著者

横山 一代 久保 裕也 森 一広 岡田 秀彦 竹内 秀次 長坂 徹也

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.11, pp.683-689, 2006-11-01

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3 18

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In order to make sure the great potential of steelmaking slag as a new phosphorus resource, domestic phosphorus material flow in Japan including iron and steel industry has been investigated based on the statistical data on 2002. It has been demonstrated that phosphorus in the steelmaking slag is almost equivalent with that in the imported phosphate rock in the view points of the amount and the concentration. Phosphorus exists mainly in the form of calcium-phosphate or its solid solution with calcium-silicate rather than the Fe_tO rich liquid phase in the slag and exhibits remarkable segregation in the solidified slag. If the strong magnetic field is applied to the crushed slag, precipitated calcium-phosphate solution phase can be separated from Fe_tO matrix phase due to the large difference of each magnetic property. It has also been indicated by the Waste Input-Output model that the phosphorus recovery from steelmaking slag by the new process proposed in the present work has great environmental and economical benefits.

著者

リーサム A. G. グルックス R. G. 安藤 剛

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.13, 1987-09-04

著者

小林 基伸 西 正明 三橋 博 永山 氏正 安斎 孝儀

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.4, 1983-03-01

被引用文献数

1

著者

大久保 英敏 西尾 茂文

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.4, pp.497-503, 1993-04-01

被引用文献数

1

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To predict mist cooling heat transfer, it is necessary to understand systematically this phenomena. However, since there are many parameters affecting mist cooling heat transfer and the effects of these parameters are very complicated, it is still a difficult task to predict mist cooling heat transfer for actual systems. In the present paper, the effect of surface diameter on mist cooling heat transfer was experimentally investigated. To do this, the diameter of test plates was varied from 10 to 30mm. Mist cooling experiments were conducted for horizontal upward-facing surfaces made of silver. The experimental results obtained in this study show that the diameter of the plate affects the heat transfer coefficient of mist cooling in the high-temperature region corresponding to the film boiling region on the boiling curve. Next, the correlating equations for the heat transfer characteristics of mist cooling in the high-temperature region are developed accounting for the effects of volumetric droplet flow rate and surface parameters including the effect of the surface diameter. These correlating equations are in good agreement with a number of experimental data.

著者

法華津 弘通 西野 和美

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, 1978-03-03

著者

本多 光太郎 竹前 源藏 渡邊 直行

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.10, pp.1047-1057, 1931-10-25

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The purpose of the present investigation was to measure quantitatively the efficiency of a shield plate in resisting penetration by a rifle bullet. A simple, mechanical, and accurate method for determining the velocity of the bullet was devised, by which the velocity of the bullet after passing through test plates of different thickness was measured. By this means the residual velocity vers. plate thickness curve for different metals was obtained. This curve which is called the "characteristic curve" of the shielding efficiency of a metal was obtained for different metals and alloys. The curve not only dives the residual velocity of a bullet after passing throgh a shield plate of a given thickness, but also the thickness of the metal plate which is just sufficient to stop the impinging bullet, on the "penetration distance". The best material found as the result of the present investigation is a special steel, the penetration distance of which is 4.5mm. for a bullet 9 grams in mass and a velocity 790 meters per second. The penetration distance of laminated plates, and of two plates of equal thickness separated from each other by a distance was also measured. The same quantity for wood, sand and glass, of different kinds was also measured.

著者

星野 和夫

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.8, pp.998-1005, 1983-06-01

被引用文献数

1 3

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The flow stress (σ) of unstable austenitic stainless steels is studied by comparing stable austenitic and martensitic stainless steels. (1) The root of dislocation density (√<ρ>) obtained by X-ray analysis in stable γ-phase increases with strain (ε) and the expression of ε as a function of √<ρ> is parabolic. √<ρ> of γ phase mixed with deformation-induced martensite (α′) increases with the root of α′ phase volume fraction (V_<α′^<1/2>>) in addition to the above relation. (2) σ of unstable steels is intermediate of the values caluculated by "equal stress model" and "equal strain model" and it becomes to take the values estimated by equal strain model with increase of α′-phase. In this case, the higher the strength of α′ phase is and the larger the volume of α′ phase is, the higher is the ununiformity of strain between γ and γ′ phase. In the case that the strength of α′phase is almost the same, the smaller the volume of γ′ phase is, the smaller is the ununiformity of strain between γ and α′phase. (3) σ is affected not only by the volume but also by the strength of α′ phase and inversely plastic flow depresses α′-transformation to inhibit the enhancement of higher σ values due to high strength of α′-phase.

著者

鵜野 達二 神原 健二郎 本間 悦郎

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.10, pp.479-485, 1950-10

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We studied the oxidation equilibrium of the reactions 3FeS+10CO_2&rlarr;Fe_3O_4+3SO_2+10CO MnS+3CO_2&rlarr;MnO+SO_2+3CO at 690&acd;890℃ and 600&acd;1000℃ respectively, by following method. Obtained the following equations for each reaction. Log K_<FeS>=Log p^<10>CO・P^3so_2/p^<10>CO_2=-52, 669.7/T+22.43 Log K_<MnS>=Log p^3CO・PSO_2/p^3CO_2=-18, 290.6/T+8.28 From this result calculated the equilibrium constant of the following reactions FeS+3CO_2&rlhar;FeO+SO_2+3CO FeS+2CO_2&rlarr;Fe+SO_2+2CO and obtained the following equations Log K_<FeO>=Log P^3CO・PSO_2/P^3CO_2=-18, 112.6/T+8.14 Log K_<Fe>=Log P^2CO・PSO_2/P^2CO_2=-17, 209.8/T+7.04 From these results obtained the equilibrium diagram between pco/pco_2 and pso_2 over ferrous sulphide.

著者

大橋 徹郎 広本 健 藤井 博務 塗 嘉夫 浅野 鋼一

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.6, pp.614-623, 1976-05-01

被引用文献数

5

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As a part of the study on the effect of oxides on heterogenuous nucleation during iron solidification, the effects of Al_2O_3, SiO_2, and rare earth oxides were examined, by measuring the critical supercooling of 300 g electrolytic iron under special slag in a Tammann furnace. The following results have been obtained. 1) The critical supercooling for heterogenuous nucleation is remarkably lowered than that of homogenuous nucleation. This value is 3℃ by the addition of R.E.M, and this is extremely small when compared with 14℃ by Al_2O_3, 30℃ by SiO_2, and 53℃ by MnO. 2) The heterogenuous nucleating potency of oxide catalyzers is dependent upon the difference of interfacial energy between the oxide substrate and δ-Fe. This interfacial energy can be theoretically explained by the disregistry between both crystals.

著者

岩瀬 正則 三木 伸一 竹下 博司 盛 利貞

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.11, 1976-09-03

著者

山本 普康 馬場 勘次 柿本 純忠 石原 明 吾郷 康人 新留 照英 稲葉 光延

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.3, pp.388-394, 1993-03-01

被引用文献数

1

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A demand of quality improvement for flatness and edge-drop has been recently increasing in cold rolling of steel strip. The accurate control systems of strip shape and edge-drop have been developed for the new tandem cold rolling mill in Yawata Works, which has 5 stands of 6 Hi-UC・WR shift mill. The control system of strip shape consists of the initial set-up for roll benders, intermediate roll shifts of all stands, a feedback control for roll benders and roll levelling of No.5 stand by using signals of the shape meter which is installed at the exit of No.5 stand. The control system of edge-drop consists of the initial set-up for work roll shifts of No.1&acd;4 stands and the feedforward control for work roll shifts of No.1&acd;4 stands by using signals of the crown meter which is installed at the entry of No.1 stand. Application of these control systems to the new tandem cold mill shows the good controllability of flatness and edge-drop in cold rolling of steel strip. The strip flatness is within ±0.7% of inclination in an overall length of strip, and the accuracy of edge-drop is 1.2μm in average and within ±3μm in an overall length of strip.

著者

宇治澤 優 中野 薫 松倉 良徳 砂原 公平 小松 周作 山本 高郁

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.12, pp.1015-1021, 2006-12-01

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The technology which reduces the reducing agent rate by the improvement in the reaction efficiency of blast furnace leads to reduction of hot metal manufacturing cost, but also solution of recent CO_2 emission reduction. The subjects for achievement of the blast furnace operation with low reducing agent rate were described on reduction measures of the carbon consumption and problem of the measures referring to the example of reducing agent rate of the present state blast furnace concerning blast operation and reactive improvement. And, carried out concrete measures were introduced in order to aim at the low reducing agent rate operation. The following results were obtained. 1) Since it has reached the already high reaction efficiency in present state blast furnace, it is not easy to attempt further reduction of the reducing agent rate. 2) The blast furnace use of high reactivity coke or reduced iron is equal level or over it in comparison with the reduction effect by the assumed blast operation in this paper. 3) The promotion of coke reaction load with the gasification is worried, when it aims at the low reducing agent rate operation by the high reactivity coke use. 4) It is estimated that the threshold also exists for the reducibility of competing ore, when it aims at the low reducing agent rate operation using the high reactivity coke. 5) The use of the low SiO_2 sinter is effective for the improvement on the permeability in the blast furnace, when it aims at the low fuel rate operation. However, the new technology of the permeability improvement is desired, since there is some a limit for low SiO_2 of the sintered ore, when future raw material supply and demand is considered.

著者

水上 英夫 林 宏太郎 沼田 光裕 山中 章裕

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.9, pp.457-466, 2011-09-01 (Released:2011-09-06)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

1 8

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Solid–liquid interfacial energy of steel during solidification was measured predicted from the both experimental techniques of unidirectional solidification and thermal analysis applying the dendrite growth model and heterogeneous nucleation model. Solid–liquid interfacial energy changed depending on primary phase during solidification, i.e., that of primary δ phase was larger than that of γ phase. When the primary phase was the same, solid–liquid interfacial energy increased with increasing carbon content. Primary dendrite arm spacing changed depending on solid–liquid interfacial energy. A trace amount of bismuth which had the effect of a decrease in the solid–liquid interfacial energy of steel during solidification decreased primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing, significantly.

著者

中本 伊佐雄 斉藤 恕 豊田 敏夫 水牧 勝美

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.11, pp.1161-1166, 1955-11-01

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As the first step of the studies on the production of calcium silicide, the authors investigated the composition both of slags and inclusions in it and obtained the following results ; (1) Slags produced by CaO as well as CaC_2 method always gave a higher value over 100% as the sum of analytical fractions and their properties were very different from those to be considered from the values. But we found that the properties did not depend upon the metallic particles. (2) SiC in the slags of CaO-SiO_2-SiC-CaC_2-C system was easily determinable by our method in which the sample was heated in air at 800±20℃ for several hours before analysis of SiC. (3) From the results obtained by this method, the slags of the above two kinds contained 10&acd;20% SiC and the sum obtained by the usual method could be deduced approximately to 100%. (4) In conclusions we found that a fact had been overlooked that a considerable quantity of SiC was dispersing and followed when the slag was tapping out from the furnace on the normal operations. Moreover the behaviour of SiC was discussed metallurgically.

著者

高山 透 日野谷 重晴 石黒 三岐雄 黒澤 文夫 安原 久雄 源内 規夫 千野 淳 九津見 啓之 儀賀 義勝 助信 豊 内山 雅夫 石井 実

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.147-152, 1996-02-01

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The method for isolation and determination of TiN and (Ti, Nb)(C, N) precipitated in Nb-Ti bearing steels has been investigated in the cooperative research of the Precipitate Analysis Subcommittee of Iron and Steel Analysis Committee of Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. Also, the precipitation behavior of TiN and (Ti, Nb)(C, N) in the steels has been studied. The results are summarized as follows ; (1) TiN, (Ti, Nb)(C, N) and other precipitates were extracted by potentiostatic or galvanostatic electrolysis in 10% acetylacetone-1% tetramethylammonium chloride-methanol electrolyte. (2) Only the TiN in the above mentioned precipitates was insoluble and remained by 60℃-10% bromine-methanol solution treatment. Consequently, the amount and composition of TiN and (Ti, Nb)(C, N) could be determined quantitatively by analysis of the residues extracted by using the method of (1) and the residues after this treatment. (3) The size of TiN was several micrometers, the amount of TiN did not change with heating temperatures between 1000 and 1250℃, and the atomic ratio of Ti to N was stoichiometrically one to one. (4) Total amount of Ti and Nb in the precipitates decreased with an increase in heating temperature, because the small size of (Ti, Nb)(C, N) dissolved. (5) Both lattice constant and composition changes in (Ti, Nb)(C, N) showed that Nb and C dissolved preferably into the matrix and the composition of the precipitates approached to that of TiN with an increase in heating temperature. (6) Such behavior of precipitates agreed well with rough calculation from the solubility products.

著者

明石 正恒 見城 孝雄 川本 輝明

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.10, pp.A185-A188, 1982-08-01

著者

星 秀夫 佐々木 稔

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.103-107, 2005-01-01

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Following research into methods for making practical use of Japanese swords, the following points were noted, (1)Upon examination of the forging face, it was found that the microstructure, hardness, and residual stress differed (2) In order to discover more about clad forging, a pre-heat treatment of the full annealing process was necessary (3) Especially in the core steel, non-metallic inclusion was noted in the area of the sharp side of sword (4)Upon examination of sample A, B, and C, all were found to contain pure material, the sample C however had high amount of Ti, Ca and V (5) Ordinary a core hardness of Hv 200 is obtained by addig O 1% C while quenching, however, an edge hardness of Hv 700〜800 can be easily obtained by the addition of 0 5〜0 6% carbon (6) Compared to other research materials, sample C had a low residual stress after compressive stress, however, sample C showed signs of past tempering and grinding that may account for the low residual stress It is assumed not to be an error in measurement (7) Upon examination of the microstructure, the central portion of the sword showed overheating in low carbon steel ferrite Follow-up research on old and new sword should include the traditional Japanese sword virtues of strength, cutting ability, and flexibility

著者

岩切 治久 北村 雅司 阿部 利雄 西田 清二 山本 勲

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.10, pp.A147-A150, 1986-08-01

著者

小澤 純夫 月橋 文孝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.12, pp.706-713, 2010-12-01 (Released:2010-12-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

4

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The Utility of Stock hypothesis, which assumes that an in-use stock of constructional material is a function of GDP, was formulated and a clear correlation between the world steel stock and the world GDP led to the estimation that the world demand for iron ore (primary iron) depends not on the volume of GDP but on the variation of GDP, as already reported. It also became clear that the flow of primary iron has the controlling effect on the world production of crude steel. In this study, the prediction power of the Utility of Stock hypothesis is verified. Based on the verification, the global demand for iron source until 2050 is projected by deciding a world 1-region model.

著者

小澤 純夫 林 誠一 月橋 文孝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.6, pp.522-530, 2009-06-01 (Released:2009-08-15)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

4 5

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To forecast iron source demand, the Intensity of Use hypothesis, which assumes that material consumption per capita is a function of GDP per capita, is the most dominant theory in existing studies. However, this hypothesis is not effective for a world one-region model of iron sources. Therefore, we focused our attention on utility, and we suppose that economic growth is a major driver to increase the utility. As the utility of steel sustains for ages after purchase, we formulate the Utility of Stock hypothesis, which assumes that the in-use steel stock is a function of GDP. In this study, the world steel stock was computed and the Utility of Stock hypothesis was tested. Clear correlation is found between the steel stock and the GDP. It leads to the estimation that the world demand for iron ore depends not on the volume of GDP but on the variation of GDP. For the first time with total world figures, the result enables us to rationalize the recent decoupling between the world growth of iron source demand and the economic growth.