著者

松坂 正

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.345-352, 1969 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

13

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The influenza vaccine now used is of an aqueous type : it causes many side-effects mainly consisting of influenza-like symptoms on inoculation, and its immune value is kept merely for a short period of time : thus, there are some problems to use the said vaccine . While, the mineral-oil adjuvant vaccine which has been developed from the standpoint of the immune effect is excellent in its effectiveness, but it has also some problems on using practically, as it causes induration including the carcinogenes due to mineral oil. The author examined the results of a metabolizable adjuvant vaccine in a field experiment, as it can be developed according to the success of making sesame oil adjuvant . Treatment of the virus with ether, which is presumed to be developed in future, was also examined. The vaccines examined and compared were five ; that is, an aqueous vaccine (Plain-V), its ether-treated one (ET-Plain-V), two sesame oil vaccines (Meta-V, ET-Meta-V .), and a mineral-oil vaccine (Mine-V). 1. The influenza-like symptoms due to side-effects appeared less with Plain-V, ET-Plain-V and Mine-V. 2. Redness was seen similarly with the five vaccines, but induration was hardly observed with Plain-V, ET-Plain-V, Meta-V, and ET-Meta-V. 3. The HI value was observed : 3 months after inoculation, Meta-V and ET-Meta-V showed the antibody value the same to that of Plain-V one month after inoculation ; thus, the former two exhibited a prolonged effect, which was however inferior to that of Mine-V. 4. The ether-treated vaccine was not so effective as expected in this experiment . Judging from the above results, the sesame-oil adjuvant vaccine can be employed instead of the vaccine now used.

著者

弓桁 亮介 角田 直也 堀川 浩之

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.3, pp.75-81, 2015 (Released:2015-07-10)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the part difference of change of body fat in Japanese young women. Subjects were 142 healthy female university students who were living in a dormitory. In particular, 21 subjects who showed the remarkable increased percentage of total body fat were grouped as the increase group. 24 subjects who showed the remarkable decreased percentage of total body fat were grouped as the decrease group. Body weight, total and regional body fat and muscle volume were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Each item was measured for two times in June and December.The difference of change in the percentage of body fat of a trunk showed the highest value in parts of the body. The difference of change in the percentage of body fat of an arm was higher than that of a leg.From these results, the part difference existed to a change of the body fat. It was suggested that the part in which body fat tends to increase is the part in which it tends to decreases.

著者

池見 猛

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3-4, pp.301-314, 1935-07-20 (Released:2010-11-19)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

井上 善十郎 遠藤 眞三

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.4, pp.315-339,en1, 1937-11-15 (Released:2010-11-19)

参考文献数

30

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本調査は日本學術振興會第八小委員會の昭和十一年度に於ける研究の一部分にして、同年六月二十日現在の樺太アイヌの人口につき考察せるものにして、最も信を置くに足るものと信ず。本調査に關しては樺太長官始め、各方面の盡力に依る事多大にして、本機會に於て深甚の謝意を表するものである。

著者

秋山 房雄 武藤 志真子 中根 孝子 渡辺 久子

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1-2, pp.1-12, 1977 (Released:2012-02-17)

参考文献数

23

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This is the second part of the study on famines, epidemics, socio-economic conditions, and combinations of these before the Meiji era. The great famine in the Tenmei period (1781-88) was discussed. The development of land, advance in commerce and alterations in agricultural policy were closely related to the disaster of famines. During the Tenmei famine, about a half a million people died in Oou district where the weather had been cold and the local government system was misguided. Although three fouth of deaths were caused by malignant influenza, death rate varied considerably from sex, age, social class, feudal clan and characteristics of area such as fishing village, farm village, city, etc. The severity of famine seemed to deter mine the severity of epidemics of diseases.

著者

李 廷秀

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.11-13, 2013 (Released:2013-04-10)

著者

向笠 廣次 岡部 重穗 古賀 節郎

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.5, pp.355-398, 1941-11-30 (Released:2010-11-19)

参考文献数

31

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Im Oktober und November 1940 wurden psychiatrische Zensusuntersuchungen in einigen japanischen Inzuchtgebieten durchgeführt. Urn die Einflüsse der Inzucht auf Psychosenhäufigkeit zu finden, wurden gleichzeitig die Inzuchtgrade der betreffenden Bevökerung untersucht. Diese Untersuchungen werden in mehreren Gebieten noch weiter fortgesetzt. Hier berichten Verff.. vorläufig über die Ergebnisse in bis heute erforschten drei Zählbezirken, welche durch Jahrhunderte lang deuernde Inzucht charakterisiert sind.

著者

藤野 隆雄

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.5-6, pp.158-170,A11, 1958 (Released:2010-11-19)

参考文献数

29

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Researches on the taste-blindness tRo P. T. C. were first taken up by A. L. Fox in 1931, and since then many valuable reports have been published.The author has the pleasure to add here his study. Healthy Japanese of both sexes, 2281 in number, aged from eleven to eighty years, were examined with three test substances-henyl-tho-carbamide, lactose and aspirin.The results obtained are as follows.1, The percentage frequency of taste-blind persons, including so-called weak-tasters who are supposed to be almost near to taste-blindness, to P. T. C. was 11.09%, lactose 4.82%, and to aspirin 18.8%.2. In the percentages of tasters to each of these three substances, the sexual difference is statistically not significant3. No relation between taste-blindness and unbalanced feeding habit has been found.

著者

大牟羅 良

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.6, pp.407-414, 1969 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

床次 徳二

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.58-66, 1941-06-10 (Released:2010-11-19)

著者

淀川 尚子 徳永 淳也 丸谷 美紀 波多野 浩道

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.5, pp.183-202, 2016-09-30 (Released:2016-10-31)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

1

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This study aimed to characterize the effects on vegetable consumption caused by mother-child food neophobia and their dietary communication, both of which have a great influence on the child’s eating behavior. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted in elementary and junior high school students who had regular dental visits and their mothers, and 193 subjects were analyzed. Items included in the questionnaire were largely basic attributes and food neophobia of the mother and child, likes and dislikes, triggers of the child’s food aversion, eating habits, mother-child communication about eating habits, frequency of vegetable intake, and preference. Multiple regression analysis determined that food neophobia of the child, experience of forced feeding by the parents, and experience of forced feeding by teachers had a significant positive influence on the likes and dislikes of children, while joint eating behavior with the mother and conversation at table with friends, child age had a significant negative influence. As the factors influencing the number of vegetables the child cannot eat, likes and dislikes of the child, mother’s preference for new food, and the number of vegetables the mother cannot eat had a significant positive influence. In contrast, food neophobia of the child had a significant negative influence. Mother-child food neophobia can affect eating behavior, specifically holding the key to vegetable consumption or non-consumption. The study results suggest that when eating habit guidance is provided emphasis should be placed on joint eating behavior of the mother and child such as food-related conversation, shopping, cooking, and vegetable cultivation, which are considered to be effective in decreasing the likes and dislikes of children, and interventions to enhance dietary communication, for example conversation at table with friends.

著者

松山 恒明

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.61-67, 1972 (Released:2011-10-21)

参考文献数

14

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Since the 1920's, there has been a slow fluctuating upward trend in primary sex ratio (ratio of males to females at birth) in Japan. The factors :concerned with the rise of sex ratio have been analyzed by using the vital statistics and other data for the period from 1947-1969. There is no evidence indicating that the age of the mother or the birth order are contributing factors causing an increase in the ratio. The recent decrease in still birth rate suggests a possible relation with the increase of the sex ratio at birth. Provided that the ratio of the number of still births to that of live births were the same in the periods of 1955-64 and of 1965-69, the extent to which the sex ratio at birth in 1955-64 would be modified was calculated. By this calculation, the modified sex ratio at birth in 1955-64 was 106.2, in contrast the actual value was 105.8. The correlation between the sex ratio at birth and some social indices by prefectures has been examined in the respective periods of 1960-64 and 1965-69. For both periods, signifi cant correlation coefficients were obtained between the sex ratio at birth and the rate of hospitalization at delivery. Only in 1960-64, social indices as the percentage of employed persons in primary indust ries to total employees, the "MYNRYOKU" index (synthetic index of socioeconomic indices) and the percentage of women workers to total employees were significantly correlated with the sex ratio at birth by prefectures.

著者

加用 信憲

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.31-33, 1964 (Released:2010-06-28)

被引用文献数

2 2

著者

針生 敏雄

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.284-299,A21, 1960 (Released:2010-11-19)

参考文献数

11

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仙台市内小・中学校児童・生徒について,その発育(身長・体重・胸囲)と運動能力(走・跳・投・懸垂力)・知能(I.Q.)との関係を検討した.I.身長・体重・胸囲各々について,之を大・中・小の3群に分けて,運動能力・知能を比較すると,11才の男女・14才男に於ては身長についても,体重についても,胸囲についても其の大・中・小群の順に走・跳・投力は何れも劣るが,懸垂力は11才男女では逆順を示し,14才男では走・跳・投力と同様に正順を示す.然しその大・中群間には有意差を認めない.14才の女に於ては,11才男女及び14才男と趣を異にし,身長と走力の関係のみ正順で,跳力は明かに逆順を示し,投力も大体逆順関係である.而して体重・胸囲に於ては走・跳・投力何れも其の関係が乱れて有意差を示さない.懸垂力は,身長に於ては一定の関係を示さないが,体重・胸囲に於ては大なる群ほど劣り,明かに逆順を示す.I.Q.については,身長では11才・14才男女総て身長の大なる群ほど優れている.然し女の大・中群間の差のみは11才・14才ともに有意と云い得ない.体重では,身長の場合と全く同様であるが,この場合は男11才の中・小群の差及び女11才・14才の大・中群の差には有意性が見られない.胸囲では,一定の傾向を認め得ないが,11才では男女とも大群が概して優れ,14才では男女とも小群が他群より明かに劣つている.II.発育と運動能力・知能との関係を,出生月令及び身長又は体重因子の影響を除外した第2次の相関係数について検討した.走力は身長に対し11才・14才,男女総て正相関を示し,殊に14才の女に於て相関の程度が強い.体重に対しては11才では男女とも明かな相関は見られず,14才では男は正相関,女は負相関を示す.胸囲に対しては11才男では正相関,14才女では負相関を見るが,11才女と14才男では相関々係を証明し得なかつた.跳力は身長に対し11才の男女と14才の女では正相関を示すが,14才の男では低い負の相関を示す.体重に対しては11才・14才の男のみ正相関を示し,11才の女では何らの相関を見ず,14才の女では負相関が見られる.而して14才男の正相関は特に顕著であつた.胸囲に対しては14才男に於て正相関が見られるのみである.投力は身長に対して11才の男女・14才の男女総て極めて低いが正相関があるものの様である.体重に対しては男に於てのみ正相関を示し,女では相関を認め難い.胸囲に対しても体重に於けると同様に男に於てのみ正相関を見る.懸垂力は身長に対し11才の男女及び14才の女に於ては相当の正相関を示すが,14才の男に於ては相関が見られない.体重に対しては身長の場合とは逆に11才の男女及び14才の女に於て相当程度の負相関を示すが,14才の男では低い正相関が見られる.胸囲に対しては体重の場合と大体同様に11才の男女及び14才の女では負相関が見られるが,その程度は体重の場合より極めて低い.而して14才の男では体重に於けると同様に低いながら正相関が見られる.I.Q.については,I.Q.そのものが既に月令的考慮が加えられているので零次の相関そのまゝであるが,身長に対しては11才の男女・14才の男女総て正相関を示す.体重に対しては14才女を除き総て低いながら正相関を示す.胸囲に対しては14才男のみ明かに正相関を示すが,14才女では0.12±0.050(P<0.05)の正相関であり,11才では男女ともに相関を見ない.最後に極めて概括的な結論を試みるならば同一生年月の者でも身体発育の良好な者は一般に其の運動能力及び知能の発達も良い傾向が認められる.然し此の傾向は発育完成に近ずくと低下するものゝ様である.

著者

福田 邦三

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.94-98, 1978 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

5

著者

佐々木 鶴二

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.5-6, pp.343-391,en1, 1935-12-20 (Released:2010-11-19)

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I have principally studied juvenile delinquents who were taken into reformatories; and the causes of their errors which were fund chiefly in their heredity and environment. The various results of my investigatim lespecting their heredity revealed that there were many insane or feeble-minded persons, Erni confirmed criminals among their cloae relatives. They seem to have inherited many defects from their parents, such as congenital weak character and mental degeneration. Especially, syphilis hereditaria was proved in 19.9% by means of Wasserman's reaction. The result of mental test proved none of very supe for and supeiior: only 3.1% were high average, 16.9 % were average, 42.1% low average, 27.8 % were inferior, and 9.8 % were very inferior. These figures show us that there are very few of the high intellcctual among them, but they are generally inferior in that respect.The study of their environment shows that many of them came from poor families. The most remarkable fact 13 that many of them are orphans. Those who are not in orphanage hold totally only 30.5%. Only a few were brought up by their parents, and the rest were separate from thcm by death or other circumstances. Those who were separated from their parents at an early age were generally found to talce a poorer course in inverse proportion to their ages. Only 8.6% had good friends, the rest had none or only vicious ones. Thus we can easily judge that they are greatly tempted by vicious companions. Their school recorie were generally poorerthan the; r Inte ligence quotient. This is perhaps due to their family conditions and individualities. Among the delinquents there were also many who were suffering from urinal incoltinance in sleep; those who were not suffering from it over five years of age, were only 32.6%. As for their blood groups, they agreed w th those of the Japanese in general, and no Sfseciality was found about them. If there were any relation between the blood groups and their dispositions, as is insisted upon by some scholars, there must be to some extent any Peculiarity in blood groups of juvenile delinquents but thies was not to find.With regard to the immediate causes of their crimes, the needs of money to spend on sweets and to visit cinemas, were the most general; the temptation of vicious friends, idleness, and degeneration came next in number; and some of them were also found to be delinquent after having been brought up in an indulgent way, or with excessive reproaches. As for the order of their birth, it seems that first born children were in the majority, but comparatively few were found among the eldests and the youngests when there were more than two in a family; and many were found in children who were in the middle among childerns of the same paren

著者

須藤 茉衣子 笹川 恵美 吉朝 加奈 松崎 良美 松本 亜紀 三砂 ちづる

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.4, pp.156-165, 2016-07-31 (Released:2016-08-29)

参考文献数

13

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Objective:We investigated at which age children who started caregiver-assisted toilet training (diaperless child care) under age 1 stopped needing diapers.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study using a self-administered mailed questionnaire in Tokyo be tween April and May 2012. The participants were mothers who started toilet training their children under age 1. At the time of the study, the children had to be ≥2 years old. Questionnaires were dis tributed to 175 mothers, and data from 125 were analyzed.Results:A total of 116 (92.8%) children stopped needing diapers during the day, and the mean age of the chil dren who did not rely on diapers was 21 months. Mean age did not significantly differ by characteris tics such as childʼs or the motherʼs age, family structure, or employment situation. However, it tend ed to be related to the frequency of using paper diapers and age of starting diaperless childcare.Discussion:An increase in the number of children using diapers at 3 years of age has been reported in recent years. However, the mean age at which children in this study did not rely on diapers during the day was <2 years. Our findings suggest that early caregiver-assisted toilet training can facilitate indepen dent toileting in children.

著者

石野 晶子

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.6, pp.208-216, 2016-11-30 (Released:2016-12-26)

参考文献数

27

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Questionnaires were administered to parents of children eligible to receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to assess changes in parents’ awareness of the HPV vaccine and their needs regarding the vaccine after reports of its serious adverse events in the media. Parents lacked sufficient awareness of cervical cancer and no difference in awareness level was seen after the reports. However, a difference was seen in parents’ awareness of HPV vaccination after the reports of adverse events. This is thought to be because parents did not receive consistent information before and after the reports of the adverse events and because they had always been subconsciously concerned about the vaccination, due to a lack of sufficient awareness of the HPV vaccine. In particular, parents’ concern about side effects was the factor accounting for the difference in their awareness regarding HPV vaccination for children. This suggests that it is necessary to establish measures for providing parents with consistent information and knowledge on HPV vaccine.

著者

竹内 昌平 山内 武紀 黒田 嘉紀

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.1, pp.17-22, 2014 (Released:2014-03-28)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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The spread of influenza depends on contact among people. Contact rates are known to vary depending on the combination of age groups, which means that the age structure of a population affects the spread of influenza. We herein report how future changes in the population structure of Miyazaki Prefecture, a rural region in Japan, will affect the potential spread of influenza. We also report the results of an investigation on how future fertility changes will modify the potential spread through changes in the population structure. The basic reproduction number (R0) was used as an indicator of spread. The future population structure was projected by the cohort component method. Age-group-specific contact rates were obtained by a questionnaire survey. We found that the R0 of a new type of influenza will not change over the next 100 years if vital statistics remain constant (Scenario 0). If the total fertility rate increases by 10% or 25% from 1.7 (the level in 2011), the R0 in 2111 will be higher than that in Scenario 0. These results suggest that fertility recovery, an urgent demographic policy target in Japan, has the potential to increase the spread of influenza.

著者

窪田 義信

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.5-6, pp.93-106,A7, 1953 (Released:2010-11-19)

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Studies have been made since 1948 with regard to 201 white American-Japanese and 66 Negro-Japanese hybrids who were found in the vicinity of Tokyo and in the Prefecture of Kanagawa. They were all under 6 years of age, and thier mothers were invariably Japanese.1) Blood type. Of the white American-Japanese hybrids, those having A type blood represent a high percentage (49.5 percent), inasmuch as that blood type accounts for a large majority of both the whites and the Japanese. The figures for B and O types respectively stand about half-way between the corresponding figures for the two races. The average racial index of blood of the white American-Japanese hibrids is 2.93, showing a European type, while the Japanese index stands at 1.53 and always retains the Asian type. a The racial serologic point of the hybrids, as Figure No. 1. shows, stands at about the middle between the two races, though slightly trending to the left -side. (Table 1)2) Type of finger marks. The Japanese pattern is characterized by a small percentage of arches (1.8 percent) and a large percentage of loops (48 percent). Hybrids show a considerably high percentage of arches (4.9 per cent), which approaches to the figure for the white race (5.2 percent). Similar influence of the when type is also perceived. Likewise the racial pattern index (W/R+U) of the hybrids comes in the neighborhood of the average for the two races, i. e. 77.3, with the Japanese index standing at 85 and the index for the white at 51. As regards proportion of ulnar loops and whorl, the larger per cent of the native Japanese belongs to 5W and a smaller per cent to 5U. These ratio is reversed in the case of Europeans. The hybrids appear to possess mixed traits of both races. The U2W3 accounts for the highest percentage. (Fig. 2) (Table 2, 3)3) Mongolian spot. The percentage of revelition, in the case of hybrids, is one-third of the figure for native Japanese. In the first year after birth, the spot appears highest in 45 per cent of hybrid, as against 99.5 per cent of the native Japanese babies. More notable is the fact that the spot in the case of hybrid babies is of lighter color, smaller in size and, as shown in Tables No. 3, 4, Fig. 3, disappears sooner, generally by the age of 4.4) Color of skin. By comparison with the Hintze's Color Table, we have ascertained that, on the one hand, the skin of American-Japanese hybrids is 13 per cent whiter than that of pure Japanese, but is 2.4 per cent less white than that of the white race, and, on the other, it is 16 per cent less dark than that of pure Japanese, but is 4 per cent darker than that of the white race. Namely in color, it is very near to that of white and is almost devoid of the characteristic yellowish shade. As for Negro-Japanese hybrids, they have a skin intermediate in color between that of the Japanese native and the Negro: (Table 7).5) Color and form of hair. About half (52.2 percent) of American-Japanese hybrids have black hair, and 11 per cent hair of lighter color, mostly brunette rather than blond of the white race. The hair of Negro-Japanese hybrids is mostly black, (86 percent) but it is sometimes blond (6.2 percent). (Table 7)The hair of 60 per cent of American-Japanese hybrids is straight and that of 14 per cent slightly curled. As a whole, their hair is more wavy in form than it is intermediate between the hair forms of the two races, while the Japanese have straight hair with some exception. Of the Negro-Japanese hybrids, 15.8 per cent have straight hair and 38 per cent slightly curled hair form, showing a marked increase in the Japanese form as the result of this race mixture. (Table 8)