著者

小澤 純夫 月橋 文孝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.10, pp.710-719, 2009-10-01 (Released:2009-12-10)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

7 12

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The Utility of Stock hypothesis, which assumes that the in-use stock of constructional material is a function of GDP, was formulated and the clear correlation between the world steel stock and the GDP led to the estimation that the world demand for iron ore (primary iron) depends not on the volume of GDP but on the variation of GDP, as already reported. In this study, the world steel stock in use is computed. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to show the effect of lower reliable data such as the usage period (lifetime) of iron-containing final products. Clear correlation is found between the in-use steel stock and the steel stock. Hence, the Utility of Stock hypothesis is verified.

著者

平戸 崇博 醍醐 市朗 松野 泰也 足立 芳寛

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.1, pp.96-101, 2009-01-01

被引用文献数

2 16

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Recently, prices of natural resources have rapidly risen, so recovery of materials from the end-of-life products as secondary resources is of great interest. However, it is generally a challenging task to estimate the in-use stock of materials, especially in developing countries, because of lack of data. In this paper, two approaches, a top-down approach and a bottom-up approach, were adopted for estimating the in-use steel stock in end uses. A top-down approach uses time-series data of consumption and trade of materials and product lifetime data, whereas a bot-tom-up approach uses the numbers of units of a specified product in a designated area and its material intensities. In this paper, the steel stock in Japan divided into six end uses was estimated by the top-down approach. The steel in-use stock in Japan was estimated as approximately 1,000Tg in 2005. Steel stock in automobiles in 2005 was estimated as 105Tg by the bottom-up approach and compared with that estimated as 125Tg by the top-down approach. In addition, applying the bottom-up approach, steel stock used in automobiles in U.S. was estimated and compared with that obtained by the previous research using a top-down approach. Steel stock used in automobiles in 2000 in U.S. was estimated as 480-870Tg by the top-down approach and 754-767Tg by the bottom-up approach. Both approaches have some uncertainties in the parameters used in the estimation. Therefore, complementary use of the two approaches is helpful to estimate in-use stock of materials.

著者

松本 龍太郎 田口 勇 小野 昭紘

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, 1973-03-10

著者

朝生 一夫 狩野 俊之 白石 典久 山浦 茂義

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, 1978-03-03

著者

朝生 一夫 和中 宏樹 飯田 義治 内田 清 狩野 征明 山野辺 二郎 馬場 俊晃

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.4, 1979-03-05

著者

柚原 俊一

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.7, pp.N387-N388, 1995-07-01

著者

秋山 友宏 八木 順一郎

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.12, 1987-09-04

著者

秋山 友宏 高橋 礼二郎 八木 順一郎

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.15, pp.2108-2115, 1987-11-01

被引用文献数

2

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In order to make a clear evaluation of overall energy requirement for the production system of directly reduced iron through pellet from iron ore powders, exergy analysis was applied to the two systems. The first one consists of pelletizing, firing and reduction processes (Fired pellets method) and the second one includes pellets curing process instead of firing process (Cement bonded pellets method). Being compared with enthalpy balance, exergy analysis has two advantages in that the exergy expresses the quality of energy and evaluates different kinds of energy like chemical, thermal, pressure, mixing energies and so on by a unified measure. As a result of exergy analysis, fired pellets lose less exergy than cement bonded pellets in the reduction process in a shaft furnace. As the overall system, however, exergy requirement in the cement bonded pellets method is about 50% of that in the fired pellets method. This marked difference is caused by the large exergy loss in the firing process. Furthermore, exergy loss in the production of cement bonded pellets will be decreased by decreasing the amount of cement added as binder.

著者

八木 順一郎

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.15, 1987-11-01

著者

奥野 利夫

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.1, pp.N23-N24, 1994-01-01

著者

秋山 友宏 八木 順一郎

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.3, pp.177-184, 1996-03-01

被引用文献数

3

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The concept of zero emission of waste material in the manufacturing process has been focussed worldwide for more efficient utilization of fossil fuels and environmental protection. In this study, background and feasibility of symbiotic ironworks based on this concept were discussed from the state-of-the-art technology in catalyst and heat storage/transportation. One possibility is ironworks with methanol industry, in which charged coke is partially replaced by natural gas and the hydrogen-enriched blast furnace offgas (BFG) is used as raw material for methanol synthesis. The results of systematic analysis demonstrated that this system leads to not only exergy saving but also less emission of greenhouse gas (GHG). The key technology is to develop a catalyst for BFG of CO_2-CO-H_2 system. Another one is "urban-symbiotic ironworks", where excess outflow energy from ironworks is efficiently employed as a utility for household affairs. The use of latent heat and reaction heat is being planned in this system for thermal energy recovery and transportation. Possible energy recovery processes for the waste heat remaining in the ironmaking industry was reviewed, together with the detailed concept of 'urban-symbiotic ironworks' as an energy supplier. In particular, the use of phase change materials (PCMs) and of hydrogen storage alloy as the new technologies was fundamentally promising.

著者

不破 祐 萬谷 志郎 戸崎 秀男

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.11, 1969-09-10

著者

永井 忠弘 中川 美男 奥野 嘉雄 草野 祥昌

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.11, 1977-09-05

著者

大村 泰三 佐平 健彰 迫ノ岡 晃彦 米沢 登

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.12, pp.1550-1559, 1976-10-01

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Influence of the minor alloy constituents such as Al, Mn and Si on the hot corrosion behavior of Ni-20Cr-20W-0.07C alloy was studied in 99.995% helium gas at 1000℃, comparing with that behavior of commercial Ni-base superalloys (Hastelloy X and Inconel 617). The low oxidizing potential in the impure helium gas usually causes selective oxidation of these elements and the growth of oxide whiskers on the surface of specimen at elevated temperature. The intergranular attack was caused by selective oxidation of Al, Si and Mn. The spalling of oxide film was restrained by addition of Mn and Si, providing tough spinel type oxide film on the surface and 'Keyes' on the oxide-matrix interface respectively. The amount and the morphology of the oxide whiskers depended on Si and Mn content. More than 0.29% of Si content without Mn always caused the growth of rather thinner whiskers with smooth surface, and the whiskers analyzed by electron diffraction patterns and EPMA to be Cr_2O_3 containing Si. Mn addition changed the whiskers to thicker ones of spinel type oxide (MnCr_2O_1) with rough surface. On the basis of these results, the optimum content of Al, Mn and Si to minimize the growth of whiskers, the intergranular attack and the spalling of oxide film was discussed.

著者

熊谷 正人 内村 良治 吉川 文明 河合 隆成

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, 1981-03-05

著者

薛 佑佳 福島 康裕

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.3, pp.129-137, 2010

被引用文献数

3

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To strategically discuss how steel should be produced, used and recycled, understanding of current and future flow and stock of steel is of high importance. Because steel is used in the society for many years, records in the relevant industries including import and export from the past years are crucial as well as the current up-to-date statistics when illustrating flow and stock of steel in a year. Following the pioneering national flow and stock figures developed in Japan, this paper presents Taiwanese 2006 and 2007 versions of illustration of iron and steel flow, stock, and recycling, as well as list of data sources, estimation method for missing data, prediction method for the future flow and stock and recommendation for future refinement. The methodologies were modified basing on the Japanese method, due to differences in data availability, collection methods and social background of the data. Using a bottom-up approach, stock and obsolete scrap flows are estimated for three major household appliances, <i>i.e.</i> washing machine, refrigerator, and air conditioner. From comparison of the 2006 and 2007 versions, increasing importance of scrap materials in Taiwanese crude steel production and increase of importance of external market can be seen. Increasing the number of steel products covered by bottom up approach and its combination with top-down approach is recommended, as well as the refinement of assumptions from accumulating recorded data to increase completeness of the future versions.

著者

飯田 義治 山本 武美 宮井 直道 朝生 一夫 松野 淳一

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.11, 1978-09-04

著者

清水 正賢 山口 荒太 稲葉 晋一 桑名 昌弘

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.4, 1983-03-01

著者

佐々木 康 石井 邦宜

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.8, pp.419-429, 2002-08

被引用文献数

1

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Molten silicate and aluminosilicate slag structures have been reviewed based on the recent experimental results measured by such as Raman spectroscopy, high temperature NMR, high temperature X ray analysis. The structures of these melts discussed in this review may be summarized as follows : The anionic structure of alkali and alkaline earth oxide-silica binary melts can be considered a mixture of a small number of coexisting anionic units. In terms of stoichiometric expression, these units are described as SiO^<4->_4, Si_2O^<6->_7, SiO^<2->_3, Si_2O^<2->_5 and SiO_2 units. High temperature NMR studies have made it clear that the structures of anionic units are not lasting, but exchange their structures each other very rapidly at high temperature. The structure of aluminosilicate melts is consistent with tetrahedrally coordinated Al^<3+> provided that there is a sufficient supply of metal cations for electrical charge-balance. Electrical charge-balanced alkali aluminosilicate melts consist of three-dimentionally interconnected 6-membered rings of Si and Al tetrahedral units that mix randomly. Electrical charge-balanced alkaline earth aluminosilicate melts probably consist of mixtures of three-dimentionally interconnected rings with no Al^<3+> (six-membered SiO_2-ring), rings with Al/Si=1 (four-membered Al_2Si_2O^<2->_8 rings) and rings with no Si^<4+> (six-membered AlO^<2-> ring). In most Fe bearing silicate melts, ferrous iron is a network modifier (octahedral coordination) while ferric iron works both as a network former (tetrahedral coordination) and as a modifier depended on the slag compositions. Melts along the Na_2SiO_3-NaFeSi_2O_3 (acmite) joins become progressively more polymerized as Fe^<3+> content of the system increases and the end component of acmite melts has a three dimensional network structure.

著者

和佐 泰宏 岡本 陽

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.11, pp.877-882, 2004-11-01

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An automatic ultrasonic inspection system for crank throws of built-up type crankshaft has been developed. Several kinds of UT-probe for each part of throw are used to detect faults in important area. Probe scanning technology with proper contact force and noise eliminate technology are newly developed, so that the stable inspections for all types of throws are realized.