著者

金 希相

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.40, pp.93-108, 2022-09-05 (Released:2023-09-16)

参考文献数

26

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This paper examines how immigrants in metropolitan areas are assimilated into the local housing market. Most work on racial/ethnic disparities in homeownership draw from two different frameworks, spatial assimilation model and place stratification model, both of which were developed in the United States based on the relationship between social and spatial mobility. In Japan, however, it is said that immigrants move up the stratification ladder through homeownership rather than through migration, such as that to a higherquality location like the suburbs. Building on this perspective, this paper explores various factors that account for the ethnic inequality in homeownership and advances migration studies in Japan by dividing housing tenure into four categories–high– and low-quality owner–occupied, high– and low-quality rental–and presents alternative frameworks about housing trajectories, housing assimilation model, and stratified housing model. Analysis of anonymized census data for 2000 and 2010 indicates that the socioeconomic and life-cycle characteristics are associated with homeownership, showing a similar pattern of housing consumption between Japanese and immigrant group. However, for immigrant group, the education level does not account for the probability of attaining low-quality owner-occupied housing, presumably due to the low transfer of human capital in dual labor market in Japan. Marital status also has a large effect on homeownership, while the impact of intermarriage on homeownership attainment varies by head of household's nationality and housing tenure, revealing that an intermarriage premium in the housing market is higher for intermarried families with a native head of household. These findings suggest that there is indeed a homeownership hierarchy in Japan that are partly attributable to institutional barriers in housing and mortgage markets, although immigrants tend to be moderately assimilated into the housing market.

著者

武田 真一郎

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2000, no.18, pp.35-50, 2000-07-08 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

5

著者

林 浩一郎

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2020, no.38, pp.116-131, 2020-09-05 (Released:2021-09-16)

参考文献数

24

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In this study, “linear developmentalism” refers to the political-economic system and ideology aimed at economic growth, triggered by the linear shinkansen. Governmental market intervention in linear developmentalism differs from that of Keynesian developmentalism. Neoliberal state interventions assume that a “strong state” deregulates and liberalizes markets and privatizes public space in order to create an effective market economy. The current study aimed to explore the ways in which the community in the western area of Nagoya Station both resist and accept linear development. Renovation businesses in the area's shopping street are conceptualized as “entrepreneurial movements” that counters linear development by using neoliberal national interventions of deregulation, liberalization and privatization. This movement is positioned as “grassroots neoliberalism”.

著者

立山 徳子

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.29, pp.93-109, 2011-09-07 (Released:2012-12-19)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 1

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From the perspective of ‘family/community issues' and with an emphasis on the level of urbanization, this paper examines how families position themselves as ‘a family in a network' and recruit resources when they could not cope with childcare issues. The findings are as follows: 1) Depending on the area that includes inner-city, suburb and rural, there is a difference between the distribution of the network a mother possesses. 2) The location of the parents (especially their own parents) is related to the attainment of the mothers' own childcare networks. In relation to this, 3) among these areas, the attainment of resources for childcare networks was poor in suburban mothers. 4) Support from the husband also promotes social intercourse and attainment of childcare networks for the mother (wife). 5) Although support from husband and their own parents have an effect on reducing parenting related isolation of the mother. In general, 6) depending on the urbanization level of these areas, rural mothers attained strong childcare networks whereas suburban mothers attained weak childcare network. However, 7) suburban mothers seemed to actively use friends who are mothers as substitutes and tend to expect ‘childcare support' from them. Overall, 8) a structure in which a lack of intra-family childcare support is compensated by that of external-family cannot be found. It can be said that intra-family supports and external-family supports are in a positive correlation.

著者

渋谷 望

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2015, no.33, pp.5-20, 2015-09-05 (Released:2016-10-09)

参考文献数

21

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Gentrification is said to be the return of the middle class to the city. Neil Smith suggests, however, that gentrification is not to be seen simply as a “return” but also as a form of “class struggle.” This paper examines the process of gentrification and the antigentrification movement in the Lower East Side of New York City. It maintains that this struggle should be seen as a struggle over the urban commons and therefore as a contemporary manifestation of primitive accumulation. Considering (anti-)gentrification as a “class struggle” or as a value struggle in the context of the global city, it shows that gentrification is a necessarily unsettling and unstable process.

著者

金 善美

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.30, pp.43-58, 2013-09-01 (Released:2014-03-07)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 2

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This paper aims to examine the role of Art in revitalizing city's run-down area. For this purpose, this paper draws upon empirical work in Mukoujima, known as former industrial zone and typical ‘Shitamachi' area of east Tokyo. Art movement in Mukoujima started at late 1990s. At the first time, it was experimental solution for abandoned houses and shops, mainly to reduce the risk of arson. However, the movement has continued for 10 years, bringing more and more young artists and trendy places for them. Up to now, Mukoujima gradually came to be known as “Hidden Art town in Tokyo's traditional area”. By analyzing the interaction of various actors, this paper reveals two points. Firstly, Experiencing decline and redevelopment at the same time, ‘revitalization of local' means vary from each actor. Therefore, art movement as revitalization strategy has always been placed in tension and conflict between actors. Secondly, positioning art movement within the context of urban change, you can see an opposite role of art in present stage: Consumption of space which reminiscent of gentrification, on the other hand, one form of diversifying local culture due to local change.

著者

笹島 秀晃

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.32, pp.65-80, 2014-09-05 (Released:2015-12-03)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 2

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This paper examines the artist-led gentrification of SoHo in New York City between the 1960s and 1980s. As creative city theories focus on the effect of the creative class on urban environments, municipal government policymakers have been creating cultural policies that birth urban regeneration projects utilizing the talents of creative people, such as artists. In spite of this situation, there is not necessarily much scholarship on the relationship between artists and urban spaces. Thus, this article deals with SoHoʼs artist-led gentrification as a typical case study, and then explores issues such as why agglomeration of artists leads to urban spatial transformation.

著者

山口 恵子

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1998, no.16, pp.119-134, 1998

著者

玉野 和志

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.14, pp.75-91, 1996-06-22 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

1 2

著者

石原 多賀子

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.32, pp.7-23, 2014-09-05 (Released:2015-12-03)

参考文献数

19

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Kanazawa is an old and historical city that faces the Sea of Japan. Since Kanazawa has been immune from the horrors of wars and conflicts for 430 years, its historic and cultural resources are still preserved very well. People in Kanazawa believe their responsibilities to maintain and cultivate the characteristics in the history, tradition, and culture of Kanazawa. In addition to such circumstances, Kanazawa has been developed more attractively as a “creative city” over the last two decades.    This paper illustrates “Kanazawa World City Concept”: a key strategy for creating a new identity such as “glocalization” and “creativity” of Kanazawa.    The vision of this concept has made Kanazawa more attractive and dignified, which is evidenced by the fact that Kanazawa is cited in the League of Historical Cities and the Creative Cities Network.    For achieving such a national and international evaluation, however, we had to challenge the formidable tasks of overcoming such harsh issues as “financial bottleneck”, “legal limitation”, and “multi-stakeholdersʼ consensus building”.    So in this paper, we also describe this challenge, while introducing the three facts of embodiment of “Kanazawa World City Concept”.

著者

山本 崇記

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2009, no.27, pp.61-76, 2009 (Released:2011-10-07)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3 2

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This paper focuses on a squatter area in Kyoto City to clarify the conditions under which a residents movement can develop. My first purpose is to examine the difficulties of making residents' association in the underclass. In squatter areas, population fluidity is so high that it's difficult to make residents' association, so there are few research results about residents movements in lower class. Second is to approach minority and residents movements at the same time. The residents in the squatter area consist mainly of the Korean ethnic minority. For this reason, previous research has given more weight to ethnicity than to the viewpoints of the residents. This paper takes up a residents movement in a squatter area called ″40-banchi″ in Higashi-kujo. A marginal area, Higashi-kujo is located in south of Kyoto Station and is a Korean slum. Additionally, the slum is adjacent to a Buraku area. In fact, 40-banchi is lower than a slum or Buraku. Compared with these areas, it has stayed undeveloped and has been neglected by the local administration for a long time. 40-banchi is located in a river area between Takase and Kamo River, a substandard living environment where many shanties are squeezed together and which suffers damage from floods and fires frequently. The administration regarded 40-banchi as an illegal area. One could assume that making residents' association is difficult in such an area. But a powerful residents movement has risen up since the 1970s. In the 1990s, it made the administration build public housing that maintained characteristics of the community in the squatter area. The secretariat of the residents' association formed an NPO and is in charge of managing the housing. Thereby the practices in 40-banchi can be considered as an advanced reference point for community building of slums and Buraku.

著者

町村 敬志

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, no.31, pp.5-20, 2013

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    Thirty years have passed since the establishment of Japan Association for Urban Sociology in 1982. Until that time, Japan had experienced huge migration from rural area to metropolitan region, as well as rapid economic growth. Urbanization and its impacts on social, economic, and political life caused many tensions and problems in expanding urban areas, which certainly required a new type of knowledge for understanding and solution from a structural point of view. Urban sociology as a way of thinking was one of such attempts to answer these questions. From its beginning, a variety of thoughts, such as Chicago School. Marxian tradition, and New Urban Sociology, went into this emerging discipline in Japan. As its result, urban sociology, as an intellectual arena, was always filled with controversies and tensions among different schools and scholars. In addition, since its institutional establishment, urban sociology has faced with a kind of "identity crisis," due to coming of post-urbanization situation. What is a research question specific for "urban" sociology in this highly-urbanized country? For instance, globalization was one of major factors which brought distinctive features to Japanese cities, but its impacts were actually mediated and transformed by more complex sets of global, national, regional, and local factors. This article tries to describe and evaluate historical development of this discipline in Japan since 1960s, which has always sought for key questions under ongoing changes in cities.

著者

浅川 達人

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.24, pp.57-71, 2006-09-15 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 2

著者

前島 訓子

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, no.31, pp.111-128, 2013 (Released:2015-01-25)

参考文献数

24

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The main goal of this essay is to explore the construction of sacred place in the multi-religious context based on a field study at Bodhagaya, India. Bodhagaya is generally regarded as the most significant sacred place for Buddhist believers mainly because it is the place the Buddha reached his enlightenment. This widely known site recognized for its Buddhist significance attracts a large number of pilgrims, tourists from different parts of the world to the religious-historical site currently called Mahabodhi Maha Vihar. But this popular conception of the site is established on a rather serious sociological neglect of the fact that the sacred place of Bodhagaya is a place located in a social environment composed of multiple religions. This essay will examine the actual construction of the sacred place in Bodhagaya from a sociological concern whether the sacred place of Bodhagaya is constructed solely from Buddhist conception of the site or it is the result of superimposed interaction, interpenetration or conflict between plural religious interests.

著者

八木 寛之

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.30, pp.77-92, 2013-09-01 (Released:2014-03-07)

参考文献数

18

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There is an increasing flowability of shops along the shopping street in the central part of the metropolis of Osaka. In this situation, the central objective of activation in the shopping street is to create a community centered on shop owners. This paper focuses on the shop ownersʼ social relationships through a case study of the shopping street “Shinsekai” in Osaka. Through analysis, we show the social conditions that caused the formation of this shopping street. The results demonstrate that the shop owners formed communities by forging links through diverse social relationships in the practice of activation in the shopping street. First, the shop owners practiced the activation by building personal relationships founded on community-based organization (shopping street organization and neighborhood associations). In the next stage, the established shop owners made concerted efforts to cooperate with newer shop owners, who raised capital externally, to create an attractive “regional image.” This paper presents the following significant findings: 1) We point out the importance of personal relationships among the shop owners to form a community through practices of activation in the shopping street. 2) We discovered that organic social relationships among shop owners provided the foundation for community-based organization.

著者

山下 祐介

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.24, pp.206-218, 2006-09-15 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

著者

西澤 晃彦

出版者

日本都市社会学会

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.30, pp.5-14, 2013-09-01 (Released:2014-03-07)

参考文献数

14

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In the recent study of poverty, it is pointed out that the present poor have been individualized and shows weak inclination for solidarity. In addition, they have been excluded from local community and their geographic mobility is high. The urban sociology is good at treating the social world and permanent community of the city, but the present poor is likely to be spilled out from the social net of local community. This paper offers some suggestions, which enables the urban sociology to contribute to the study of poverty.

著者

島田 貴仁

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.40, pp.25-42, 2022-09-05 (Released:2023-09-16)

参考文献数

61

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As with many other social phenomena, spatial patterns exist in crime and delinquency, and neighborhood contextual effects are known as its predictors. The exploration of neighborhood effects through quantitative methods, with multilevel analysis as a central pillar, has led to theoretical developments in criminology, providing a theoretical basis for social developmental crime prevention policies. The paper discusses the cartographic school, social disorganization theory, and systemic theory as ways to formulate neighborhood effects in criminological research, which focuses on spatial aspects. Section 2 discusses collective efficacy, multilevel crime opportunity theory, and devastation theory as important criminological theories that explain neighborhood effects using multilevel analysis. Section 3 introduces the development of empirical studies of neighborhood effects in Asia, including Japan, and Oceania. Section 4 presents examples of empirical research on the neighborhood effects on crime and crime insecurity in large Japanese cities through subregionally aggregable social surveys and systematic social observations. Finally, crime open data and collaboration between researchers and practitioners are presented as future prospects for the study of neighborhood effects of crime in Japan.

著者

平原 幸輝 橋本 健二 浅川 達人 妻木 進吾

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.40, pp.76-92, 2022-09-05 (Released:2023-09-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, we created social maps based on socio-economic indicators and income-related indicators to clarify the commonalities and differences in the spatial distribution of income classes in the three major metropolitan areas. In the Tokyo metropolitan area, the high-income group concentrated area located in the center of the city is thickly established, and many low-income groups are seen in the outer periphery. In the Osaka area, high-income groups are concentrated in Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto, and highincome groups are concentrated in the north, creating a sector-type spatial distribution. In the Nagoya area, the sector-type spatial distribution is dominated by the concentration of high-income groups in the southeast and low-income groups in the northwest.

著者

西田 芳正

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.40, pp.8-24, 2022-09-05 (Released:2023-09-16)

参考文献数

23

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In America and European countries the interest in neighborhood effects has accelerated after the publication of W.J.Wilson's The Truly Disadvantaged. The purpose of this paper is to consider neighborhood effects in Japanese society. Based on researches in public housing areas and a wooden apartment area, I find local community culture which has a negative effect on residentsʼ life chances. At the same time, however, the culture has an important function to support the process of transition from childhood to adulthood in the strained circumstances.     By calling for more comparative studies of diversified neighborhoods and poverty, effective support measure can be found.