著者

Katsuhiko Sumitomo Kenta Shirasawa Sachiko N. Isobe Hideki Hirakawa Akiho Harata Masato Kawabe Masafumi Yagi Masaaki Osaka Miyuki Kunihisa Fumiya Taniguchi

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20063, (Released:2021-03-25)

被引用文献数

6

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White rust caused by Puccinia horiana Henn. adversely affects chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) production. The breeding of resistant varieties is effective in controlling the disease. Here we aimed to develop DNA markers for the strong resistance to P. horiana. We conducted a linkage analysis based on the genome-wide association study (GWAS) method. We employed a biparental population for the GWAS, wherein the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequency could be predicted. The population was derived from crosses between a strong resistant “Southern Pegasus” and a susceptible line. The GWAS used simplex and double-simplex SNP markers selected out of SNP candidates mined from ddRAD-Seq data of an F1 biparental population. These F1 individuals segregated in a 1:1 ratio of resistant to susceptible. Twenty-one simplex SNPs were significantly associated with P. horiana resistance in “Southern Pegasus” and generated one linkage group. These results show the presence of a single resistance gene in “Southern Pegasus”. We identified the nearest SNP marker located 2.2 cM from P. horiana resistance locus and demonstrated this SNP marker-resistance link using an independent population. This is the first report of an effective DNA marker linked to a gene for P. horiana resistance in chrysanthemum.

著者

Shin Taketa June-Sik Kim Hidekazu Takahashi Shunsuke Yajima Yuichi Koshiishi Toshinori Sotome Tsuneo Kato Keiichi Mochida

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.5, pp.435-444, 2023 (Released:2023-12-21)

参考文献数

52

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Two modern high-quality Japanese malting barley cultivars, ‘Sukai Golden’ and ‘Sachiho Golden’, were subjected to RNA-sequencing of transcripts extracted from 20-day-old immature seeds. Despite their close relation, 2,419 Sukai Golden-specific and 3,058 Sachiho Golden-specific SNPs were detected in comparison to the genome sequences of two reference cultivars: ‘Morex’ and ‘Haruna Nijo’. Two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) clusters respectively showing the incorporation of (1) the barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) resistance gene rym5 from six-row non-malting Chinese landrace Mokusekko 3 on the long arm of 3H, and (2) the anthocyanin-less ant2 gene from a two-row Dutch cultivar on the long arm of 2H were detected specifically in ‘Sukai Golden’. Using 221 recombinant inbred lines of a cross between ‘Ishukushirazu’ and ‘Nishinochikara’, another BaYMV resistance rym3 gene derived from six-row non-malting Japanese cultivar ‘Haganemugi’ was mapped to a 0.4-cM interval on the proximal region of 5H. Haplotype analysis of progenitor accessions of the two modern malting cultivars revealed that rym3 of ‘Haganemugi’ was independently introduced into ‘Sukai Golden’ and ‘Sachiho Golden’. Residual chromosome 5H segments of ‘Haganemugi’ surrounding rym3 were larger in ‘Sukai Golden’. Available results suggest possibilities for malting quality improvement by minimizing residual segments surrounding rym3.

著者

Gentaro Shigita Tran Phuong Dung Mst. Naznin Pervin Thanh-Thuy Duong Odirich Nnennaya Imoh Yuki Monden Hidetaka Nishida Katsunori Tanaka Mitsuhiro Sugiyama Yoichi Kawazu Norihiko Tomooka Kenji Kato

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22071, (Released:2023-06-15)

被引用文献数

1

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Numerous genetic resources of major crops have been introduced from around the world and deposited in Japanese National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Genebank. Understanding their ge‍netic variation and selecting a representative subset (“core collection”) are essential for optimal management and efficient use of genetic resources. In this study, we conducted genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to characterize the genetic relationships and population structure in 755 accessions of melon genetic resources. The GBS identified 39,324 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are distributed throughout the melon genome with high density (one SNP/10.6 kb). The phylogenetic relationships and population structure inferred using this SNP dataset are highly associated with the cytoplasm type and geographical origin. Our results strongly support the recent hypothesis that cultivated melon was established in Africa and India through multiple independent domestication events. Finally, we constructed a World Melon Core Collection that covers at least 82% of the genetic diversity and has a wide range of geographical origins and fruit mor‍phology. The genome-wide SNP dataset, phylogenetic relationships, population structure, and the core collection provided in this study should largely contribute to genetic research, breeding, and genetic resource preservation in melon.

著者

Hiroshi Fujii Satoshi Ohta Keisuke Nonaka Yuichi Katayose Toshimi Matsumoto Tomoko Endo Terutaka Yoshioka Mitsuo Omura Takehiko Shimada

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16060, (Released:2016-10-15)

被引用文献数

18

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Satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marc.) are the predominant cultivated citrus variety in Japan. Clarification of its origin would prove valuable for citrus taxonomy and mandarin breeding programs; however, current information is limited. We applied genome-wide genotyping using a 384 citrus single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and MARCO computer software to investigate the satsuma mandarin parentage. Genotyping data from 206 validated SNPs were obtained to evaluate 67 citrus varieties and lines. A total of five parent–offspring relationships were newly found by MARCO based on the 206 SNP genotypes, indicating that ‘Kishuu mikan’ type mandarins (Citrus kinokuni hort. ex Tanaka accession ‘Kishuu mikan’ and ‘Nanfengmiju’) and ‘Kunenbo’ type mandarins (Citrus nobilis Lour. var. kunip Tanaka accession ‘Kunenbo’ and ‘Bendiguangju’) are possible parents of the satsuma mandarin. Moreover, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences analysis showed that the genotypes of four regions in chloroplast DNA of ‘Kishuu mikan’ type mandarins were identical to that of the satsuma mandarin. Considering the historical background, satsuma mandarins may therefore derive from an occasional cross between a ‘Kishuu mikan’ type mandarin seed parent (derivative or synonym of ‘Nanfengmiju’) and a ‘Kunenbo’ type mandarin pollen parent (derivative or synonym of ‘Bendiguangju’).

著者

Kazumasa Murata Yukihide Iyama Takuya Yamaguchi Hidenobu Ozaki Yoshinori Kidani Takeshi Ebitani

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.273-281, 2014 (Released:2015-01-10)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5 26

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The appearance of brown rice grown under high temperature conditions is an important characteristic for improvement in Japanese rice breeding programs. We performed a QTL analysis of the appearance quality of brown rice using chromosome segment substitution lines of the indica cultivar ‘Habataki’ in the ‘Koshihikari’ genetic background. A line carrying a ‘Habataki’ segment on chromosome 7 showed a high percentage of perfect grains produced under high temperature conditions during the ripening period. To verify the role of this segment, and to narrow down the region containing the useful allele, substitution mapping was performed using multiple paired lines. As a result, the chromosomal location of a gene that we named Appearance quality of brown rice 1 (Apq1) was delimited to a 48-kb region. In addition, we developed an Apq1-near isogenic line (NIL) to evaluate the effect of Apq1 on various agronomic traits. Under high temperature conditions during the ripening period, the Apq1-NIL produced significantly higher percentages of perfect grains than ‘Koshihikari’. Other agronomic traits, including yield and palatability, were similar between the Apq1-NIL and ‘Koshihikari’. Therefore, the ‘Habataki’ allele of Apq1 will be useful in breeding programs aimed at improving the quality of grains ripened under high temperature conditions.

著者

Kenta Shirasawa Daijiro Harada Hideki Hirakawa Sachiko Isobe Chittaranjan Kole

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.117-124, 2021 (Released:2021-05-20)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

20

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Genome sequence analysis in higher plants began with the whole-genome sequencing of Arabidopsis thaliana. Owing to the great advances in sequencing technologies, also known as next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, genomes of more than 400 plant species have been sequenced to date. Long-read sequencing technologies, together with sequence scaffolding methods, have enabled the synthesis of chromosome-level de novo genome sequence assemblies, which has further allowed comparative analysis of the structural features of multiple plant genomes, thus elucidating the evolutionary history of plants. However, the quality of the assembled chromosome-level sequences varies among plant species. In this review, we summarize the status of chromosome-level assemblies of 114 plant species, with genome sizes ranging from 125 Mb to 16.9 Gb. While the average genome coverage of the assembled sequences reached up to 89.1%, the average coverage of chromosome-level pseudomolecules was 73.3%. Thus, further improvements in sequencing technologies and scaffolding, and data analysis methods, are required to establish gap-free telomere-to-telomere genome sequence assemblies. With the forthcoming new technologies, we are going to enter into a new genomics era where pan-genomics and the >1,000 or >1 million genomes’ project will be routine in higher plants.

著者

Mitsutoshi Okamoto Yuki Monden Akiko Shindo Tomoyuki Takeuchi Tomoko Endo Yukinori Shigematsu Kazuto Takasaki Hiroshi Fujii Takehiko Shimada

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.146-157, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2

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Citrus is a major cultivated crop in Japan, and new cultivars are of great interest in the Japanese and global market. Recently, the infringement of breeders’ rights to citrus cultivars bred in Japan has become a problem related to the agricultural product export strategy promoted by the Japanese government. Cultivar identification systems using DNA markers are an effective tool for protecting breeders’ rights. Here, a novel target cultivar-specific identification system using the chromatographic printed array strip method was developed for eight prominent Japanese citrus cultivars. A polymorphic InDel fragment specific to each cultivar was explored through the screening of published citrus InDel markers and next-generation sequencing of retrotransposon libraries. The cultivar-specific DNA marker set for each cultivar comprised 1–3 polymorphic InDel fragments in combination with a PCR-positive DNA marker for the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit gene. The DNA markers were detected within 3 hours from DNA extraction to the detection by the C-PAS4 membrane stick following multiplex PCR. The developed system is superior as a convenient, rapid, and cost-effective DNA diagnostic method during inspection. The proposed target cultivar-specific identification system is expected to serve as an efficient tool for the injunction of suspicious registered cultivars, contributing to the protection of breeders’ rights.

著者

Shun Sakuma Ravi Koppolu

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.46-56, 2023 (Released:2023-04-15)

参考文献数

94

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Grass inflorescences produce grains, which are directly connected to our food. In grass crops, yields are mainly affected by grain number and weight; thus, understanding inflorescence shape is crucially important for cereal crop breeding. In the last two decades, several key genes controlling inflorescence shape have been elucidated, thanks to the availability of rich genetic resources and powerful genomics tools. In this review, we focus on the inflorescence architecture of Triticeae species, including the major cereal crops wheat and barley. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of spike branching, and spikelet and floret development in the Triticeae. Considering our changing climate and its impacts on cereal crop yields, we also discuss the future orientation of research.

著者

Takuya Suzaki

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.70-75, 2023 (Released:2023-04-15)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

1

---

During the course of plant evolution, leguminous and a few plants species have established root nodule symbiosis (RNS), one of the nitrogen nutrient acquisition strategies based on mutual interaction between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In addition to its useful agronomic trait, RNS comprises a unique form of plant lateral organogenesis; dedifferentiation and activation of cortical cells in the root are induced upon bacterial infection during nodule development. In the past few years, the elucidations of the significance of NODULE INCEPTION transcription factor as a potentially key innovative factor of RNS, the details of its function, and the successive discoveries of its target genes have advanced our understanding underlying molecular mechanisms of nodule organogenesis. In addition, a recent elucidation of the role of legume SHORTROOT-SCARECROW module has provided the insights into the unique properties of legume cortical cells. Here, I summarize such latest findings on the neofunctionalized key players of nodule organogenesis, which may provide clue to understand an evolutionary basis of RNS.

著者

Toshiyuki Takai Patrick Lumanglas Daisuke Fujita Kazuhiro Sasaki Njato Michael Rakotoarisoa Yasuhiro Tsujimoto Nobuya Kobayashi Eliza Vie Simon

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21045, (Released:2021-11-17)

被引用文献数

1

---

The heading date is an important trait for determining regional and climatic adaptability in rice. To expand the adaptability of the indica rice cultivar ‘IR64’, we pyramided multiple early or late heading quantitative trait locus (QTLs) in the ‘IR64’ genetic background by crossing previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs) with a single QTL for early or late heading. The effects of pyramiding QTLs were observed in three different climatic zones of the Philippines, Madagascar, and Japan. The early heading pyramiding lines (PYLs) headed 6.2 to 12.8 days earlier than ‘IR64’ while the late heading PYLs headed 18.8 to 27.1 days later than ‘IR64’. The PYLs tended to produce low grain yield compared to ‘IR64’. The low yield was not improved by combining SPIKE, which is a QTL that increases the number of spikelets per panicle. Conversely, ‘IR64-PYL(7+10)’ carrying Hd5 and Hd1 headed earlier, produced more tillers, and more panicles per m2 than ‘IR64’, and mitigated the yield decrease in early heading. These results suggest that the effects of pyramided QTLs on heading date were consistent across various environments and PYLs could be used to enhance the adaptation of ‘IR64’ in other rice growing environments.

著者

Shuri Kato Asako Matsumoto Kensuke Yoshimura Toshio Katsuki Kojiro Iwamoto Yoshiaki Tsuda Shogo Ishio Kentaro Nakamura Kazuo Moriwaki Toshihiko Shiroishi Takashi Gojobori Hiroshi Yoshimaru

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.248-255, 2012 (Released:2012-11-01)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

4 18

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Numerous cultivars of Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) are recognized, but in many cases they are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Therefore, we evaluated the clonal status of 215 designated cultivars using 17 SSR markers. More than half the cultivars were morphologically distinct and had unique genotypes. However, 22 cultivars were found to consist of multiple clones, which probably originate from the chance seedlings, suggesting that their unique characteristics have not been maintained through propagation by grafting alone. We also identified 23 groups consisting of two or more cultivars with identical genotypes. Most members of these groups were putatively synonymously related and morphologically identical. However, some of them were probably derived from bud sport mutants and had distinct morphologies. SSR marker analysis provided useful insights into the clonal status of the examined Japanese flowering cherry cultivars and proved to be a useful tool for cultivar characterization.

著者

Hiroyuki Niimi Masami Watanabe Hiroaki Serizawa Takato Koba Ikuo Nakamura Masahiro Mii

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.396-402, 2015 (Released:2015-12-19)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2 10

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Optimum conditions for obtaining tetraploid were investigated in raphanobrassica, the intergeneric hybrid between radish (Raphanus sativus) and kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) by treating in vitro plants with an anti-mitotic agent, amiprophosmethyl (APM). Initially, no tetraploids but hexaploids and octaploids were induced by the treatments. Although the leaves of these polyploids of raphanobrassica showed chlorosis during subcultures in in vitro conditions, the chlorosis could be successfully prevented by the ethylene inhibitors, both AVG and AgNO3. Based on this result, AVG was added into medium used for the culture after the chromosome doubling treatment, which subsequently resulted in increased survival rates of the treated plant materials as well as increased production rates of polyploids including tetraploid. These polyploid plants showed obviously different characters from the original diploid plant. The tetraploid plant had bigger sizes in shoot, flower and leaf, and more number of leaves than the diploid. On the other hand, the hexaploid and octaploid plants had smaller sizes in shoots and leaves, and less number of leaves than the diploid. Concentration of glucosinolates, functional substances of Brassicaceae crops, did not significantly differ between diploid and tetraploid of raphanobrassica, but reduced in hexaploid and octaploid.

著者

Sayaka Niwa Katashi Kubo Janet Lewis Rie Kikuchi Manickavelu Alagu Tomohiro Ban

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.90-96, 2014 (Released:2014-06-11)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2 22

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Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a serious disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) associated with contamination by the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The FHB-resistant wheat cultivar ‘Sumai 3’ has been used extensively around the world. The existence of variation in FHB resistance among ‘Sumai 3’ accessions has been discussed. In this study, genetic variation among ‘Sumai 3’ accessions collected from six countries were identified using SSR markers; our results demonstrate unique chromosome regions in Sumai 3-AUT and Sumai 3-JPN (‘Sumai 3’ accessions from Austria and Japan, respectively). Field evaluation indicated strong resistance to FHB in Sumai 3-AUT. The polymorphic rate (number of polymorphic markers/number of available markers × 100) based on a DArT array was 12.5% between the two ‘Sumai 3’ accessions. Genotyping for DNA markers flanking FHB-resistant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) revealed genetic variations for the QTL regions on 5AS and 2DS; however, no variation was observed for the QTL regions on 3BS and 6B. Thus, the variation in FHB resistance among ‘Sumai 3’ accessions in the field is due to genetic diversity.

著者

Hyungjun Park Tomoko Abe Hisato Kunitake Tomonari Hirano

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.212-218, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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Sweet potato is a widely cultivated crop with storage roots. Although many studies have been conducted on the mechanism of its storage root formation, the details have not been fully elucidated. We screened mutant lines with inhibition of storage root formation to clarify parts of the mechanism. In this study, the process of storage root formation in one of the mutant lines, C20-8-1, was investigated. The inhibition of storage root formation was observed during the early stages of growth. The roots in C20-8-1 did not show histological differences compared to those in wild type. The transition from fibrous roots to pencil roots, which are the developmental stages prior to mature storage root formation, was delayed or inhibited in C20-8-1. The upregulation of starch biosynthesis-related genes and downregulation of lignin biosynthesis genes with storage root swelling were not confirmed in the root of C20-8-1 during the developmental transition stage, suggesting that most of the roots in C20-8-1 are in the pre-transition state toward the storage root swelling. C20-8-1 showed a mutant phenotype during the critical period of storage root swelling initiation, and further clarification of this mutation is expected to provide new insights into storage root formation.

著者

Yuki Monden Maho Kakigi Emdadul Haque Tomoyuki Takeuchi Kazuto Takasaki Masaru Tanaka

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.3, pp.313-321, 2023 (Released:2023-07-27)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivars grown in Japan are highly valued for their excellent sweetness, high quality, and good texture. The export volume of sweetpotato from Japan has been rising rapidly, with a 10-fold increase on a weight basis over the last 10 years. However, since sweetpotato is propagated vegetatively from storage roots, it is easy to cultivate and propagate this crop, prompting concerns that Japanese sweetpotato cultivars/lines are being exported overseas, cultivated without permission, or reimported. Therefore, a rapid and accurate cultivar identification methodology is needed. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the insertion sites of Cl8 retrotransposon to develop a cultivar identification technique for the Japanese cultivars ‘Beniharuka’ and ‘Fukumurasaki’. These two cultivars were successfully distinguished from other cultivars using a minimum of two marker sets. Using the chromatographic printed array strip (C-PAS) method for DNA signal detection, ‘Beniharuka’ and ‘Fukumurasaki’ can be precisely identified using a single strip of chromatographic paper based on multiplex DNA signals derived from the amplicons of the Cl8 insertion sites. Since this method can detect DNA signals in only ~15 minutes, we expect that our method will facilitate rapid, reliable, and convenient cultivar discrimination for on-site inspection of sweetpotato.

著者

Kunihiko Komatsu Takashi Sayama Ken-ichiro Yamashita Yoshitake Takada

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22098, (Released:2023-06-28)

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To avoid crop failure because of climate change, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars adaptable to early planting are required in western Japan. Because current Japanese cultivars may not be adaptable, ge‍netic resources with high early-planting adaptability, and their genetic information must be developed. In the present study, summer type (ST) soybeans developed for early planting were used as plant materials. We examined their phenological characteristics and short reproductive period as an indicator of early planting adaptability and performed genetic studies. Biparental quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of a representative ST cultivar revealed a principal QTL for the reproductive period duration on chromosome 11. The results of resequencing analysis suggested that circadian clock-related Tof11 (soybean orthologue of PRR3) is a can‍didate QTL. Additionally, all 25 early planting-adaptable germplasms evaluated in this study possessed mutant alleles in Tof11, whereas 15 conventional cultivars only had wild-type alleles. These results suggest that mutant alleles in Tof11 are important genetic factors in the high adaptability to early planting of these soybeans, and thus, these alleles were acquired and accumulated in the ST soybean population.

著者

Hokuto Nakayama Yasunori Ichihashi Seisuke Kimura

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.76-85, 2023 (Released:2023-04-15)

参考文献数

102

被引用文献数

5

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is cultivated widely globally. The crop exhibits tremendous morphological variations because of its long breeding history. Apart from the commercial tomato varieties, wild species and heirlooms are grown in certain regions of the world. Since the fruit constitutes the edible part, much of the agronomical research is focused on it. However, recent studies have indicated that leaf morphology influences fruit quality. As leaves are specialized photosynthetic organs and the vascular systems transport the photosynthetic products to sink organs, the architectural characteristics of the leaves have a strong influence on the final fruit quality. Therefore, comprehensive research focusing on both the fruit and leaf morphology is required for further tomato breeding. This review summarizes an overview of knowledge of the basic tomato leaf development, morphological diversification, and molecular mechanisms behind them and emphasizes its importance in breeding. Finally, we discuss how these findings and knowledge can be applied to future tomato breeding.

著者

Richa Kamboj Balwant Singh Tapan Kumar Mondal Deepak Singh Bisht

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.135-144, 2020 (Released:2020-04-21)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

4 6

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Rice is a food crop of global importance, cultivated in diverse agro-climatic zones of the world. However, in the process of domestication many beneficial alleles have been eroded from the gene pool of the rice cultivated globally and eventually has made it vulnerable to a plethora of stresses. In contrast, the wild relatives of rice, despite being agronomically inferior, have inherited a potential of surviving in a range of geographical habitats. These adaptations enrich them with novel traits that upon introgression to modern cultivated varieties offer tremendous potential of increasing yield and adaptability. But, due to the unavailability of their genetic as well as genomic resources, identification and characterisation of these novel beneficial alleles has been a challenging task. Nevertheless, with the unprecedented surge in the area of conservation genomics, researchers have now shifted their focus towards these natural repositories of beneficial traits. Presently, there are several generic and specialized databases harboring genome-wide information on wild species of rice, and are acting as a useful resource for identification of novel genes and alleles, designing of molecular markers, comparative analysis and evolutionary biology studies. In this review, we introduce the key features of these databases focusing on their utility in rice breeding programs.

著者

Nozomu Sakurai

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.56-65, 2022 (Released:2022-03-08)

参考文献数

90

被引用文献数

11

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Metabolites play a central role in maintaining organismal life and in defining crop phenotypes, such as nutritional value, fragrance, color, and stress resistance. Among the ‘omes’ in biology, the metabolome is the closest to the phenotype. Consequently, metabolomics has been applied to crop improvement as method for monitoring changes in chemical compositions, clarifying the mechanisms underlying cellular functions, discovering markers and diagnostics, and phenotyping for mQTL, mGWAS, and metabolite-genome predictions. In this review, 359 reports of the most recent applications of metabolomics to plant breeding-related studies were examined. In addition to the major crops, more than 160 other crops including rare medicinal plants were considered. One bottleneck associated with using metabolomics is the wide array of instruments that are used to obtain data and the ambiguity associated with metabolite identification and quantification. To further the application of metabolomics to plant breeding, the features and perspectives of the technology are discussed.

著者

Yusuke Imoto Shoko Yoshikawa Yuki Horiuchi Takumi Iida Taisei Oka Shuichi Matsuda Yoshihiko Tokuji Masahiko Mori Kiyoaki Kato

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21051, (Released:2022-02-02)

被引用文献数

2

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Adzuki bean is an important legume crop originating in temperate regions, with photoperiod in sensitivity being a key factor in its latitudinal adaptation. The Flowering Date1 (FD1) gene has a large effect on the photoperiodic response of flowering time, but the molecular basis for the effect of this locus is undetermined. The present study delimited the FD1 locus to a 17.1 kb sequence, containing a single gene, an E1 ortholog (VaE1). A comparison between Vigna angularis ‘Shumari’ (photoperiod insensitive) and ‘Acc2265’ (photoperiod sensitive) identified 29 insertions/deletions and 178 SNPs upstream of VaE1 in the FD1 locus. VaE1 expression in ‘Acc2265’ was greater under long-day than short-day conditions, whereas VaE1 expression in ‘Shumari’ was lower regardless of day length. These findings suggested that responsible gene of FD1 is a VaE1, which acts as a floral repressor by being upregulated in response to long-day conditions. The inability to upregulate VaE1 under long-day conditions was linked to its ability to flower under these conditions. These results provide greater understanding of the molecular control of a flowering date and clues enabling the breeding of adzuki bean at higher latitudes.