著者

須永 美歌子 涌井 佐和子 佐藤 馨 小菅(町田) 萌 亀本 佳世子 中村 亜紀 山田 満月

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.36-41, 2019 (Released:2019-08-30)

参考文献数

11

著者

緒方 博紀 飯塚 太郎 安藤 良介 山下 大地 尾崎 宏樹

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.38-51, 2023 (Released:2023-08-08)

参考文献数

38

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In this case report, we examined the performance changes during tapering in two badminton athletes (one male and one female) who advanced to the finals at the World Championships (WC). Furthermore, the significance of a resistance priming session implemented during tapering was discussed. Both athletes participated in a pre-competition training camp in Japan before the WC. A resistance priming session was scheduled one and two days before the WC for the male and female athletes, respectively. Non-countermovement jump (NCMJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) were measured using a linear position transducer to monitor performance responses from the camp to the WC final. The baseline of the jump performance was given from 15 days (male) and 151 days (female) prior to the WC final. In the male athlete, the mean power of NCMJ decreased 7 days before the finals. This result may be attributed to accumulated fatigue caused by high volume training in the training camp and the short taper period as well as long travel to the host city. In the female athlete, the mean velocity and power of CMJ were the same as baseline before the semi-final. That is, the quarter-final match, where she competed for 85 minutes-the longest game time among the previous matches, may have affected her fatigue. Regardless of these findings, both athletes showed higher jump performance than at baseline just before the final because the matches likely played a role in tapering. In addition, both athletes recorded their personal best jump height just before the final. These findings may indicate that jump performance can be an indicator of tapering and peaking. The findings of this report also demonstrate that athletes may maintain resistance training adaptations by taking advantage of resistance priming for peaking and tapering.

著者

森下 義隆 村田 宗紀

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.88-100, 2020 (Released:2020-10-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, we investigated the kinematic characteristics of various pitch types thrown by skilled softball pitchers. Nine female softball pitchers from the national Japanese softball team were requested to throw various pitch types that are used in competition and practice using the windmill style, while a three-dimensional motion capture system consisting of 20 infrared cameras (500 Hz) recorded reflective markers attached to the ball. The kinematic characteristics, such as the ball speed, spin rate, and direction of spin axis (angular velocity vector) were calculated from the measured coordinate values. The types of pitches (fastball, riseball, drop, and changeup) thrown by more than 5 pitchers were analyzed. The spin axes of all the analyzed trials were mostly oriented in the direction of the ball and upwards. The average ball speed of the fastball pitched by all pitchers had the highest, and in the case of the right-handed pitcher, the displacement of flight trajectory on the home plate changed by approximately 0.17 m downward and 0.06 m toward the left-handed batter under the influence of the lift force, as compared to that of the balls that were projected without rotation. Furthermore, when the flight trajectories of other pitch types were compared with that of fastball, the riseball, drop, and changeup types were shown to change in the upward, downward, and upper left directions, respectively. Our findings can be used as a guide to develop new pitch types or improve those that are currently employed in the game.

著者

石橋 彩

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.86-92, 2020 (Released:2020-10-04)

参考文献数

33

著者

吉野 昌恵 井上 なぎさ 吉﨑 貴大 石橋 彩 近藤 衣美 元永 恵子 上東 悦子 蒲原 一之 亀井 明子

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.62-73, 2020 (Released:2020-10-10)

参考文献数

12

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Japan Institute of Sports Sciences routinely publishes information about supplements for athletes on its website. This information needs to be regularly updated based on athletes’ needs, the International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement, various health hazard reports, and evidence of performance-enhancing effects of supplements used by athletes. We investigated supplement use among 682 Japanese elite athletes who participated in the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games. Supplement use was investigated based on a self-reported medical health questionnaire. We observed that 631 (92.5%) athletes used ≧1 supplements within the year prior to study enrollment. Amino acids were the most popular supplements consumed by 58.8% of athletes who admitted to supplement use. Recovery from fatigue was the most popular reason cited for supplement use. Among the athletes who used supplements, 57.4% received information regarding supplement use from their coaches, managers, and trainers, and 16.3% received information from healthcare professionals (i.e., physicians, pharmacists, and dietitians). Some athletes were unaware of the types of supplements that they used. A few athletes reported using supplements only because these products were being used by their teammates and admitted that their consumption of supplements was not meant for any particular purpose. This finding indicates that some athletes did not consider the necessity for and effects of supplements before using them. Therefore, athletes should have access to appropriate information regarding supplement use, including the rationale that justifies their consumption, as well as their effectiveness and safety to ensure judicious use of supplements in this population.

著者

衣笠 泰介 榎本 恭介 荒井 弘和 野口 順子

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.113-124, 2021 (Released:2022-02-09)

参考文献数

53

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In general, well-being refers to living a more fulfilling life and the theoretical concept has been established in the field such as psychology, economics, and sociology. Several issues related to mental health such as depression and eating disorders are surfacing in elite athletes. However, the definition of athlete well-being was not clear and the concepts related to athlete well-being needed to be theoretically validated. Thus, the aim of the study was to conduct a narrative review of athlete well-being to achieve consensus among international and national experts on the relevant concepts of mental health, wellness, dual career, and athlete lifestyle. It was found that the concepts related to well-being and mental health in sport have not been clearly defined in the literature. The experts agreed on the definition of athlete well-being, the scope of dealing with mental health, and the holistic support required for elite athletes. Further studies are needed to fully understand the current status of athlete well-being in Japanese elite athletes and also to develop the diagnostic tools and other measurement scales which can be used in practice.

著者

近藤 衣美

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.93-105, 2020 (Released:2020-10-04)

参考文献数

84

著者

小畑 直之 長尾 秀行 三浦 智和

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.74-84, 2022 (Released:2022-12-18)

参考文献数

23

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This study aimed to identify the characteristics of snatch lift in top-class Japanese female weightlifters. The hypothesis was that lifters who are good at the snatch had lower barbell velocity in the 1st pull and longer heel contact time based on their weightlifting coaching points. Female lifters who competed in the 2021 All Japan Women's Weightlifting Championships were included in the study. Lifters who had a small difference in scores between the best attempts in snatch and clean & jerk lifts comprised Group A (good at snatch), while those who had a greater difference in scores comprised Group B (NOT good at snatch). The two-dimensional position coordinates of the barbell of each athlete's best snatch attempt during competition were calculated from video analysis to determine the kinematic variables of the barbell. Heel contact time was also determined from video images and compared between groups. The results supported the hypothesis: athletes in Group A had a significantly smaller mean vertical velocity of the barbell in the 1st pull phase than the athletes in Group B (0.45±0.05[m/s], 0.52±0.05[m/s], p<0.001, d=1.179). However, there were no significant differences in mean vertical velocity of the barbell in the 2nd pull phase or in vertical maximum velocity between groups. Heel contact time was also significantly larger in Group A (0.61±0.04[s], 0.53±0.06[s], p<0.001, d=1.347). Finally, there was a negative relationship between the mean vertical velocity of the barbell during the 1st pull phase of the snatch and the best snatch attempt that standardized body weight (r=-0.287, p<0.05). These results suggest that slow and careful execution of the 1st pull and keeping the feet flat in the snatch positively affect the performance.

著者

三浦 康二 蔭山 雅洋 黒阪 翔 津野 天兵 渡辺 圭佑

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.58-70, 2021 (Released:2021-12-29)

参考文献数

20

著者

衣笠 泰介 児島 雄三郎

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.44-52, 2020 (Released:2020-04-26)

参考文献数

35

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The uniqueness of Paralympic sport or para-sport is evident in the practical tasks necessary for athletes with physical disabilities to participate in para-sport and to continue to being involved. Classification is also an unique system to promote para-sport participation by minimizing the impact of impairment on the outcome of competition. Thus, the inclusive and quality participation framework is needed, and the classification system is the integral part of the process of athlete development in para-sport. The aim of the study was to conduct an environmental scan in para-sport and discuss talent identification and development for Japanese Paralympic athletes. The National Talent Identification and Development (NTID) program in Olympic sport was strategically implemented by Japan Sport Council (JSC) in 2012 as a new national project to identify, confirm, and develop pathways of medal potential athletes. Before implementing the NTID program in para-sport, the 3C’s (Customer, Company, and Competitor) model was used as a marketing tool to analyze the current sporting environment in para-sport. Based on the current analysis, a biological and inclusive approach was taken in NTID by considering sports science testing and classification for para sports etc. Ten athletes were identified by National Federations from 56 participants over 2 years from 2017 to 2018, and they are currently aiming to become future medalists. Ultimately, NTID is an entry point to high performance sport and is a part of whole of the athlete development pathway for Japanese Paralympic athletes. In future, JSC will continue to work on talent identification and development programs with key stakeholders by integrating Olympic sport and para-sport to promote participation and increase the talent pool in para-sport.

著者

土屋 裕睦 秋葉 茂季 衣笠 泰介 杉田 正明

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.13-22, 2021 (Released:2021-08-25)

参考文献数

13

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The Intelligence and Scientific Support team of the Japanese Olympic Committee (JOC) surveyed all JOC-Athletes Targeted for Olympic High Performance (n=995) on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020. The athletes responded to a web-based questionnaire. This study analyzed psychological stress responses and communication status from questionnaire data collected from identical participants using similar methods to the JOC Athlete Survey Part-1 (Sugita et al., 2021). Results indicated that summer sports athletes had significantly higher stress responses than winter sports athletes. Moreover, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) score suggested that the proportion of summer sports athletes suffering from psychological distress (K6≧13) exceeded 10%. Mental health of summer sports athletes might have deteriorated due to the psychological impact of postponing the Tokyo 2020 Games. The stress response and mental health scores were positively correlated with stressors and negatively correlated with stress coping ability (Sense of Coherence: SOC). We speculate that reducing stressors associated with self-restraint and improving individual athletes' SOC might reduce stress responses and maintain or improve their mental health. Furthermore, the lack of communication between the athletes and their teammates and the coaches was indicated, especially during the state of emergency. Therefore, more holistic support activities for providing psychological support to Japanese elite athletes with mental health concerns using communication technologies, including videos and web conferences, might be required in the future.

著者

高橋 佐江子 笹代 純平 清水 怜有 鈴木 章 高嶋 直美 堀田 泰史 久々知 修平 深見 和矢 中嶋 耕平 奥脇 透

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.11-23, 2022 (Released:2022-05-22)

参考文献数

24

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In order to investigate the effect of sports activities restriction during the COVID-19 pandemic on physical function among athletes, this study compared the physical measurements of athletes from immediately after lifting the restriction of activities with their measurements after returning to competition. The subjects were twenty-nine Japanese top-level athletes (male: 14, female: 15). Measurements of the upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs were performed from the viewpoint of injury prevention. The results showed that in female athletes, the upper limb functions of external rotation at maximum elevation and scapular adduction, and lower limb muscle power and muscle mass were significantly improved after returning to competition compared to immediately after the lifting of restrictions. There was no significant difference observed in the trunk measurements of both male and female athletes. In the future, these results will be useful in conditioning athletes if sports activities are once again restricted.

著者

衣笠 泰介 舩先 康平 藤原 昌 Elissa Morley Jason Gulbin

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.127-140, 2019 (Released:2019-11-15)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

1

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After the literature review, there are various models of athlete development pathway, but the international framework, FTEM (Foundation, Talent, Elite, Mastery), is a useful framework for understanding the stages of athlete development from grassroots to the podium with practical application by National Federations (NFs). We propose an inclusive and evidence-informed framework “The Japanese FTEM”. The unique framework is applicable nationally to the whole of sport for bridging the gap between theory and practice of athlete development by taking into account the cultural and social context in Japan. The Japanese FTEM is an inclusive and evidence-informed framework in which sport and athlete development are integrated. It can be used as a guide for practitioners of athlete development such as NFs to co-design a sport-specific mid- to long-term development plan for sustainable success.

著者

山下 大地 西牧 未央 長尾 秀行 池田 道生 沼田 幹雄 井上 謙二 西口 茂樹

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.33-43, 2020

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Wrestlers are categorized into a series of weight classes to ensure fair competition. Since the implementation of new rules in January 2018, weight categories and the timings of weigh-ins have changed. The purpose of the study was to establish baseline physical profiles, such as body composition, muscle strength, power, and endurance for Japanese elite freestyle wrestlers in each of the new weight classes. We collected a total of 242 data points from 70 elite Japanese male freestyle wrestlers at 14 training camps over two years. Body composition measurements, one-repetition maximum tests (bench press, parallel back squat, one-handed dumbbell snatch, and weighted chinup) and muscle endurance tests (pull-up) were performed. Body fat percentages for wrestlers in the 86-kg class or below were from 9.1% to 11.6%, whereas body fat percentages for wrestlers in the 92-, 97-, and 125-kg classes were 14.0 ± 3.5, 19.8 ± 6.9, and 26.6 ± 3.4%, respectively. This result suggests that the wrestlers in the heavier weight classes have a higher capacity to reduce body fat and increase muscle mass, which is essential if they improve strength and power. Absolute muscle strength and power performance tended to increase with heavier classes (the major results were as follows: 1RM bench press: 88.0 ± 13.0 kg in the 57-kg class and 142.0 ± 13.0 kg in the 125-kg class), whereas these relative values tended to decrease with heavier classes. Muscle endurance performance tended to decrease with heavier classes (the pull-up test: 23.8 ± 1.5 repetitions in the 61-kg class and 10.0 ± 5.4 repetitions in the 125-kg class). This study provides baseline data that can be used in the prescription of individual training programs for wrestlers, assessing areas of strength and weakness, and developing the wrestler's technical-tactical strategies.

著者

遠藤 拓哉 立谷 泰久

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.107-114, 2021 (Released:2021-12-29)

参考文献数

24

著者

久木留 毅 野口 順子

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.174-188, 2020 (Released:2021-01-06)

参考文献数

52

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The purpose of this research was to consider the possibility for the development of evidence-based policy making (EBPM) in the field of sport through the case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19, originated in Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread world-wide and severely impacted society in several fields. High performance sport is no exception. The Tokyo 2020 Games, professional leagues and many competitions had to be suspended or postponed. Most of the training centers around the world partially or completely closed to protect athletes’ health and safety. Furthermore, restrictions of public life such as quarantine affected the physical and psychological conditioning of athletes. The planning and preparation to return to sport activities was therefore considered extremely important. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) developed a strategic partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO) to provide evidence-based information and advice to sports organizations. WHO published sport-specific guidelines and the IOC encouraged International Federations (Ifs) to follow WHO’s guidance. With the establishment of R&D Blueprint in 2016, the WHO is in a position to coordinate a global coalition of experts to accelerate the R&D process which develops new norms and standards during epidemics such as COVID-19. On one hand, various sporting organizations (government agencies, training centers, Olympic and Paralympic Committees), collaborated and shared information for decision-making. There was, however, concern for the lack of research-based evidence. The experience of COVID-19 showcased the importance to prepare and plan for the future based on evidence generated through research. Until now, evidence-based policy making (EBPM) has been rarely discussed in the field of sport. The High Performance Sport Center (HPSC) is the only one organization that owns a database storing various information related to sport in Japan, and therefore has the potential to foster the implementation of EBPM in the field of sport by utilizing its database.

著者

袴田 智子 谷中 拓哉 山本 真帆 設楽 佳世

出版者

独立行政法人 日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター

雑誌

Journal of High Performance Sport (ISSN:24347299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.12-22, 2020

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The purpose of this article was to introduce fitness testing for Japanese para-athletes conducted at Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS). Additionally, current challenges we face and our approaches for those challenges will be explained. Since 2015, fitness check-up for para-athletes have been carried out at JISS. The accumulated knowledge from scientific researches and know-how for supporting the Olympic sports for long time at JISS have been applied for Paralympic sports. Therefore, main fitness check-up services provided for the para-athletes have been similar to the Olympic athletes, which include body composition measurements, muscle strength tests, and aerobic and anaerobic capacity tests. However, the test protocols are modified and customized based on physical characteristics, or the types and degree of disabilities of each para-athlete. Their fitness levels and skills needed for their sports are assessed through tests that are specific to the sports. Our next challenges are to develop a testing method that can be customized for various types of disabilities for every sport and to establish fitness testing method with high accuracy for para-athletes.