著者

野口 聡一 木下 冨雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.1-10, 2014-08-18 (Released:2015-03-30)

参考文献数

18

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The purpose of this study is to investigate how a microgravity environment affects spatial orientation, the cognitive system, and interpersonal relationships, hence changes in gravity reference frames. After leaving the terrestrial globe, astronauts experience drastic perceptual disturbances (temporary loss of the senses of spatial- and self-orientation). However, they gradually learn to adapt to the novel environment by developing new perceptual and behavioral skills. First, we examined video clips of an astronaut’s body movement inside the International Space Station (ISS) by using a motion video analysis technique. We discovered that a microgravity environment definitely affects spatial orientation. Second, we analyzed how social hierarchy organization, metaphorical expression, and psychological stabilization were affected by space adaptation.

著者

三隅 譲二 木下 冨雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.8-18, 1992

被引用文献数

1 2

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The purpose of this study was to find a latent structure of an acquaintance network in our world, or, in other words, to estimate the shortest communication channel between the "starter person" and the "target person" in Japanese society. A modified chain-letter technique was used for the experiment. A total of 200 subjects were randomly selected to be the starter persons in Fukuoka. They were asked to select one of their acquaintances to be an intermediary who would be more likely to approach to the target person who lived in Osaka. The same procedure was repeated until an acquaintance chain reached the target person. There were two target persons, X and Y. X worked in a famous company (F-condition), while Y worked in an obscure company (O-condition). Other variables among target persons, such as age, sex, education, place of residence, position in a company were controlled. It was found that a total number of fifty-five chains reached the target persons, with a mean number of steps equaling 7.2. However, the mean number in the F-condition was 5.5, while that in the O-condition was 9.2. Our world is unexpectedly small. In the former condition, people tended to use information regarding a target person's occupation and alma mater as tactics to select an intermediary. In the latter condition, information regarding a target person's place of residence and the breadth of acquaintances of an intermediary was often used for selecting a friend. There was a strong trend for male subjects to select male acquaintances and female subjects to select female acquaintances. The same applies to age and occupation as well, indicating that there are basic acquaintance networks in Japan such as same-sex, same-age, same-occupation networks.

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

日本行動計量学会

雑誌

行動計量学 (ISSN:03855481)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.29-39, 1979-09-30 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

23

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会誌ATOMOΣ (ISSN:18822606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.7, pp.465-472, 2011 (Released:2019-09-06)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

5 3

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私は社会心理学の研究者である。原子力の世界とは長いお付き合いがあるが,その中味は所詮外野席からの聞きかじりであって,専門知識は乏しい。したがって以下の意見は,原子力の専門家からすれば的外れのことも多いだろう。それを覚悟しながら,社会心理学,ないしリスク学の立場から見た今回の事故の問題点を述べることにしたい。

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.20403, (Released:2021-11-30)

参考文献数

59

---

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that occurred suddenly at the beginning of 2020 has had a significant and multifaceted impact on the economy, society, civilian life, and culture, as well as the human mind. For this reason, it is essential to establish a collaborative system that includes medical science, which has been the subject of much discussion, as well as the natural sciences, the humanities, and social sciences to evaluate the impact of COVID-19. This paper focuses on defense in depth and risk communication and discusses the issues caused by COVID-19 from the perspectives of social psychology and risk studies, both of which have an inherent interdisciplinary nature.

著者

三隅 譲二 木下 冨雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.8-18, 1992-02-25 (Released:2016-11-30)

被引用文献数

3

---

The purpose of this study was to find a latent structure of an acquaintance network in our world, or, in other words, to estimate the shortest communication channel between the "starter person" and the "target person" in Japanese society. A modified chain-letter technique was used for the experiment. A total of 200 subjects were randomly selected to be the starter persons in Fukuoka. They were asked to select one of their acquaintances to be an intermediary who would be more likely to approach to the target person who lived in Osaka. The same procedure was repeated until an acquaintance chain reached the target person. There were two target persons, X and Y. X worked in a famous company (F-condition), while Y worked in an obscure company (O-condition). Other variables among target persons, such as age, sex, education, place of residence, position in a company were controlled. It was found that a total number of fifty-five chains reached the target persons, with a mean number of steps equaling 7.2. However, the mean number in the F-condition was 5.5, while that in the O-condition was 9.2. Our world is unexpectedly small. In the former condition, people tended to use information regarding a target person's occupation and alma mater as tactics to select an intermediary. In the latter condition, information regarding a target person's place of residence and the breadth of acquaintances of an intermediary was often used for selecting a friend. There was a strong trend for male subjects to select male acquaintances and female subjects to select female acquaintances. The same applies to age and occupation as well, indicating that there are basic acquaintance networks in Japan such as same-sex, same-age, same-occupation networks.

著者

.企画代表者(Representative Organizer)山岸 典子 .企画者(Organizer)土肥 伊都子 .話題提供者(Speaker)高木 綾子 .宇井 美代子 .指定討論者(Discussant)木下 冨雄 .司会者(Chair)山岸 典子

雑誌

日本心理学会第87回大会

巻号頁・発行日

2023-08-03

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

日本行動計量学会

雑誌

行動計量学 (ISSN:03855481)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.5-12, 2016 (Released:2016-09-09)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

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Although the mathematical bases of risk are not entirely derived from the probability theory, the two have a delicate and unique relationship. At the origin of the science of risk, insurance companies flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries, where the calculation of insurance premium was based on probabilistic concepts, especially those developed by Pascal. Distinguished mathematicians such as Huygens, Bernoulli, and Bayes all belonged to this era. The probability theory was often used for risk analysis with relatively simple structures such as chemicals and toxicology, and this tendency is still dominant today. However, as risk targets expanded to include complex and non-linear phenomena such as environmental and social risks, the conventional, simple probability theory proved inadequate. In particular, probabilistic tools cannot be used to assess the complex mechanisms of low-level radiation risk. Moreover, huge earthquakes and nuclear power plant meltdown incidents that have a low frequency of occurrence but devastating repercussions cannot be approached with the probability theory. The appropriate mathematical model for such risks has not yet been developed.

著者

木下冨雄

出版者

京都大学学術出版会

雑誌

環境としての自然 社会 文化

巻号頁・発行日

pp.145-191, 1997

被引用文献数

4 16

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

安全工学会

雑誌

安全工学 (ISSN:05704480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.356-363, 2002-12-15 (Released:2017-01-31)

被引用文献数

8

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本論文では,まず客観的リスクの定義について複数の立場を紹介したのち,客観的リスクと主観的リスク(リスク認知〉の違いについて言及した.次いでリスク認知を構成する主要な3成分について述べ,さらにリスク認知にかかわる要因として,入びとの性格,感情,価値観,態度,知識水準,職業的立場,デモグラフィック特性などといった個人側にある要因,大規模災害の経験,社会・文化・歴史的特性など環境側にある要因,それに対象の性質や事故特性といったリスク対象側の要因の働きを説明した.またリスクの受容水準が,タテマエ的にはゼロリスクを主張されながら,実際には10-5から10-6 程度であることを明らかにした.最後に,文化的要因の一つとして,リスク認知が国によってどのように異なるかを,国際比較データをもとにして解説した.

著者

土田 昭司 木下 冨雄 中谷内 一也 田中 豊

出版者

The Society for Risk Analysis, Japan

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.2_45-2_55, 2009 (Released:2012-03-09)

参考文献数

11

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS, JAPAN

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.3_3-3_24, 2009 (Released:2011-11-01)

参考文献数

113

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The forms of risk communication in Japan changed drastically after the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. While the pre-Earthquake risk related information was based on the myth of zero-risk, the post-Earthquake risk communication has required a much higher level of fair and open information, which is now the main current of this field. At the same time, other theoretical and practical problems have recently been founded. Those problems include (1)the philosophy and value system underlying risk communication, (2)the causal relation between risk communication and credibility, (3)whether the citizen really want risk information or not, (4) whether citizen's risk perception is emotional or not, (5)the organizational climate as a factor in successful risk communication, (6)misunderstanding of the meaning of precautionary principle, (7)the skill of the risk communicator, (8)the importance of wording and logic in risk communication, (9)how to construct good relations between risk agent and mass media , etc. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the notion of risk communication with the macro view in both time and space, which used to be based on the idea of a one-shot and local solution to future disasters.

著者

小川 浩 木下 冨雄

出版者

日本行動計量学会

雑誌

日本行動計量学会大会発表論文抄録集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, 1991-08-28

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心理社会的ストレスは近年,急速にわが国社会で問題にされるようになった.その背景には,最近の社会変容にともなう心理社会的ストレスが,我々の身体的,精神的,社会的適応を阻害して,様々な健康障害を引き起こしている現実があると思われる.したがって,その現実を認識し,心理社会的ストレスに対する対応方法を検討することは,健康増進ならびに予防医学の立場からは重要な課題であるといえる.一方,心理社会的ストレスと健康の問題に関する研究は急速に今後も増え続けるであろう.そこで,本シンポジウムでは,(1)心理社会的ストレスが我々の体内でどのような反応を引き起こすのか,(2)心理社会的ストレスをどのようにして計測するのか,(3)心理社会的ストレスがどのような精神障害を生み出すのか,(4)最近わが国でも検討されるようになったタイプA行動と心臓病の関係に,心理社会的ストレスがどのようなかかわり合いをもつのか,そして(5)心理社会的ストレスにどのように対応したらよいのか,これらの問題提起に応える形で,これまでに精力的に取り組んでこられた演者の先生方より考察をうかがい,会員諸氏に,この方面の問題ならびに研究の現状と重要性を認識していただく.

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.5, pp.482-494, 2021 (Released:2021-12-25)

参考文献数

59

被引用文献数

1

---

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that occurred suddenly at the beginning of 2020 has had a significant and multifaceted impact on the economy, society, civilian life, and culture, as well as the human mind. For this reason, it is essential to establish a collaborative system that includes medical science, which has been the subject of much discussion, as well as the natural sciences, the humanities, and social sciences to evaluate the impact of COVID-19. This paper focuses on defense in depth and risk communication and discusses the issues caused by COVID-19 from the perspectives of social psychology and risk studies, both of which have an inherent interdisciplinary nature.

著者

国際高等研究所 宇宙航空研究開発機構 [編] 木下冨雄研究代表

出版者

国際高等研究所

巻号頁・発行日

2009

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.3-22, 2008-12

被引用文献数

4

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.2_3-2_22, 2008 (Released:2012-08-22)

参考文献数

90

---

The forms of risk communication in Japan changed drastically after the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. While the pre-Earthquake risk communication was based on the myth of zero-risk, the post-Earthquake risk communication has required a much higher level of fair and open information, which is now the main current of this field. At the same time, other theoretical and practical problems have recently been founded. Those problems include (1)the philosophy and value system underlying risk communication, (2)the causal relation between risk communication and credibility, (3)whether the citizen really wants risk information or not, (4)whether citizen’s risk perception is emotional or not, (5)the organizational climate as a factor in successful risk communication, (6)misunderstanding of the meaning of precautionary principle, (7)the skill of the risk communicator, (8)the importance of wording in risk communication, (9)how to construct good relations between risk agent and mass media , etc. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the notion of risk communication with the macro view (in both time and space), which used to be based on the idea of a one-shot and local solution to future disasters.

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本リスク研究学会

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.19_3-19_17, 2009 (Released:2012-07-19)

参考文献数

102

---

The forms of risk communication in Japan changed drastically after the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. While the pre-Earthquake risk communication was based on the myth of zero-risk, the post-Earthquake risk communication has required a much higher level of fair and open information, which is now the main current of this field. At the same time, other theoretical and practical problems have recently been founded. Those problems include (1)the philosophy and value system underlying risk communication, (2)the causal relation between risk communication and credibility, (3)whether the citizen really want risk information or not, (4)whether citizen‘s risk perception is emotional or not, (5)the organizational climate as a factor in successful risk communication, (6)misunderstanding of the meaning of precautionary principle, (7)the skill of the risk communicator, (8)the importance of wording in risk communication, (9)how to construct good relations between risk agent and mass media , etc. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the notion of risk communication with the macro view (in both time and space), which used to be based on the idea of a one-shot and local solution to future disasters.

著者

木下 冨雄

出版者

日本パーソナリティ心理学会

雑誌

パーソナリティ研究 (ISSN:13488406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.120-125, 2004 (Released:2004-11-25)

参考文献数

13

著者

野口 聡一 木下 冨雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.1-10, 2014-08-18

---

The purpose of this study is to investigate how a microgravity environment affects spatial orientation, the cognitive system, and interpersonal relationships, hence changes in gravity reference frames. After leaving the terrestrial globe, astronauts experience drastic perceptual disturbances (temporary loss of the senses of spatial- and self-orientation). However, they gradually learn to adapt to the novel environment by developing new erceptual and behavioral skills. First, we examined video clips of an astronaut's body movement inside the International Space Station (ISS) by using a motion video analysis technique. We discovered that a microgravity environment definitely affects spatial orientation. Second, we analyzed how social hierarchy organization, metaphorical expression, and psychological stabilization were affected by space adaptation.