出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.1_121-1_141, 2008 (Released:2009-07-31)

参考文献数

1

著者

神野 慧一郎他

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.109-136, 1998-11-15 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

大石 敏広

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.31-47, 2013-12-20 (Released:2014-06-28)

参考文献数

26

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This paper deals with the argument that the design thinking in engineering has an important viewpoint for ethics. The design thinking has two interpretations. First, I point out that these interpretations do not make the content of the design thinking clear. Second, I argue that the design thinking applies to all the practical problems, including ethical problems. Third, I show four features of the design thinking, namely complexity of constraints for solving a problem and trade-offs among the constraints, an ethical factor as one of the constraints, acceptance of multiple solutions and insolubility, and the design thinking as a method for agents.

著者

中村 大介

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.2_67-2_79, 2010 (Released:2011-04-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper aims to interpret Jean Cavaillès' philosophical position proposed in his early works as a reconstruction of Kant's epistemology. Kant's mathematical epistemology consists of three principal components: (a) the pure concept of the understanding, (b) intellectual and sensible schemata produced by the imagination, and (c) sensible intuition. First, as a result of Gödel's incompleteness theorems, Cavailles extends (c) to cover intellectual intuition. Then, under the influence of Hilbert's conceptions of sign, he replaces (b) with the concept of sign as intellectual-sensible mixture, and (a) with certain mathematical concept. Finally, Cavaillès uses this transcendental structure to propose a new idea about the problem of the foundations of mathematics.

著者

黒崎 宏

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.35-48, 1983-11-26 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

竹内 泉

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.1-13, 2012 (Released:2016-01-15)

参考文献数

7

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This paper discusses a method to apply the science of logic to prtobability. First this paper discusses the relations between probability and sciences. Next, this paper forcuses mathematics which is similar to the science of logic, and compares the methods to apply them to sciences. Lastly, this paper shows the formalisation and the analisys of probability in a problem of cryptography by the science of logic.

著者

石木 新

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.57-69, 1976-11-10 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

23

著者

野村 恭史

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.61-75, 2004-07-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

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One of alleged problems of Wittgenstein's Tractatus logico-philosophicus (TLP) is that we could give no example of its basic concepts such as elementary propositions, names, states of affairs, simple objects, and so on. The problem is so serious, because it means that the whole theoretical system of TLP could have no applicability. Noya, in his recent book on TLP, proposes to regard ordinary objects familiar to us in our daily life, such as persons, dogs, mountains, rock bands, and so on, as examples of simple objects of TLP. But, I think, we cannot interpret TLP in the way his proposal suggests. In this paper I shall show there is no sense in which we can say ordinary objects are simple objects of TLP. There are two main reasons. One concerns TLP's requirement of logical independency of elementary propositions, and the other concerns TLP's requirement that simple objects should exist independently of what is the case.

著者

伊勢田 哲治

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.1-15, 2003-07-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

9

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Alvin Goldman has proposed various versions of reliabilism, trying to resolve its counter-intuitive consequences. In this paper, I critically analyze some of them, and find all of them unsatisfactory, especially in their treatment of the relationship between external world and reliability. My proposal is to incorporate an internalistic aspect into reliabilism, by revising Goldman's notion of 'normal worlds'. This notion is too relativistic to be used as a basis of epistemic justification, but adding some more conditions may make it more useful. I propose the notion of 'the most successful set of normal worlds' as a replacement, which avoids difficulties with both externalism and individualistic internalism.

著者

小山 虎

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.165-177, 2003-12-30 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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D. Lewis said that there are three solutions for the problem of temporary intrinsics, namely, relationalism, presentism, and four-dimensionalism. Lewis also argued that the only tenable one is four-dimensionalism. But advocates of the other solutions reject it. Although objection is possible, it seems that Lewis' argument is not enough to show that four-dimensionalism is the best. However, it doesn't mean that four-dimensionalism is not worth considering. For relationalism and presentism are inconsistent. Moreover, relationalism must deny.ordinary talk and presentism doesn't contradict with four-dimensionalism. So it is concluded that four-dimensionalist doesn't have to throw away his position.

著者

谷川 卓

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.37-51, 2014-07-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

23

---

David Lewis argues that the thesis of Humility follows from two metaphysical principles; combinatorial principle and quidditism. The thesis has received attention of philosophers because of its skeptical implication, but only by focusing on that point one may underestimate the significance of Humility. Another implication drawn from the thesis pertains to the methodological issue, that is, justification of metaphysical principles. A key for the justification of two metaphysical principles in question is correspondence between our thought and the world, and it is required to develop modal epistemology in the way to oppose to Saul Kripke's view.

著者

有田 隆也

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.73-91, 2000-11-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

17

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Adaptation is an essential characteristic of living organisms, which can be grasped clearly by formulating the concept of dynamic fitness-landscapes. We constructed minimal models whose behavior depends on linguistic interaction between individuals and conducted computational experiments based on a constructive approach so as to capture realistic images of dynamic fitness-landscapes. Then, we focused on the effects of phenotypic plasticity on the adaptive walk on complex fitness-landscapes by conducting computational experiments. The results of the computational experiments suggested a new image of adaptation of living organisms.

著者

菅沼 聡

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.47-60, 1995-11-15 (Released:2009-05-29)

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We define "absolute truth", like "absolutely a priori truth" of H. Putnam, as a proposition (statement) which is true in every epistemically possible world, namely, true no matter how the world turns out (epistemically) to be.We have yet to know whether there are such absolute truth(s) or not. In this paper, we try to propose, only as a program of course, an argument for the existence of the absolute truth.Our argument utilizes the logical structure of "the modal ontological argument" for the existence of God. Using this logical structure, we can enable what cannot have been done by any types of so called "refutation of relativism": to deduce the necessity (or actuality) of the existence of the absolute truth from the possibility of the existence of the absolute truth.

著者

野本 和幸

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.1-34, 2017-12-20 (Released:2019-05-02)

著者

金子 洋之

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.21-35, 2001-05-30 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

16

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It is often said that Brouwer's views on language were extremely solipsistic so that there was noting to learn from him about language. It is true that he held the impossibility in principle of communication. But in some of his works, especially in Brouwer [1929], he presents important insights into language. I would like to insist that Brouwer presents two conceptions of language there-communication-based conception and one that makes semantic analysis possible-and that he criticizes the latter because of the excessive productivity of language. I will also show how such an interpretation of his works is possible in his whole philosophy and what this interpretation brings in our understanding of the foundational debate.

著者

渡辺 茂

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.27-39, 1998-11-15 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

13

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Biological explanation in psychology has two aspects. One is explanation of mind as functions of the nervous system. The other is explanation of mind as results of evolution. Two different approaches in study of the evolution of mind can be separated, namely reconstruction of history of evolution and analysis of cause of evolution of specific function. These biological study of mind should be integrated as a discipline so called comparative cognitive neuroscience.

著者

笠木 雅史

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.3-27, 2018

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<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It is commonplace to characterize analytic philosophy in terms of the so-called "linguistic turn." Recent historical studies, however, tell or remind us that analytic philosophy is not unified with regard to its methods or subject matters. The purpose of this paper is to contribute toward the accurate picture of the history of analytic philosophy, with a focus on the group of philosophers that was called "Cambridge Analysis" or the "Cambridge School of Analysis" in the 1930s. Firstly, the paper exposes the methods and conceptions of metaphysics championed by members of the Cambridge School of Analysis, such as G. E. Moore, B. Russell, L. S.Stebbing, and J. Wisdom. Secondly, the paper argues that when the Cambridge School of Analysis was succeeded by Cambridge Ordinary Language School in the late 1930s, metaphysics started being conceptualized linguistically.</p>

著者

羽地 亮

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.2_89-2_100, 2008 (Released:2009-08-31)

参考文献数

17

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The present review concerns Yukihiro Nobuhara's masterpiece, Philosophy of Consciousness: Introduction to the Study of Qualia. This book should be highly acclaimed due to the fact that from an intentional / representational point of view, a modern orthodox naturalistic standpoint, the problems of qualia are examined conceptually by assimilating bodily sensations to perception, as well as that the author pursues these problems by suggesting the possibility of a strategy in which we assign explanatory priority to linguistic content and explain how mental content results from that. However, I believe that philosophy of mind should be naturalized and studied in greater detail on the basis of the results of neurological studies by distinguishing between sensory and affective phenomena.

著者

鈴木 晃仁

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.33-51, 2014-12-20 (Released:2015-11-08)

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This paper examines the relationship between psychiatric practice and literature. Those materials that suggest patients' “literary” activities, both in narrow and wide senses of the term, have been selected from an archive of a private hospital in Tokyo before the Second World War and their meanings and functions in and out of the psychiatric hospital are discussed. The two apparently contradictory forces of producing patients' discourse and forbidding their subjectivity are present and did somehow contribute to the making of the “literature” of the mental patients.

著者

横路 佳幸

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.103-108, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-09-30)