著者

Ngoc B. Nguyen Nguyet T. M. Nguyen Nhai T. Nguyen Linh H. Le Nghia T. La Thuy T. T. Nguyen Mary Jeany Yanoria Nagao Hayashi Hiroki Saito Mitsuhiro Obara Tadashi Sato Yoshimichi Fukuta

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.193-203, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

40

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A unique genetic variation with respect to blast resistance was clarified in 201 rice accessions from Vietnam. These accessions were classified into three clusters—A, B1, and B2—based on their reactions to 26 standard differential blast isolates selected in Vietnam. Cluster A was the dominant cultivar group in Vietnam and the most susceptible of the three clusters. Cluster B1 was the smallest group and the most resistant. Cluster B2 was the second-most dominant group and of intermediate resistance between clusters A and B1. The percentages of accessions comprising each cluster varied by region and area. Accessions in cluster A were distributed widely throughout Vietnam and had the highest frequencies in both the Central and North regions. Accessions in cluster B2 were found with highest frequencies in the mountainous and intermediate areas of the North region. Accessions in cluster B1 were found with highest frequencies in the Central region and Red River Delta area (North region). These results suggest that rice accessions in Vietnam were basically susceptible (cluster A) or of intermediate resistance (cluster B2), and that high-resistance cultivars were mainly distributed in the low altitude areas, such as the Red River Delta area and Central region.

著者

Naoya Yamaguchi Yumi Sato Fumio Taguchi-Shiobara Kazuki Yamashita Michio Kawasaki Masao Ishimoto Mineo Senda

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.204-211, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

32

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Low temperatures after flowering cause seed cracking (SC) in soybean. Previously, we reported that proanthocyanidin accumulation on the dorsal side of the seed coat, controlled by the I locus, may lead to cracked seeds; and that homozygous IcIc alleles at the I locus confer SC tolerance in the line Toiku 248. To discover new genes related to SC tolerance, we evaluated the physical and genetic mechanisms of SC tolerance in the cultivar Toyomizuki (genotype II). Histological and texture analyses of the seed coat revealed that the ability to maintain hardness and flexibility under low temperature, regardless of proanthocyanidin accumulation in the dorsal seed coat, contributes to SC tolerance in Toyomizuki. This indicated that the SC tolerance mechanism differed between Toyomizuki and Toiku 248. A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of recombinant inbred lines revealed a new, stable QTL related to SC tolerance. The relationship between this new QTL, designated as qCS8-2, and SC tolerance was confirmed in residual heterozygous lines. The distance between qCS8-2 and the previously identified QTL qCS8-1, which is likely the Ic allele, was estimated to be 2–3 Mb, so it will be possible to pyramid these regions to develop new cultivars with increased SC tolerance.

著者

Katsunori Tanaka Mitsuhiro Sugiyama Gentaro Shigita Ryoma Murakami Thanh-Thuy Duong Yasheng Aierken Anna M Artemyeva Zharas Mamypbelov Ryuji Ishikawa Hidetaka Nishida Kenji Kato

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.219-229, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

57

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To uncover population structure, phylogenetic relationship, and diversity in melons along the famous Silk Road, a seed size measurement and a phylogenetic analysis using five chloroplast genome markers, 17 RAPD markers and 11 SSR markers were conducted for 87 Kazakh melon accessions with reference accessions. Kazakh melon accessions had large seed with exception of two accessions of weedy melon, Group Agrestis, and consisted of three cytoplasm types, of which Ib-1/-2 and Ib-3 were dominant in Kazakhstan and nearby areas such as northwestern China, Central Asia and Russia. Molecular phylogeny showed that two unique genetic groups, STIa-2 with Ib-1/-2 cytoplasm and STIa-1 with Ib-3 cytoplasm, and one admixed group, STIAD combined with STIa and STIb, were prevalent across all Kazakh melon groups. STIAD melons that phylogenetically overlapped with STIa-1 and STIa-2 melons were frequent in the eastern Silk Road region, including Kazakhstan. Evidently, a small population contributed to melon development and variation in the eastern Silk Road. Conscious preservation of fruit traits specific to Kazakh melon groups is thought to play a role in the conservation of Kazakh melon genetic variation during melon production, where hybrid progenies were generated through open pollination.

著者

Mari Sugiyama Miyu Norizuki Shinji Kikuchi Yasuo Yasui Katsuhiro Matsui

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.230-236, 2023 (Released:2023-06-06)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is an annual self-incompatible plant that is widely grown. The genus Fagopyrum comprises more than 20 species, including F. cymosum, a perennial that, unlike common buckwheat, is highly resistant to excess water. In this study, we developed interspecific hybrids between F. esculentum and F. cymosum via embryo rescue, to improve undesirable traits of common buckwheat, such as low tolerance to excess water. The interspecific hybrids were confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). We also developed DNA markers to confirm the identity of the hybrids and if genes derived from each genome were inherited by the next generation. Observations of pollen indicated that the interspecific hybrids were essentially sterile. Unpaired chromosomes and abnormal segregation during meiosis were likely responsible for the pollen sterility of the hybrids. These findings could facilitate buckwheat breeding to produce lines that can withstand harsh environments with wild or related species in the genus Fagopyrum.

著者

Yutaka Sato Katsutoshi Tsuda Yoshiyuki Yamagata Hiroaki Matsusaka Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae Yuri Yoshida Ayumi Agata Kim Nhung Ta Sae Shimizu-Sato Toshiya Suzuki Misuzu Nosaka-Takahashi Takahiko Kubo Shoko Kawamoto Ken-Ichi Nonomura Hideshi Yasui Toshihiro Kumamaru

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.3, pp.291-298, 2021 (Released:2021-07-30)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

5

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Biological resources are the basic infrastructure of bioscience research. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a good experimental model for research in cereal crops and monocots and includes important genetic materials used in breeding. The availability of genetic materials, including mutants, is important for rice research. In addition, Oryza species are attractive to researchers for both finding useful genes for breeding and for understanding the mechanism of genome evolution that enables wild plants to adapt to their own habitats. NBRP-RICE contributes to rice research by promoting the usage of genetic materials, especially wild Oryza accessions and mutant lines. Our activity includes collection, preservation and distribution of those materials and the provision of basic information on them, such as morphological and physiological traits and genomic information. In this review paper, we introduce the activities of NBRP-RICE and our database, Oryzabase, which facilitates the access to NBRP-RICE resources and their genomic sequences as well as the current situation of wild Oryza genome sequencing efforts by NBRP-RICE and other institutes.

著者

Tong Ly Hiroyuki Fukuoka Asami Otaka Atsushi Hoshino Shigeru Iida Eiji Nitasaka Nobuyoshi Watanabe Tsutomu Kuboyama

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.99-104, 2012 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

5 5

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Although Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth.) has been used intensively for genetic studies, DNA markers have not been developed in Ipomoea nil sufficient to cover all chromosomes. Therefore, we conducted microsatellite (simple sequence repeats, SSR) marker development in I. nil for future genetic studies. From 92,662 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences, 514 unique microsatellite-containing ESTs were identified. Primer pairs were designed automatically in 326 SSRs. Of 150 SSRs examined, 75 showed polymorphisms among strains. A phenogram based on the SSR genotypes revealed the genetic relation among seven Japanese morning glories from five different regions of the world and an ivyleaf morning glory (I. hederacea Jacq.). The developed SSR markers might be applicable for genetic studies of morning glories and their relatives.

著者

Fang Wang Song Chen Kewei Cai Zhimin Lu Yuchun Yang Mulualem Tigabu Xiyang Zhao

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.5, pp.550-563, 2021 (Released:2021-12-10)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

3

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Cold stress is a major abiotic factor that affects plant growth and geographical distribution. Pinus sibirica is extremely frigostable tree species. To understand the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance by P. sibirica, physiological responses were analyzed and transcriptome profiling was conducted to the plants treated by cold stress. The physiological data showed that membrane permeability relative conductivity (REC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA) content, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline contents were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to cold stress. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 871, 1397 and 872 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after cold treatment for 6 h, 24 h and 48 h at –20°C, respectively. The signaling pathway mediated by Ca2+ as a signaling molecule and abscisic acid pathways were the main cold signal transduction pathways in P. sibirica. The APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) and MYB transcription factor families also play an important role in the transcriptional regulation of P. sibirica. In addition, many genes related to photosynthesis were differentially expressed under cold stress. We also validated the reliability of transcriptome data with quantitative real-time PCR. This study lays the foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms related to cold responses in P. sibirica.

著者

Jessey Anderson Msami Yoshiki Kawaguchi Katsuyuki Ichitani Satoru Taura

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.144-154, 2021 (Released:2021-05-20)

参考文献数

64

被引用文献数

2

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Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is an important disease constraining rice (Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide. The XM6 line was induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea from IR24, an Indica cultivar that is susceptible to Philippine and Japanese Xoo races. XM6 was confirmed to carry a recessive gene named xa20, resistant to six Philippine and five Japanese Xoo races. The chromosomal gene location was found using 10 plants with the shortest lesion length in an F2 population consisting of 298 plants from a susceptible Japonica variety Koshihikari × XM6. Analysis using PCR-based DNA markers covering the whole rice genome indicated the gene as located on the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 3. The IKC3 line carries IR24 genetic background with Koshihikari fragment on chromosome 3 where a resistance gene was thought to be located. The F2 population from IKC3 × XM6 clearly showed a bimodal distribution separating resistant and susceptible plants. Further linkage analysis conducted using this F2 population revealed that xa20 is located within the 0.8 cM region flanked by DNA markers KIC3-33.88 (33.0 Mb) and KIC3-34.06 (33.2 Mb). This study yields important findings for resistance breeding and for the genetic mechanism of Xoo resistance.

著者

Shota Teramoto Masanori Yamasaki Yusaku Uga

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22010, (Released:2022-07-01)

被引用文献数

4

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To explore the genetic resources that could be utilized to help improve root system architecture phenotypes in rice (Oryza sativa), we have conducted genome-wide association studies to investigate maximum root length and crown root number in 135 10-day-old Japanese rice accessions grown hydroponically. We identified a quantitative trait locus for crown root number at approximately 32.7 Mbp on chromosome 4 and designated it qNCR1 (quantitative trait locus for Number of Crown Root 1). A linkage disequilibrium map around qNCR1 suggested that three candidate genes are involved in crown root number: a cullin (LOC_​Os04g55030), a gibberellin 20 oxidase 8 (LOC_​Os04g55070), and a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (LOC_​Os04g55080). The combination of haplotypes for each gene was designated as a haploblock, and haploblocks 1, 2, and 3 were defined. Compared to haploblock 1, the accessions with haploblocks 2 and 3 had fewer crown roots; approximately 5% and 10% reductions in 10-day-old plants and 15% and 25% reductions in 42-day-old plants, respectively. A Japanese leading variety Koshihikari and its progenies harbored haploblock 3. Their crown root number could potentially be improved using haploblocks 1 and 2.

著者

Seishi Ninomiya

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.3-18, 2022 (Released:2022-03-08)

参考文献数

180

被引用文献数

18

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In contrast to the rapid advances made in plant genotyping, plant phenotyping is considered a bottleneck in plant science. This has promoted high-throughput plant phenotyping (HTP) studies, resulting in an exponential increase in phenotyping-related publications. The development of HTP was originally intended for use as indoor HTP technologies for model plant species under controlled environments. However, this subsequently shifted to HTP for use in crops in fields. Although HTP in fields is much more difficult to conduct due to unstable environmental conditions compared to HTP in controlled environments, recent advances in HTP technology have allowed these difficulties to be overcome, allowing for rapid, efficient, non-destructive, non-invasive, quantitative, repeatable, and objective phenotyping. Recent HTP developments have been accelerated by the advances in data analysis, sensors, and robot technologies, including machine learning, image analysis, three dimensional (3D) reconstruction, image sensors, laser sensors, environmental sensors, and drones, along with high-speed computational resources. This article provides an overview of recent HTP technologies, focusing mainly on canopy-based phenotypes of major crops, such as canopy height, canopy coverage, canopy biomass, and canopy stressed appearance, in addition to crop organ detection and counting in the fields. Current topics in field HTP are also presented, followed by a discussion on the low rates of adoption of HTP in practical breeding programs.

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.cover, 2022 (Released:2022-03-08)

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On the coverPhenotyping is a critical process in plant breeding, especially with the increasing demand for streamlining the selection process. However, manual phenotyping is inefficient and high-throughput phenotyping methods are often difficult to introduce in size-limited fields. We have developed a high-throughput field phenotyping rover optimized for size-limited breeding fields as open-source hardware, and demonstrated its capability to efficiently measure the wheat heading process using deep-learning image analysis (This issue, p. 66–74).(W. GUO: Field Phenomics Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo)

著者

Akemi Shimizu Hiroyasu Yamaguchi Konosuke Degi Toshikazu Morishita

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.5, pp.623-630, 2020 (Released:2020-12-29)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2 3

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We developed a new cultivar of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.), ‘Darumadattan’. This is the first semidwarf Tartary buckwheat cultivar to be developed by mutation breeding using gamma-ray irradiation. In 1999, 100 dry seeds of the leading Japanese cultivar, ‘Hokkai T8’ (known at that time as ‘Hokkei 1’), were gamma-ray-irradiated with a total dose of 500 Gy (25 Gy/h × 20 h) at the Institute of Radiation Breeding (IRB), National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Hitachiomiya, Ibaraki, Japan. The seeds were sown in August 1999 in a field at IRB, and M2 seeds were collected from the eight individual plants that survived. In August 2000, 240 M2 seeds were sown in a field, and one semidwarf plant was found. The line named ‘IRBFT-20’ developed from the selected plant was investigated for its semidwarf characteristic and genetic stability in 2001–2005. ‘IRBFT-20’ was submitted for registration in 2011 and registered as the cultivar ‘Darumadattan’ in 2013. This name was chosen because the plants resemble “Daruma dolls” and “dattan” means “Tartary” in Japanese. ‘Darumadattan’ is a highly lodging-resistant and high-yielding cultivar and is expected to be used as both a commercial cultivar and a crossing parent.

著者

Nguyen Viet Xuan 吉野 煕道 田原 誠

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.273-280, 1998-09-01

被引用文献数

1

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サトイモ(Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)の系統進化を解明するため,アイソザイムによる分析を試みることとし,その最初の研究として,アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ,エステラーゼ,ロイシンアミノペプチダーゼおよびホスホグルコムターゼの4種の酵素について,アイソザイムの多型並びにこれを支配する遺伝子座と対立遺伝子を調査した。材料としては,交雑と種子繁殖が可能なネパール及びタイ原産の2倍体8系統とこれらを自殖または交配して得た後代系統を用いた。葉身から抽出した試料を,ポリアクリルアミトゲルを用いて電気泳動後,活性染色した.得られた酵素泳動像から,各酵素のアイソザイムについて,これを支配する遺伝子座と対立遺伝子を推定し,後代における分離を検定することによって,アロザイム,遺伝子座および対立遺伝子を同定した。その結果,4つの酵素について,複数の対立遺伝子が存在する9遺伝子座を確認した。また,これら9座が支配する酵素のうち,4座については単量体であり,アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ,エステラーゼの2つの座については,二量体であることが分かった。サトイモの栽培種の多くは3倍体であり,その起源は,2倍体の非還元分裂配偶子と正常配偶子の受精によるものとされている。後代検定による関連遺伝子の同定が可能な2倍体を材料に,さらに他の酵素のアイソザイムを調査することにより,サトイモ全般にわたる遺伝変異,遺伝的な関係や系統進化の解明に貴重な情報をもたらすことが期待される。

著者

Takahiro Noda Kaoru Daiou Takashi Mihara Yukio Nagano

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21021, (Released:2021-10-12)

被引用文献数

7

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We previously developed insertion-deletion (InDel) markers that distinguish three genotypes (two homozygous and one heterozygous) of diverse citrus cultivars. These InDel markers were codominant and could be clearly detected by using simple agarose gel electrophoresis. We sought to establish a method for cultivar identification using these 28 InDel markers to genotype 31 citrus cultivars. The results revealed that a minimum of 6 markers were required to identify individuals using the three-genotype classification method. Furthermore, we found that a simple method for distinguishing between two genotypes (homozygous and heterozygous) could be used to identify individuals using a minimum of 7 markers. Our findings provide a basis for the development of simple and rapid citrus cultivar identification methods.

著者

Kousuke Seki

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20159, (Released:2021-08-20)

被引用文献数

6

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Coupled with the reduction in sequencing costs, the number of RAD-seq analysis have been surging, generating vast genetic knowledge in relation with many crops. Specialized platforms might be intimidating to non-expert users and difficult to implement on each computer despite the growing interest in the usage of the dataset obtained by high-throughput sequencing. Therefore, RAD-R scripts were developed on Windows10 for RAD-seq analysis, allowing users who are not familiar with bioinformatics to easily analyze big sequence data. These RAD-R scripts that run a flow from raw sequence reads of F2 population for the self-fertilization plants to the linkage map construction as well as the QTL analysis can be also useful to many users with limited experience due to the simplicity of copying Excel cells into the R console. During the comparison of linkage maps constructed by RAD-R scripts and Stacks, RAD-R scripts were shown to construct the linkage map with less missing genotype data and a shorter total genetic distance. QTL analysis results can be easily obtained by selecting the reliable genotype data that is visually inferred to be appropriate for error correction from the genotype data files created by RAD-R scripts.

著者

Takuya Wada Hiyori Monden Sachiko Isobe Kenta Shirasawa Takayuki Sueyoshi Chiharu Hirata Miyuki Mori Shiro Nagamatsu Yoshiki Tanaka

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20151, (Released:2021-08-20)

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Male sterility is one of the reproductive isolation systems in plants and quite useful for F1 seed production. We previously identified three independent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for male sterility of cultivated strawberry, Here, we identified the specific subgenomes in which these QTLs are located by QTL-seq approach. QTLs qMS4.1, qMS4.2, and qMS4.3 were mapped separately in subgenomes Fvb4-4, Fvb4-3, and Fvb4-1, respectively, in ‘Camarosa’ genome assembly v. 1.0.a1. Candidate regions of qMS4.1 and qMS4.3 were clearly detected around 12–26 Mb in Fvb4-4 and 12–14 Mb in Fvb4-1, respectively; those of qMS4.2 were fragmented in Fvb4-3, which suggests that some scaffolds were incorrectly assembled in Fvb4-3. qMS4.3 was mapped to chr4X1 of ‘Reikou’ genome assembly r2.3, and qMS4.1 and qMS4.2 were both mapped to chr4Av, which indicates that differentiation of the subgenomes in which both QTLs are located was insufficient in ‘Reikou’ r2.3. Although ‘Camarosa’ genome assembly v. 1.0.a1 is an unphased map, which merges homologous chromosomes into one sequence, ‘Reikou’ genome assembly r2.3 is a phased map, which separates homologous chromosomes. QTL mapping to different reference genomes clearly showed the specific features of each reference genome, and that using different kinds of reference map could accelerate fine mapping and map-based cloning of certain genes of cultivated strawberry.

著者

Yutaka Sato Katsutoshi Tsuda Yoshiyuki Yamagata Hiroaki Matsusaka Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae Yuri Yoshida Ayumi Agata Kim Nhung Ta Sae Shimizu-Sato Toshiya Suzuki Misuzu Nosaka-Takahashi Takahiko Kubo Shoko Kawamoto Ken-Ichi Nonomura Hideshi Yasui Toshihiro Kumamaru

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21005, (Released:2021-06-26)

被引用文献数

5

---

Biological resources are the basic infrastructure of bioscience research. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a good experimental model for research in cereal crops and monocots and includes important genetic materials used in breeding. The availability of genetic materials, including mutants, is important for rice research. In addition, Oryza species are attractive to researchers for both finding useful genes for breeding and for understanding the mechanism of genome evolution that enables wild plants to adapt to their own habitats. NBRP-RICE contributes to rice research by promoting the usage of genetic materials, especially wild Oryza accessions and mutant lines. Our activity includes collection, preservation and distribution of those materials and the provision of basic information on them, such as morphological and physiological traits and genomic information. In this review paper, we introduce the activities of NBRP-RICE and our database, Oryzabase, which facilitates the access to NBRP-RICE resources and their genomic sequences as well as the current situation of wild Oryza genome sequencing efforts by NBRP-RICE and other institutes.

著者

Ning Wang Naoko Kitamoto Ryo Ohsawa Tatsuhito Fujimura

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.107-112, 2008 (Released:2008-06-19)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

9 15

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Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a useful vegetable with diverse features and worldwide distribution; however, the diversification and domestication history of cultivated radish has not been well documented. In order to understand genetic relationships among radishes around the world and the resulting diversity, we analyzed 65 accessions of cultivated radish collected from 21 Eurasian and North African countries using 221 amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. These accessions formed four groups according to their provenance (Europe, Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia) in a neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. Despite geographical barriers, there might thus be a frequent exchange of germplasms within each region. The average genetic diversity did not differ significantly among the groups, ranging from 0.267 (Middle East) to 0.297 (East Asia), indicating that no obvious bottleneck effect in each region has occurred during the spread of this species.

著者

Young-Jun Park Kazuhiro Nemoto Tomotaro Nishikawa Kenichi Matsushima Mineo Minami Makoto Kawase

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.351-360, 2009 (Released:2009-12-18)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

17 20

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A full-length cDNA clone encoding granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI = Waxy gene) from grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) perisperm was isolated and characterized. Segregation of amylose content in F2 population suggested that the amylose content of A cruentus is controlled by a single gene, Waxy (GBSSI). cDNA clone of this gene is 2076 bp in length and contains an open reading frame of 1821 bp corresponding to a polypeptide of 606 amino acids residues, including a transit peptide of 77 amino acids. Comparison of the cDNA and genomic sequences (3492 bp) suggested that the amaranth GBSSI gene has 12 introns, of which exons 1–13 contributed to the coding sequence. The mature protein shares 70.2–75.3% sequence identity with GBSSI of dicots and about 64.0–67.8% identity with those of monocots. This protein contains the conserved motif KTGGL found in other GBSSI proteins, which has been implicated as the active site in glycogen synthase. Sequence analysis predicted that GBSSI of amaranth has a transit peptide of 77 amino acids including FIR↓S, which is different cleavage site that of the other dicot species. These results will provide more useful information for understanding the structure/function relationship of this protein from amaranths perisperm.

著者

Kenji Fujino Utako Yamanouchi

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19112, (Released:2020-06-05)

被引用文献数

6

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The optimization of flowering time is a key aspect in maximizing grain productivity in rice. Allelic variations in genes for flowering time are major drivers in the wide adaptability of cultivated rice around the world. Here, we identified a novel allele of flowering time gene Grain number, plant height and heading date 7 (Ghd7). Loss-of-function ghd7, Ghd7-0a, is important for extremely early flowering time for adaptability to cultivation in Hokkaido, Japan. However, the rice variety Sorachi lacks a key functional nucleotide polymorphism of Ghd7, which results in a loss of function of the gene. Based on the sequence of Ghd7 allele in Sorachi, we identified the insertion of a transposon-like sequence at an upstream site of Ghd7. Segregation analysis using an F2 population derived from the cross between Hoshinoyume and Sorachi demonstrated that the Ghd7 locus contributed to extremely early flowering time in Sorachi. This Ghd7 allele in Sorachi showed a weak function in terms of delay of flowering time, compared with loss-of-function allele, and a distinct distribution in northern Japan.