著者

野村 実広 村上 道夫 小野 雄也

出版者

東京大学生産技術研究所

雑誌

生産研究 (ISSN:0037105X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.171-175, 2017-05-01 (Released:2017-05-30)

参考文献数

18

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近年,気候変動と犯罪の関連への懸念が増している.本研究では,1967 年から2011 年までの東京都における気温と犯罪件数の関係を調査した.強姦と猥褻が夏季に多いことが判明した.強姦と猥褻の月別犯罪件数比(当該年における1 カ月あたりの平均件数に対する当該月の犯罪件数の比)は,それぞれ冬季,夏季に平均気温の上昇とともに有意に上昇した.気温の上昇は強姦と猥褻のリスクの増加をもたらす可能性があることが示唆された.

著者

村上 道夫 大沼 進 柴田 侑秀 高田 モモ 小林 智之 後藤 あや 保高 徹生

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SRA-L-22-021, (Released:2022-12-26)

参考文献数

30

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The environment surrounding surveys requiring the cooperation of participants has been changing, with increasing awareness of the need to protect personal information and the use of online surveys. Issues such as how to respond to inquiries from participants, what should be communicated to relevant bodies in advance about the survey, and how to provide incentives and feedback to participants are important to ease tension and prevent conflicts between participants and researchers, or between researchers and relevant bodies, and to increase the public trust in researchers and the science. Based on the authors’ experiences, this letter summarizes notes for conducting surveys that require participants’ cooperation. As the social impact of research has been gaining increasing attention, it is expected that practical tips and views on conducting field surveys are widely shared.

著者

村上 道夫 滝沢 智

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.8, pp.103-114, 2010 (Released:2010-08-10)

参考文献数

118

被引用文献数

9 7

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Perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs) such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) have been detected worldwide in surface water, groundwater, seawater, drinking water and aquatic organisms. In 2009, PFOS was added to the listing of the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, and PFOS and PFOA were also added to the items for further study of drinking water quality standard in Japan. Concerns and interests about PFSs in water environments are rapidly increasing. In this review, we organized knowledge of sources, occurrences, removal efficiencies of treatments, toxicities, bioaccumulation, management and regulations of several PFS homologues including perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and their precursors, and provided perspectives on PFS problems. In this review, we also highlighted that relatively longer-chain perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) such as PFNA and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) are more toxic and bioaccumulative than relatively shorter-chain PFCAs such as PFOA, that PFNA extensively pollutes water environments in Japan compared with the case in other countries, and that the loadings of longer-chain PFCAs have not been reduced despite the reduction of PFOS and PFOA. The pollution by PFNA is particularly of concern in Japan. Thus, management and risk control of PFS homologues including longer-chain PFSs such as PFNA are now required.

著者

奥田 知明 村上 道夫 内藤 航 篠原 直秀 藤井 健吉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SRA-0364, (Released:2021-04-30)

参考文献数

32

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Since airborne transmission has been considered as a possible infection route for the novel coronavirus in addition to contact and droplet infection routes, ventilation is an important measure against airborne route. In this paper, we describe the history of setting regulatory standard values and the interpretation of CO2 concentration as a measure against infectious diseases. Although the standard value of 1,000 ppm is not intended originally for infection control, it is practically useful as a guide value for potential infection risk management.

著者

内藤 航 岡 敏弘 小野 恭子 村上 道夫 保高 徹生 石井 秀樹 黒田 佑次郎 作美 明

出版者

国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

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福島の地域住民や行政と連携した個人被ばく線量の実態把握、リスク対策に資する個人被ばく推定手法の開発、被ばく線量低減対策の社会経済性評価と国内外におけるリスク対策(食品基準の設定)等を分析・整理を行った。福島の避難解除準備地域における個人被ばく線量の実測値は、ばらつきは大きいものの、当初の推定より低いことが実証された。被ばく線量低減対策の費用はチェルノブイリのそれと比較すると相当高いことがわかった。本研究により得られたエビデンスは、科学的合理性が高く社会に受容されるリスク対策の検討において、貴重な情報を提供すると考えられる。

著者

村上 道夫

出版者

東京大学生産技術研究所

雑誌

生産研究 (ISSN:0037105X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.5, pp.645-649, 2011 (Released:2011-11-14)

著者

村上 道夫 小林 智之 越智 小枝 後藤 あや 五十嵐 泰正

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SRA-0361, (Released:2021-05-19)

参考文献数

41

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A planning session was held at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis, Japan, with the aim of sorting out the similarities and differences between the Fukushima disaster and the COVID-19 pandemic, and discussing the implications for social policy. This paper reports on the planning session, entitled “Thinking about COVID-19 from Fukushima and Fukushima from COVID-19.” This paper reports on the topics including “Risk perception, psychological distress and social division at the Fukushima disaster and COVID-19 pandemic,” “Why Japanese people pursuit null-risk?: Lessons learned from the two disasters,” “Risk perception and resilience among mothers: Data from the Fukushima nuclear accident and COVID-19 pandemic,” and “Perspectives on societal risk trade-offs: Nuclear accident /pandemic.” Although the disaster and the pandemic have different characteristics, it was confirmed that there are many findings that need to be shared regarding various individual and societal risk issues, risk trade-offs, and measures to recognize and adapt to these risks. The significance of interdisciplinary and bird’s eye view disaster risk research across disaster types and disciplines was highlighted.

著者

村上 道夫

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.32-37, 2017 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

37

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Although public interest on safety standards is increasing, the evidence and protocols associated with the standards are not known well to the public and even experts. Discussing the evidence of standards is essential for risk communication, and interdisciplinary and systematical understanding on how to establish standards are also beneficial for considering the set-up of new standards. In this article, on the basis of examples in environmental science, industrial health and safety, and radiological protection, I overview and systemize the establishment of the standards from the perspectives of three principles of risk management: 1) “zero-risk-like” standards, 2) “acceptable-risk-based” standards, and 3) “cost-balanced” standards. In this view, I point out the differences in uncertainty factors or acceptable-risk levels among individual standards and demonstrate the role of the “as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA)” concept. Then, on the basis of the problem on lack of environmental standards in nonstationary states such as disasters, I summarize elements necessary for establishing the standards. As perspectives for further study, I suggest the needs for risk assessment of chemicals having a threshold, full considerations of risk trade-offs and ethical aspects, and applications of processes to the establishment of standards through stakeholder consensus.

著者

奥田 知明 村上 道夫 内藤 航 篠原 直秀 藤井 健吉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.207-212, 2021-06-25 (Released:2021-06-23)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

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Since airborne transmission has been considered as a possible infection route for the novel coronavirus in addition to contact and droplet infection routes, ventilation is an important measure against airborne route. In this paper, we describe the history of setting regulatory standard values and the interpretation of CO2 concentration as a measure against infectious diseases. Although the standard value of 1,000 ppm is not intended originally for infection control, it is practically useful as a guide value for potential infection risk management.

著者

村上 道夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.141-149, 2016-12-25 (Released:2017-02-10)

参考文献数

73

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At processes of risk communication, it is important to capture the meanings of “safety”, which citizens use in everyday speech. In this study, I focused on the interpretations of safety and reassurance in dictionaries as everyday words, and comprehensively surveyed 18 representative dictionaries (60 when revisions are included) since the Meiji Period to summarize historical changes and current status of them. While reassurance was interpreted from psychological aspects in all the dictionaries, safety had two types of interpretations of the word. The first type of the interpretation contained psychological aspects. It could not be judged whether the second type of the interpretation included psychological aspects or not. There were no significant differences in uses of these types of interpretations in dictionaries between before the World War II and the present. This study highlights that the interpretations of safety are complex and differ among dictionaries.

著者

山口 富子 福島 真人 橋本 敬 日比野 愛子 纐纈 一起 村上 道夫 鈴木 舞 秋吉 貴雄 綾部 広則 田原 敬一郎

出版者

国際基督教大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

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本研究は、現代社会にさまざまな影響を及ぼす「予測」という行為に焦点を当て、「予測をめぐる科学技術的実践の多様性とそれが政治あるいは社会に与える影響」、また「政治あるいは社会が予測という行為に与える影響」を明らかにすることを目標とする。その問いの答えを導き出すために、平成29年度は、地震、市場、感染症、食と農、犯罪など、諸分野に観察される「予測」の問題について、科学社会学、科学人類学、科学政策、社会心理学、地震学の立場から、個別の事例研究を推進した。事例研究を推進する過程においては、異なる分野で観察される諸現象についても理解を深めるために、科研メンバー間で事例研究の進捗状況を報告するとともに、関連する分野の専門的知識を持つ連携研究者やゲストスピーカを招き、予測と社会の問題についての理解に勉めた。「災害リスク・コミュニケーションの課題と展望」(京都大学防災研究所巨大災害研究センター、矢守克也氏)、「将来予測の方法論」(JAIST北陸先端科学技術大学院大学客員教授、奥和田久美氏)らが主だった話題提供者である。これまでの研究討議を通して、「予測科学」を社会科学的に理解するためには、予測ツールと人びとの行為の接続の問題、政策的ツールに包含される予測と社会の問題等が掘り下げるべき主要な論点である事が解り、平成30年度は、これらの論点を中心に議論を継続し、多様な事例を統合する方策を模索する。また、研究成果を研究者コミュニティーに還元するために、科学技術社会論学会年次大会において「予測をめぐる科学と社会」というタイトルのオーガナイズドセッションを行った事も主要な研究業績として挙げられる。セッションの取りまとめは、若手研究者である鈴木舞氏が行い、研究者育成にも配慮をした。学会での発表要旨、登壇者等については、本科研のホームページを通して日本語と英語で公表し、社会に向けて情報発信も行った。

著者

村上 道夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.41-42, 2018-09-25 (Released:2018-10-19)

著者

村上 道夫 坪倉 正治 鳥居 寛之 Yuliya Lyamzina 林 岳彦 宇野 賀津子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.259-263, 2023-05-15 (Released:2023-05-16)

参考文献数

8

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Social networking services (SNS) such as Twitter play an important role in the collective knowledge, consensus of citizens and decision making regarding various countermeasures. In particular, since SNS have great power to communicate information in the context of disasters and pandemics, scientists and administrators are required to understand how people’s collective knowledge and trust are formed through SNS and how to communicate risk and scientific information using SNS. Therefore, a special session entitled “Considering the state of scientific information dissemination during crises in the age of social networking” was held at the 35th Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis Japan. Risk and scientific information dissemination using SNS regarding the Fukushima disaster was discussed: characteristics related to information diffusion on Twitter, the evaluation and fact check of information that influenced the evacuation behavior in Fukushima, and recommendations for scientific information dissemination in the age of SNS derived from these research findings. This paper introduces the contents of the presentations and discussions at the session.

著者

保高 徹生 村上 道夫 仲村 健太郎 加茂 将史 内藤 航 竹下 潤一 井元 清哉 大竹 文雄 井出 和希 岸本 充生 粥川 準二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.145-150, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-04-22)

参考文献数

18

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As the novel coronavirus disease continues, attention has been focused on holding mass gathering events while protecting the safety of spectators, players and staffs. In this session, we discussed the implementation of frequent antigen testing and PCR testing for players and staffs in the J-League, a model evaluation of the effectiveness of infection risk reduction, and the incentives and ethical and social aspects of vaccination and testing packages. We deepened our knowledge of effective testing systems, strategies to improve vaccination coverage, and ethical and social aspects of vaccination and testing packages, and confirmed that countermeasures against novel coronavirus disease can be organically linked in actual practices such as the J-League.

著者

三浦 尚之 渡部 徹 藤井 健吉 金谷 祐里 田中 宏明 村上 道夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.71-81, 2018-05-25 (Released:2018-06-09)

参考文献数

44

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In developed countries with water supply and sewerage systems, risk of waterborne infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria has been controlled at a certain level employing the water quality standards using fecal indicator bacteria. However, behavior of viruses and protozoa in water treatment processes or environmental water is different from those of indicator bacteria, and a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach for the management of risk from specific pathogenic microorganisms has been used in the U.S., etc. In this review article, we overview the waterborne microbial risk studies on the leading edge with pointing out some critical issues in this field. The topics include environmental survey on microbial contamination, risk assessment and modeling, risk management, and risk communication.