著者

三浦 尚之 渡部 徹 藤井 健吉 金谷 祐里 田中 宏明 村上 道夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.71-81, 2018-05-25 (Released:2018-06-09)

参考文献数

44

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In developed countries with water supply and sewerage systems, risk of waterborne infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria has been controlled at a certain level employing the water quality standards using fecal indicator bacteria. However, behavior of viruses and protozoa in water treatment processes or environmental water is different from those of indicator bacteria, and a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach for the management of risk from specific pathogenic microorganisms has been used in the U.S., etc. In this review article, we overview the waterborne microbial risk studies on the leading edge with pointing out some critical issues in this field. The topics include environmental survey on microbial contamination, risk assessment and modeling, risk management, and risk communication.

著者

海上 智昭 田辺 修一 渡辺 美香 相川 沙織 須藤 啓介 岡村 信也

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.4, pp.199-218, 2012 (Released:2013-06-04)

参考文献数

104

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The early 1920s was an epoch making era for research on disasters, especially in the behavioural/ social science research areas. Since the first behavioural/social scientific research on disasters was tailored by Prince in 1920, research on disasters has gained popularity and importance over time with a substantial amount of literature exploring the interaction between human society and disasters. By tracing how the term “disaster” has evolved and shifted over time, the authours identify key trends in behavioural/scientific approach to disasters. The authours present a selective overview of research on disasters to synthesize the insights of the past research, and move in the direction of presenting a clear answer for the old yet new question of what disaster is and what it means. Possible directions for future research were also discussed.

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.3-22, 2008-12

被引用文献数

4

著者

真山 武志 吉澤 伸介 外山 博視 佐々 義子

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.4_3-4_10, 2009

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New method of Risk Communication on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) is needed for improvement of public acceptance in Japan. We introduce the practice for improvement of Bio Card Game (BCG) on GMO based on DEMOCS, Card Game developed in UK. DEMOCS has some purposes in addition to method of Risk Communication and the process is complex for players. We tried to improve BCG for simple rule and easy process. In conclusion, BCG on GMO composing of only 10 cards was expected to be suitable method of Risk Communication and effective way of PE (Public Engagement) on GMO by two trails.

著者

緒方 裕光

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS, JAPAN

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.2_3-2_9, 2009 (Released:2012-03-09)

参考文献数

16

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We need to describe or deal with uncertainty in risk analysis because risk inherently involves chance or probability. There have been many discussions to define uncertainty in risk analysis. However, different types of uncertainty appear in risk analysis in different ways. Some of them are quantifiable by probabilities, some are not. The appropriate method to characterize the uncertainty, which can be caused by incomplete knowledge or stochastic variability, depends on the kind of its source. The most important result of considering uncertainties in risk analysis is an insight that its consideration gives to the risk assessor. This review presents the basic concepts to deal with uncertainty in risk analysis.

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.2_3-2_22, 2008 (Released:2012-08-22)

参考文献数

90

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The forms of risk communication in Japan changed drastically after the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. While the pre-Earthquake risk communication was based on the myth of zero-risk, the post-Earthquake risk communication has required a much higher level of fair and open information, which is now the main current of this field. At the same time, other theoretical and practical problems have recently been founded. Those problems include (1)the philosophy and value system underlying risk communication, (2)the causal relation between risk communication and credibility, (3)whether the citizen really wants risk information or not, (4)whether citizen’s risk perception is emotional or not, (5)the organizational climate as a factor in successful risk communication, (6)misunderstanding of the meaning of precautionary principle, (7)the skill of the risk communicator, (8)the importance of wording in risk communication, (9)how to construct good relations between risk agent and mass media , etc. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the notion of risk communication with the macro view (in both time and space), which used to be based on the idea of a one-shot and local solution to future disasters.

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.19_3-19_17, 2009 (Released:2012-07-19)

参考文献数

102

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The forms of risk communication in Japan changed drastically after the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. While the pre-Earthquake risk communication was based on the myth of zero-risk, the post-Earthquake risk communication has required a much higher level of fair and open information, which is now the main current of this field. At the same time, other theoretical and practical problems have recently been founded. Those problems include (1)the philosophy and value system underlying risk communication, (2)the causal relation between risk communication and credibility, (3)whether the citizen really want risk information or not, (4)whether citizen‘s risk perception is emotional or not, (5)the organizational climate as a factor in successful risk communication, (6)misunderstanding of the meaning of precautionary principle, (7)the skill of the risk communicator, (8)the importance of wording in risk communication, (9)how to construct good relations between risk agent and mass media , etc. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the notion of risk communication with the macro view (in both time and space), which used to be based on the idea of a one-shot and local solution to future disasters.

著者

大野 浩一

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.81-85, 2013 (Released:2014-05-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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Regarding risk management for emergent water quality accidents, the author believes better risk governance is not achieved by mere total optimization of systems of law regarding water management but by the flexible coalition among respective optimized systems. A questionnaire survey on the perception for water supply suspension was conducted after the water quality accident by formaldehyde in May, 2012. As preliminary results, 43% of respondents did not want suspension of water supply even if the water did not satisfy the standard values. If the water for oral intake purpose could be ensured by other sources such as bottled water, 86% did not want the suspension. These results suggested public anxiety for adverse health effects by the water that exceeded the standard values even if the exceedance did not cause adverse health effects. Risk communication on meaning and effect of “exceeding the standard values” should be important to mitigate the anxiety.

著者

滝上 英孝 酒井 伸一 新美 育文

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.77-80, 2013 (Released:2014-05-30)

参考文献数

8

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Discussion was conducted at a national investigative commission on the Tone River system water pollution accident by formaldehyde occurred in May 2012. The objectives of the commission were establishment of preventive and restoration measures against this water pollution case based on the appropriate legislation development. Discussion results at the commission and the following countermeasures were summarized from the viewpoint of chemical and waste management in this paper. Briefly, aqueous monitoring for hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), a precursor of formaldehyde and information transfer of HMT-containing wastes during waste treatment processing have been strengthened.

著者

楠見 孝 平山 るみ

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.165-172, 2013 (Released:2014-05-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

4

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We conducted a questionnaire survey among 1500 citizens to investigate the factors and functions of food.related risk literacy in relation to reflective cognitive style, critical thinking attitude, educational background, knowledge of risks, and scientific literacy. On basis of the data gathered and using structural equation modeling, we created a causal model of food-related risk literacy. Participants’ deliberative thinking styles and educational backgrounds had a direct effect on their critical thinking attitude. Critical thinking attitude affected scientific literacy and knowledge of food-related risks, which in turn, affected media literacy. The data suggest that critical thinking attitude is important for improving scientific and media literacy about food-related risks as it serves a mediator for the effects of reflective cognitive style and educational background.

著者

糸井 達哉

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.177-177, 2012 (Released:2013-06-04)

著者

菅野 純

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.169-174, 2011 (Released:2012-03-27)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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After the crisis of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors, the media started to broadcast comments of radiation doctors and researchers saying “there is no harm up to 100mSv”, “it would be worse for your health if you do not take proper amount of exercises or green vegetables by avoiding radiation”, “smoking is much worse than the current levels of radiation”, some of them were totally against the decades-long efforts of the toxicologist who have been campaigning the harmful effects of smoking, poor exercise, low vegetable intake, etc. These comments can be given as a “Mund Therapie” given by a doctor to a patient in a hospital, only to the people who were, unfortunately, exposed to radiation. The source of confusion of the public was such a sudden change in radiation risk information which is very different from ICRP-based radiation protection guidance. Here, differences and similarities of radiation and chemical in biology, risk assessment, risk management and risk communication are briefly discussed as a starter for a closer interaction between radiation and chemical biologists/scientists/regulators.

著者

宮本 定明 村尾 修

出版者

日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.55-58, 2008-08

著者

真山 武志 吉澤 伸介 外山 博視 佐々 義子

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.4_3-4_10, 2009 (Released:2011-11-01)

参考文献数

9

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New method of Risk Communication on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) is needed for improvement of public acceptance in Japan. We introduce the practice for improvement of Bio Card Game (BCG) on GMO based on DEMOCS, Card Game developed in UK. DEMOCS has some purposes in addition to method of Risk Communication and the process is complex for players. We tried to improve BCG for simple rule and easy process. In conclusion, BCG on GMO composing of only 10 cards was expected to be suitable method of Risk Communication and effective way of PE (Public Engagement) on GMO by two trails.

著者

佐藤 菜生 高崎 いゆき 村尾 智 吉川 肇子 竹村 和久

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.4_33-4_41, 2009 (Released:2011-11-01)

参考文献数

17

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The purpose of this study was to examine risk perceptions of artisanal/small-scale miners in the Philippines. We analyzed a survey data using questionnaire technique and drawing picture technique. The results of the questionnaire technique indicated that artisanal/small-scale miners underestimated the risk of artisanal/small-scale mining. However, most of the artisanal/small-scale miners drew cave-ins and collapse of drift, headings or stopes as what they feel dangerous. The complementary use of the drawing picture technique has enabled us to examine risk perceptions of artisanal/small-scale miners from different perspectives. Based on this experience, the possibility of using drawing picture technique in the risk research was discussed.

著者

大友 章司 岩崎 祥一

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.33-42, 2011 (Released:2011-11-17)

参考文献数

26

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This study examined the effects of the media on the dual-motivation model of earthquake preparedness. The model proposed that earthquake preparedness was determined by two motivations: the intentional motivation that leads to taking an action consciously and the unintentional motivation elicited by the quiet situation affording not to take an action. 92 university students in Sendai city and 96 university students in Nagoya city answered questionnaire. The results indicated that both intentional and unintentional motivations predicted earthquake preparedness. Moreover, students in Nagoya city engaged in more earthquake preparedness activities than students in Sendai city. Between Sendai and Nagoya samples, we found the differences of the direct effects on earthquake preparedness and the indirect effects through the determinants of the model on earthquake preparedness in local and personal media. This study highlights the importance of the role that media plays in promoting earthquake preparedness.