1 0 0 0 OA 代名詞と反最小性
- 著者
- 藤田 耕司
- 出版者
- The Linguistic Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- 言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.1991, no.100, pp.42-66, 1991-12-25 (Released:2007-10-23)
- 参考文献数
- 39
This paper argues against the traditional view that Japanese pronouns differ from English pronouns in that they can never be bound by an operator. Rather, it is shown that pronouns cross-linguistically have the property of ' Anti-Minimality, 'by which is meant that a pronoun can be operator-bound only if another operator intervenes between the pronoun and its binding operator. Thus, just as pronouns stand opposed to anaphors with respect to A-binding, so they also stand opposed to variables with respect to O-binding; both anaphors and variables have the property of Minimality for the relevant type of binding. Data from English, Chinese and Japanese are discussed, and it is argued that discrepancies in the distribution of operator-bound pronouns derive from the existence/nonexistence of the pertaining Anti-Minimality inducers in these languages, which in turn reduces to the parametric variations in their configurational structure. Thus English differs from Chinese and Japanese in that only the former has AGR, while Japanese differs from the other two in that it crucially lacks a subject. Hence the strictly limited occurrence of operator-bound pronouns in this language. Since this study shows that the concept of Minimality comes into play for binding as well as for government, it provides further motivation for the reduction of the ECP to the Binding theory.
1 0 0 0 OA Panner病の治療経験と病態の検討
- 著者
- 秋本 浩二 西須 孝 柿崎 潤 落合 信靖 藤田 耕司
- 出版者
- 日本肘関節学会
- 雑誌
- 日本肘関節学会雑誌 (ISSN:13497324)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.24, no.2, pp.105-108, 2017 (Released:2019-06-05)
- 参考文献数
- 10
背景:病態について不明な点が多いPanner病の4例を経験し,その病態について検討を行った.方法:症例は全例男性で年齢は平均9.1歳,経過観察期間は平均35.5か月であった.調査項目は患者背景(スポーツ歴・家族の喫煙歴・ステロイド内服歴・骨年齢),症状,単純X線所見の変化,治療経過とした. 結果:スポーツ歴はドッジボール2例,テニス1例,野球1例であった.家族の喫煙歴は1例,ステロイド内服歴は2例にみられ,1例で骨年齢が暦年齢より若かった.症状は,全例に肘関節痛があり,肘関節可動域制限が3例にみられた.単純X線で骨端核が修復されるまでの期間は平均12.7か月であった.全例保存加療を行い,オーバーヘッド動作制限期間は平均15か月で,全例臨床症状は改善した. 結論:Panner病4例に対し保存加療を施行し,全例臨床症状は改善した.オーバーヘッド動作を伴うスポーツ歴,ステロイド内服歴はPanner病のrisk factorになりえると考えられた.
1 0 0 0 OA 石灰沈着性腱板炎慢性例に対する衝撃波療法の治療成績
- 著者
- 西須 孝 高橋 謙二 藤田 耕司 三橋 繁 森石 丈二
- 出版者
- 日本肩関節学会
- 雑誌
- 肩関節 (ISSN:09104461)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.23, no.2, pp.293-296, 1999-07-30 (Released:2012-11-20)
- 参考文献数
- 6
- 被引用文献数
- 1
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of extracorporeal shockwaves on chronic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. We studied 4 patients with chronic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy was applied using Dornier Epos (Dornier Company, Germany). The JOA score, the VAS score (resting pain, night pain and tenderness) and plain radiographs before and after the shock wave treatments were studied in 4 shoulders.The average JOA score was 55.5 points (range,37-70 points) just before the start of the shock wave application. At the end of this study and over-three months after the shock wave application, it was 75.5 points (range,57-98 points). The VAS scores were decreased in all 4 patients after the shock wave application. The areas of calcification were reduced in 3 out of 4 shoulders. We concluded that extracorporeal shock wave therapy was useful for chronic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder.
1 0 0 0 OA 生成文法と複雑系言語進化
- 著者
- 藤田 耕司
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会
- 雑誌
- 計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.53, no.9, pp.862-864, 2016-09-10 (Released:2017-04-29)
- 参考文献数
- 6
1 0 0 0 生物言語学の展開 : 生成文法から見た言語発生の諸問題
- 著者
- 藤田 耕司
- 出版者
- 生命の起源および進化学会運営局
- 雑誌
- Viva origino (ISSN:09104003)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.31, no.2, pp.104-121, 2003-06-30
- 参考文献数
- 9
Generative grammar constitutes one major branch of theoretical linguistics, but its more important role as biolinguistics can be found in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. By exploring one particular instance of the cognitive faculties of our species, i.e, the Language Faculty (or the Language Organ), researchers in generative grammar/biolinguistics aim to elucidate the fundamental properties of human intelligence, or human nature itself. In this paper, we overview the main topics of generative grammar/biolinguistics to see how deeply they are intertwined with those of modern biology. In particular, we take a new and enlightening look at the familiar issues of the nature, acquisition and evolution of the human language, its universality and diversity, and its economy and redundancy. These are here rephrased in terms of three different levels of genesis of language, i.e., microgenesis, ontogenesis, and phylogenesis, in the hope that their possible unification may be forthcoming.
1 0 0 0 代名詞と反最小性
- 著者
- 藤田 耕司
- 出版者
- 日本言語学会
- 雑誌
- 言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.1991, no.100, pp.42-66, 1991
This paper argues against the traditional view that Japanese pronouns differ from English pronouns in that they can never be bound by an operator. Rather, it is shown that pronouns cross-linguistically have the property of ' Anti-Minimality, 'by which is meant that a pronoun can be operator-bound only if another operator intervenes between the pronoun and its binding operator. Thus, just as pronouns stand opposed to anaphors with respect to A-binding, so they also stand opposed to variables with respect to O-binding; both anaphors and variables have the property of Minimality for the relevant type of binding. Data from English, Chinese and Japanese are discussed, and it is argued that discrepancies in the distribution of operator-bound pronouns derive from the existence/nonexistence of the pertaining Anti-Minimality inducers in these languages, which in turn reduces to the parametric variations in their configurational structure. Thus English differs from Chinese and Japanese in that only the former has AGR, while Japanese differs from the other two in that it crucially lacks a subject. Hence the strictly limited occurrence of operator-bound pronouns in this language. Since this study shows that the concept of Minimality comes into play for binding as well as for government, it provides further motivation for the reduction of the ECP to the Binding theory.