when they performed reaching actions for the objects that they felt as inanimate. As well as in Experiment 1, we found that the amplitude of ERPs in left infero-frontal region was significantly higher in the former condition than in the latter one. In conjunction with the results in Experiment 1, this result suggests that the activation of mirror system takes a role in subjective attribution of animacy to objects.