著者

上村 桂

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.59-65, 1975 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

7

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The twinning rates in 46 Prefectures of Japan were calculated from the vital statistic data in the period 1955.1959. The zygosity of twins was estimated by the Weinberg's differential method. The twinning rates increased from a low level in the southwest of Japan to a high level in the northeast. The tendency was more definite in the dizygotic twinning rate than in the monozygotic one. In old times of Japan, there had been a superstition of abhorring twin births . To investigate whether the tradition has been transmitted down to the postwar time or not, correlation-coefficients between the twinning rates of 46 Prefectures and their parameters which might affect the registration of twin births were figured out . The mediate parameters were the decreasing magnitude of the crude birth rate in the year of "Hinoe-Uma", the proportion of the delayed registrations of live births to total ones, the percent of the unlike-sexed-to total twins, and the proportion of the stillbirth-to live-birth twins . No result supported the fact that the superstition has affected the registration of twin births in the postwar era of Japan. Relationship between the twinning rate and the maternal age at birth was also analyzed during 19601967 in Japan. Although the monozygotic twinning rate seemed to have no relation, the dizygotic one showed a high maternal age dependence. The tendency was analogous to those reported in other ethnic groups. The author express his appreciation to Dr. G. Watanabe for his advice .

著者

矢ケ崎 信子 豊川 裕之

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.100-112, 1989 (Released:2011-02-25)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

5 6

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The subcutaneous fat thickness was investigated to obtain the general characteristics of Japanese fat distribution by sex and age. Our subjects consist of 1, 477 males and 1, 933 females of all age groups in various localities in Japan. The newly developed A-mode type ultrasonic instrument was utilized to measure fat thickness including such locations as biceps, triceps, subscapula, suprailiac, thigh anterior, thigh posterior, and calf. The data obtained were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and percentile. Our findings are summarized as follows: 1) It is confirmed that the subcutaneous fat layer of females is thicker than that of males. 2) Examining the ratio of upper-arm and trunk in subcutaneous fat layer, i.e. (biceps+triceps)/(subscapula + suprailiac), the adults' ratios are smaller than those of infants, and adult males accumulate more fat abdominally than adult females do. 3) The percentiles we obtained will provide the criteria for subcutaneous fat thickness of the Japanese by sex and age.

著者

清水 勝嘉

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.72-86, 1976 (Released:2011-02-25)

参考文献数

33

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In this papes, administrative orpanization for public health, tuberculosis control and prevention of venereal disease, which had been involved in the problems of public health in the early years of the Showa Era, were discribed. 1. In those days, public health administration had been centrlized to the Health Bureau and Social Bureau of the Ministry of Home Affairs, and they gave their instructions to the Public Health Section of the Prefectural Police Department. Countermeasures for the chronic infectious diseases were the most imoprtant problems at that time. 2. The mortality from tuberculosis in Japan was two or three times higher than that of Western countris, and there were poor and insufficient preventive facilites in all over the country. It was epock making in 1932 that the Health Guidance Clinic were established in every prefectures in order to prevent against tuberculosis by the subsides offered from NHK (Nihon Hoso Kyokai), but not by the national budget. 3. Licenced and unlicened prostitute, geisha, waitress and barmaid had been the major contagion source of venreal disease. Legal inspection system for the syphilis was forcibly applied only to the licenced prostitutes, but the others took the medical check only when they were arrested. Since 1928, when the original Venereal Disease Prevention Law enforced, all prostitures, streetwalkers, geishas, barmaids and waitresses have forcibly taken medical check for the venereal disease.

著者

安川 通雄

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.65-74, 1996-03-31 (Released:2011-02-25)

参考文献数

32

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1)本研究の目的は,体脂肪率の増大に伴って身体各部位の皮脂厚がどのような割合で付着しているか,また,体脂肪率および身長調整周囲値(身長当たりの各部位の周囲値)と皮脂厚値の分布状態を,Aモード式超音波皮脂厚計で測定した皮脂厚値と水中体重測定法で求めた体脂肪率との関係から横断的に検討した.本研究の被験者は,18歳から49歳までの健康な白人男性60名および女性52名の計112名であった.皮脂厚の測定部位は,肩甲骨下角部,腹部,腸骨稜上部,上腕二頭筋部,上腕三頭筋部および大腿前部の計6部位とした. 2)本研究のすべての被験者の水中体重法による体脂肪率の平均値は男性が11.7±4.1%,女性が21.4±5.3%であった.体脂肪率の増大に伴って皮脂厚値の増加形成は,男女共に腹部が最も大きな値を示した.次いで,男性が腸骨稜上部,大腿前部,肩甲骨下角部,上腕三頭筋部および上腕二頭筋部の順となり,女性が腸骨稜上部,大腿前部,上腕三頭筋部,肩甲骨下角部および上腕二頭筋部の順となった. 3)皮脂厚の分布状態をみると,体脂肪率および身長調整周囲値が増大するのに伴って男女共に皮脂厚が増大するという傾向は認められなかった.特に腹部の皮脂厚値は,男女共に他のどの測定部位よりも大きなばらつきが観察された.すなわち,同じ体脂肪率でかつ同じ身長調整周囲値を有する被験者であっても,腹部の皮脂厚値は大きくばらついた. 4)以上のような腹部の皮脂厚値のばらつきは,皮下脂肪あるいは内臓脂肪のどちらかにより多く付着するといった,体脂肪の分布の個人差を考察すべきかもしれない.

著者

土屋 基 鈴木 勝彦 井上 忠夫 樋口 和洋

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.5, pp.207-218, 2005-09-30 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 2

著者

原谷 隆史

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.6, pp.277-278, 2008-11-30 (Released:2009-03-13)

著者

島田 彰夫

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.5, pp.229-235, 1990-09-30 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

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Longitudinal study of visual acuity (VA) from 6 to 17 years old have been carried out using the medical examination records of the graduates of a high school in Akita City in 1978 and 1988. The study subjects were completed their elementary and junior high school in Akita City and their numbers were 114 out of 236 male graduates in 1978 (78M), 54 out of 79 females (78F), 150 out of 322 male graduates in 1988 (88M) and 67 out of 115 females (88F). VA of decimal notation have been changed to visus logarithmus and then the mean values were caliculated. The highest values of mean-VA of each group were 1.21 at 8 years old(y) of 78M, 1.18 at 9y of 78F, 1 .17 at 7y of 88M and 1.15 at 8y of 88F, and their mean-VAs were fallen to about 0.4 at their 17y and the speed of decline of mean-VAs of 88M and 88F were faster than those of 78M and 78F . The cases of the lower vision at 17y showed earlier decline of VA. Stability of VA which showed the same VA more than continuous 3 years were 1.5+ and it seems that the normal VA of Japanese is 1.5 or more. Lower facial mascular strength that comes from the softness of foodstaff s makes trouble to control the mascules participate to lens . It would be a major cause of decline of VA.

著者

古謝 安子 宇座 美代子 玉城 隆雄 小笹 美子 船附 美奈子

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.35-46, 2003-03-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

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Questionnaire study on the concern of 245 inhabitants regarding funeral practices and sur vey on the situation of old people's hospitalization in the isolated islands of Zamami village with out crematorium were carried out in 2000. The relationship of funerary practice and care of old people are discussed. 1. Traditionally the funeral practice involves burial of the dead followed by exhumatio: after several years whence the bones are cleaned by their relatives. All people died in the is lands have been practiced in the islands from 1990 to 1999. 2. Concern of the respondents for the funeral practice is influenced by experience of bone cleansing. Most of the respondents over 50 years old who have experienced bone-cleansing, sup port cremation. About 40% of the respondents below 50 years old who have little experience, support free of the funeral practice. About 90% of inhabitants choose to have cremation after their death. 3. Among the patients over 65 years old from islands without crematorium who were hos pitalized in 4 hospitals in mainland Okinawa, those over 90 years hospitalized for terminal care constituted the high number, accounting for 23.1% from Zamami. The non existence of the crematorium facility and concern of the inhabitants seem to exert considerable influence on the lives of old people in isolated small islands.

著者

立石 謙輔

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4-5, pp.311-314, 1934-06-27 (Released:2010-11-19)

著者

小西 祥子

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.1, pp.48-53, 2014 (Released:2014-03-28)

参考文献数

16

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Examples of demographic transition include transitions from high-fertility-high-mortality to high-fertility-low-mortality and to low-fertility-low-mortality. In general, a high population growth rate is observed in the high-fertility-low-mortality phase, and the rate of population growth decreases in the low-fertility-low-mortality phase. Using available demographic data from the Kingdom of Tonga for the years 1891 to 2011, we described the demographic transition pattern in this country. Since 1953, the crude mortality rate has been lower than 10‰, while the crude birth rate remained as high as 27‰ until 2011. Despite the high fertility and low mortality rates from 1996 to 2006, the mean annual population growth rate was only 4.2‰, which is attributable to the net migration rate of-17.8‰. In addition, out-migration of both young and older adults, together with the high fertility rate, contributed to the maintenance of the pyramidal shape of the population age structure of the country from 1956 to 2006. This study shows that this MIRAB (migration, remittance, aid financed, and bureaucracy) society, has been experiencing a unique demographic transition due to a high out-migration rate. Because the international migration rate has been increasing in various regions throughout the world, we may need to re-examine the demographic transition theory while considering the significant effects of international migration.

著者

横山 和仁

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.6, pp.207-207, 2016-11-30 (Released:2016-12-26)

著者

飯淵 康雄

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.6, pp.258-291, 1990-11-30 (Released:2011-02-25)

参考文献数

13

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J.Grauntは17世紀に世界で初めて年齢別死亡・生残表の数字を提供した.これを初めてグラフ化した人が丸山博教授だった。又,同教授は第2次大戦前に,B・ピシャー氏の乳児死亡研究より早く,ほぼ同じ思考方法で,α-lndexや△-Curveを創造した.本研究では,これらの研究内容にひそめられた「累加死亡数」という累積的効果の実際的・学問的意味をC.Darwinの著作の中に求め,それらの学問的意味をJ.Grauntや丸山博氏の独創的研究に導入することにより,丸山教授の研究成果が今日でも有効に活用できることを実証した.

著者

豊川 裕之 加藤 知己 佐伯 圭一郎 矢ケ崎 信子 岸田 謙一 李 廷秀

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.4, pp.192-200, 1987

被引用文献数

1

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A-mode式超音波皮脂厚計(TATT TH-500)を用いて,日本人の皮下脂肪厚の性・年齢別度数分布を作成するために,今回は小学生(1~6年生)の皮脂厚の計測を行なった.1986年5月から7月にかけて東京都にある4つの某小学校の児童1925人(男子:984人,女子941人)を対象にして,4部位の皮脂厚を計測した.主な結果は以下の通りである. (1)小学生の全学年(7~12歳)において,いずれの部位でも女子の皮脂厚の方が男子よりも厚い傾向が認められた. (2)小学生における4部位(biceps,triceps,subscapular,suplailiac)の皮脂厚は,年齢に伴い概ね漸増する傾向が示唆された. (3)超音波皮脂厚計を用いて,4部位における小学生の皮脂厚の度数分布を作成した. (4)部位別皮下脂肪厚と身長,体重,Kaup指数との関連を,年齢の影響を除去して男女別にそれぞれ全例について検討したところ,以下に示す結果が得られた. 1)身長と各部位別皮下脂肪厚及びこれらの合計値との間には男女ともに正の相関(0.2~0.3)が認められた. 2)男女ともに,体重が重いほど各部位別皮脂厚値及びこれらの合計が大きいという関係が認められた. 3)Kaup指数が体重,比体重,Rohrer指数よりも皮脂厚値と最も強い正の相関が認められた.

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3-4, pp.330-337, 1935-07-20 (Released:2010-12-22)

著者

中路 重之

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.1-2, 2015 (Released:2015-05-01)

著者

石原 房雄 佐藤 一二三

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.162-165, 1941

著者

北池 正

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.2, pp.85-86, 2014 (Released:2014-05-26)

著者

三村 信之

出版者

日本民族衛生学会

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.17-19,A1, 1950 (Released:2010-11-19)

参考文献数

2

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The threshold of judgment (Cj) and of perception (Cp), as defined in the author's previous paper, were determined on 30 (26 males and 4 females) Japanese. The frequency distribUtion of the former is represented in Fig I A, and of the latter in Fig 1 13, both irrespective of sex. (Cf. p. 9 and p. 10)

著者

藤山 開三

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.417-444,A24, 1961 (Released:2010-11-19)

参考文献数

16

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Statistical investigations were made on relations between the infant mortality and the social biological factors as a previous paper. The infant death rate was 44.3 (male 48.6, femal 39.9), the neonatal death rate was 22.4 (male 24.5, femal 20.3).The neonatal death rate of premature infant was ten times higher than that of mature infant. The death rate fo premature infant was 194.1 and existed obvious difference between in case of male and in case of female. The death rate of premature infant was the lowest in the third born and in the mother's age from 25 to 29.

著者

杉田 稔 伊津野 孝

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.6, pp.234-245, 2006-11-30 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

39

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Introduction: Over the past several years, differences and/or inequality within Japanese society have been pointed out from various study areas. The actual status of variations in differences and/or inequality in the economy and variations in health indicators was determined objectively from statistics collected in Japan. We forecast the differences and/or inequality in the economy and mortality rate in the future, and discuss countermeasures for health impairment due to economic inequality as a social epidemiologic study. Materials and methods: Gini coefficients, which show economic inequality, and mortality rateswere collected from statistical data published in Japan. An article in which the relationship between economic inequality and difference in health was noted and others were cited.Results: The Gini coefficients for inequality in income under 35 years of age and in consumptionof the thirties and the forties increased recently in Japan. Mortality rate for all causes ofmales aged 30-34 years increased and that for suicide increased notably except aged people in recent years. Discussion: The Gini coefficient increased in adults recently in Japan. The reason for this isbecause enterprises reduced the numbers of regular employees, whose salaries are higher, and increased the numbers of non-regular employees such as part-time and dispatched workers, whosesalaries are lower, in order to decrease labour cost after the bubble economy collapsed in 1990.Age-adjusted mortality rate for all causes and mortality rates for all causes by age decreased consistently in Japan after World War II. Recently, however, the mortality rate for all causes in males aged 30-34 years has increased. This indicates that socialization of anti-risk countermeasures are not sufficient in Japanese society in a recession, demonstrating the existence of a defective social system and/or of notable problems in the management of social systems in Japan. It should be recognized that if the situation is neglected and effective countermeasures are not taken, social chaos may result. Thus effective policies introducing sufficient anti-risk countermeasures are necessary to reduce the mortality rate.