著者

佐金 武

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.1_59-1_74, 2011 (Released:2011-10-13)

参考文献数

18

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In his book Metaphysics of Temporal Modality, Prof. Isashiki takes a very unique and intriguing approach to philosophy of time. He begins with raising the following three questions. (i) What does it mean to say that the past is determinate or fixed whereas the future is open? (ii) Why is it impossible to see temporal transition from the present to the past? (iii) Does the present have no duration? Answering to those questions, he declares that he does not assume any linear representation of time. In this review, I shall examine to what extent the attempt succeeds and in what respects it fails.

著者

石田 正人

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.59-74, 2001-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

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Quantificational logic was developed by some ingenious mathematicians towards the end of the 19th century, especially during the 1880's. It was indeed, as Quine once wrote, a decade when quantification was "breaking out all over". While it is acknowledged that Peirce was among those founders of modern logic, his specific achievements and contribution to the field seem to deserve more notice. The present paper focuses on the emergence of Peirce's quantificational logic, deriving most of the material from his original writings. We shall also glance through O. H. Mitchell's work, which is little discussed in the history of logic.

著者

小川 芳範

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.1-13, 2002-05-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

24

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In this paper, I consider a philosophical interpretation of Hilbert's program put forward by Paul Bernays. The paper consists, roughly, of two parts. In the first part, I briefly describe Bernays's polemic against "immanence philosophy" over the question concerning the epistemological status of theoretical sciences and its relation to the foundational controversy in mathematics in the 1920s. In the second part, I briefly discuss the theory of cognition contained in the transcendental philosophy of Jakob Friedrich Fries and his twentieth century evangelist, LeonardNelson, and consider Bernays's view against the background of this intellectual tradition. I conclude the paper by arguing for the importance of attending to Friesian influence in order to achieve a deeper understanding of Bernays's (and Hilbert's) philosophy of mathematics.

著者

原田 悦子

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.107-118, 2000-11-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

18

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After 100 years of experimental researches, two aspects of human memory are now treated separately in cognitive psychology; one is memory as conscious experiences, and the other is memory as information. In this paper, historical accounts are described with experimental researches on (a) implicit memory, i.e., memory without conscious recollection, (b) process dissociation procedures (PDP), i.e., a theoretical model and also a methodology to dissociate parallel cognitive processes, particularly conscious and automatic mental processes, and (c) false memory phenomena.

著者

横山 輝雄

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.17-25, 1998-11-15 (Released:2009-05-29)

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Whether the natural classification of plants and animals is possible or not is an important problem of philosophy of biology. Because of the acceptance of the theory of evolution, "the death of essentialism" is widely held. But an extreme conventionalist's view that every classification is artificial is not correct. In this paper I propound a view that the natural classification is possible in some sense. The natural classification has its roots in "folk taxonomy" and is necessary for human beings. The natural classification is different from phylogenetic classification. We should distinguish phylogenetical study of the evolutional history from taxonomy or classification, especially the natural classification.

著者

佐藤 敬三

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.61-75, 1996-11-15 (Released:2009-05-29)

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It is proposed that cybernetics and general system theory, founded by N. Wiener and L. von Bertalanffy respectively, may be united to form system cybernetics. The nature of system cybernetics and its post modernity as well are discussed, while modernity is characterised by a set of three features somewhat annoying. System cybernetics is expected to play a part in overcoming that modernity.

著者

伊藤 邦武

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.1-13, 1992-11-14 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

太田 雅子

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.45-54, 1999

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Higher-level (mental, sociological and biological, etc.) entities are said to be supervenient on more basic, lower-level (physical, micro-level) entities, and there is a view that lower-level theories can completely and sufficiently explain higher-level events. But Harold Kincaid criticizes such a view. He does not deny that lower-level theories do explain something, but argues that they are only partial and incomplete, because they cannot refer to higher-level kinds which supervene on the relevant lower-level entities and answer important questions about causal laws. I will argue that the completeness or sufficiency of explanation is often evaluated interest-relatively, and, against Kincaid, that higher-level explanation cannot be sufficient without mentioning lower-level causal mechanism.

著者

源河 亨

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.87-103, 2014

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According to the Sibleyan account, descriptive aesthetic judgments are warranted by aesthetic perception. I defend this account by using a philosophical theory of perceptual experience, that is, Fregean intentionalism. I will then suggest an anti-realistic account of aesthetic properties, which claims that perceivable aesthetic properties are not realistic properties supervening on sets of non-aesthetic sensible properties (e.g. color, shape, etc.) of objects, but some kind of "modes of presentation" of such properties. Proving this argument, I demonstrate how the philosophy of perception can be useful for considering problems in aesthetics.

著者

高村 友也

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.2_99-2_114, 2011 (Released:2012-06-06)

参考文献数

10

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It is shown that the validity of Ludwig Boltzmann’s statistical approach to thermodynamical asymmetry depends on the metaphysical standpoints concerning time. Price advocates one metaphysical standpoint that denies the direction of time itself, the denial leads to a difficulty in explaining the thermodynamical asymmetry. In the case of Price’s strategy, the direction of the law does not warrant as much explanation as does the constraint condition on the past, which does not work. In contrast, our study advocates the other metaphysical standpoint. Our strategy suggests that the constraint condition on the past does not warrant as much explanation as does the direction of the law. These findings are exactly opposite to those of Price.

著者

将積 茂

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.77-89, 1971-12-01 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

村中 達矢

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.1_97-1_106, 2009 (Released:2009-09-30)

参考文献数

6

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Yuji Yonemori published a book titled Abduction in 2007. In this book, he argues mainly in support of C. S. Peirce's theory of abductive reasoning. Peirce said that abductive reasoning is the process of forming an explanatory hypothesis, that the reasoning is the only logical operation which introduces any new idea, and that the reasoning differs from either deduction or induction. Yonemori agrees with Peirce on all of these points in his book. In this review, I shall critically comment on the book.

著者

佐金 武

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.3-18, 2023-03-30 (Released:2023-03-31)

参考文献数

34

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The contemporary debate on time which was opened up by J. E. M McTaggart tends to focus on metaphysical issues framed in the dispute between tensed theories and tenseless theories. In the history of the philosophy of time, on the other hand, the subject matter looks strikingly different, and the focus is more wideranging. At least three main categories should be considered: idealism, realism, and relationism. This paper aims to offer an insight into contemporary and classical philosophy of time from a systematic perspective and thereby to suggest a research program worth exploring.

著者

細川 雄一郎

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.17-33, 2012-07-30 (Released:2013-06-05)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1

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It has been common to formalize counterfactuals (or subjunctive conditionals) in natural language in terms of a certain binary sentential connective, as in Stalnaker [12] and D. Lewis [8]. This paper suggests that another formalization by means of unary multi-modal operators is natural and appropriate for some counterfactuals. To see this naturalness and appropriateness, we observe an instance of transitive inference constituted of three counterfactuals in natural language, and formalize it by using expressive power of multi-modal logic, in particular Hennessy-Milner logic(HML) and Dynamic logic (DL). As a result, the instance of transitive inference turns out to be justified by the multi-modalized version of the most fundamental and familiar rules of modal logic, that is, the necessitation rule (NAct) and the axiom (KAct).

著者

古田 智久

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.47-64, 2018-12-30 (Released:2019-11-27)

参考文献数

33

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Today philosophy of science and analytic philosophy are regarded as different areas or methods of philosophy. But although Philosophy of Science Society, Japan bears name of ʻPhilosophy of Scienceʼ, many analytic philosophers belong to it. In this paper, from the historical point of view I consider the reason why the journal of this society accepts papers of analytic philosophy and annual meeting of this society accepts talks of analytic philosophy. First, I explain how analytic philosophy is different from philosophy of science. Next, I explore the historical situation in which analytic philosophy became intertwined with philosophy of science. As result of these considerations, an answer to the above question, ʻWhy does this society accept the study of analytic philosophy?ʼ is given.

著者

鈴木 雄大

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.5-25, 2016-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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The aim of this paper is to argue for the anti-causal theory of action by associating separate ideas of action with one another: the logical connection argument, the anti-psychologism of reason, teleology, the disjunctivism of intention and the disjunctivism of bodily movement. I will also defend the anti-causal theory from the famous objection called “Davidsonʼs challenge” and reveal that the fundamental idea of the anti-causal theory is that an intention to act and the action itself do not exist independently of each other.

著者

北村 直彰

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.1-17, 2014-07-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

9

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This paper aims to precisely characterize the theoretical significance of the notion of truthmakers. First, the closeness of the alleged principle of truthmaker theory and the realistic intuition on which it rests is assessed, thereby determining to what extent a certain kind of general objection against truthmaker theory carries weight. Second, the principle of truthmaker theory is reformulated on the basis of this assessment, and truthmaker theory is argued to offer a methodological role for identifying fundamental entities that ground metaphysically nonfundamental truths. The discussion suggests a sophisticated nonQuinean criterion of ontological commitment.

著者

内田 種臣

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.41-55, 1976-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

24

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.2_111-2_123, 2010 (Released:2011-04-01)

参考文献数

3

著者

藤本 隆志他

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.101-116, 2006-12-25 (Released:2009-05-29)