著者

石田 知子

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.11-31, 2018 (Released:2018-11-01)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

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One of the most influential approaches to understanding the nature of genetic information is by the etiological theory of function, its most sophisticated exemplar being teleosemantics. Such discussions are largely focused on genetic information carried by the genes. Although the concept of gene itself has been a target of intense arguments, most of the earlier arguments had adopted rather simple and naive ones. By considering the arguments regarding the concept of gene more seriously, the current study aims to investigate the philosophical consequences of teleosemantic analysis of genetic information and shows that the nature of genetic information can differ depending on which concept of gene we adopt.

著者

塩野 直之

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.51-63, 2019 (Released:2019-05-22)

参考文献数

21

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This paper looks at how we make decisions in the face of plural values, and explores its implications for our conception of practical reason. Specifically, the idea that our choice is governed by what I call “decision-theoretic rationality”, which has been influential among decision theorists and some “interpretationist” philosophers, will thoroughly be criticized as not being capable of explaining the difficulties characteristic of choosing among alternatives which bear different kinds of value. The paper concludes by suggesting that our understanding of practical reason needs to be reformed, in a way that appropriately captures those difficulties.

著者

桐山 孝司 佐藤 雅彦

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.65-70, 2019 (Released:2019-05-22)

参考文献数

5

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This paper discusses two interactive exhibits in the perspective of design and behavioral analysis. The first exhibit, Pool of Fingerprints, was created for the exhibition of The Definition of Self. The second exhibit, Arithmetik Garden, was exhibited at Mori Art Museum in 2007 and NTT InterCommunication Center [ICC] in 2008.

著者

横路 佳幸

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1-2, pp.35-50, 2018 (Released:2018-05-07)

参考文献数

56

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The aim of this paper is to give appropriate rejoinders to some typical objections to Epistemic Sortalism (ES) and thus to vindicate ES from them. ES argues that in epistemically individuating an object, a subject of perception needs to grasp under which sortal concept the object falls. ES has been, however, questioned lately in terms of both the possibility of misconceptions or ignorance of sortal concepts and the conflict with some current psychological research. I shall show that these objections pose no threat to ES, by examining the notion of ‘individuation' and thereby reorganizing ES as a specific epistemological theory concerning discriminating and identifying knowledge. Based on the relevant ontology, i.e., the constitution view, newly reconstructed ES requires an individuator to grasp the sortal concept of an object as an epistemic evidence.

著者

四津 雅英

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1-2, pp.51-68, 2018 (Released:2018-05-07)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper I attempt a new analysis of utterances that (implicitly) convey typicality or nontypicality, which have been regarded as cases of conversational implicatures since Grice's classical analysis of them. Leading accounts of such utterances―Horn's and Levinson's―appear inadequate for a kind of them. I take it that utterances conveying typicality split up into two groups and they are different in their ways of generating a typicality implicature. And I regard utterances conveying nontypicality as more closely related with metalinguistic negation than Horn and Levinson assume.

著者

古田 智久

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.105-119, 2015-03-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

菊池 誠

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1-2, pp.1-2, 2016-03-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

佐藤 暁

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.1-17, 2014-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

参考文献数

14

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In The Origins of Analytical Philosophy, Dummett criticized the philosophy of Husserl for being a Humpty-Dumpty theory. We reconstruct this criticism into a more general argument that shows that the idea of meaning as a type entails the Humpty-Dumpty theory. In interpreting Dummett's text, we show that the criticism of the Humpty-Dumpty theory is a criticism of "associating expressions with meanings" in an attempt to explain linguistic significance, and that types are not objects, but rather equivalence relations. In addition, we demonstrate that tokens are not concrete, but theoretical objects, and thus should be distinguished from bearers of tokens, which are bare physical objects.

著者

黒川 英徳

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.39-54, 2014-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

参考文献数

35

著者

信原 幸弘

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.55, 2014-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

伊勢田 哲治 金杉 武司 菊池 誠 松本 俊吉 丹治 信春

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.55-57, 2014-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

松本 俊吉

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.57-60, 2014-12-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

八杉 滿利子

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.97-104, 2015-03-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

参考文献数

14

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The halting property as such is not guaranteed for limitimg recursion, since its evaluation process requires infinitely many steps. Nevertheless, as limiting recursive functions are useful in the study of computational aspects of mathematics on the continuum, it is desirable that some extended notion of computation be bestowed upon limiting recursion. We will here present a framework which general recursion and limiting recursion can share in characterizing their functions, and in which the halting property of the former and the identification in the limit of the latter can be expressed in terms of a formula stating a kind of compactness of a sequence of sets. We regard this fact as claiming that limiting recursion is conjunctive to general recursion, and hence can be viewed as a computation in an extended sense.

著者

佐金 武

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.37-61, 2013-11-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

参考文献数

62

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Presentism is the thesis that everything is present, which implies that there are no past (or future) things or events. It is sometimes said to be imcompatible with the claim that every truth must have some ground on being. In this paper, I will examine the efficacy of such an argument in favor of presentism. In my view, however, how to respond to the grounding objection depends on what kinds of past truths we deal with: (i) truths about how present things were, (ii) general truths about things that no longer eixst, and (iii) singular truths about wholly past things. Before discussing this, I will also give an overview of the grounding project.

著者

渡辺 恒夫

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.103-105, 2014-03-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

参考文献数

9

著者

飯田 隆

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.107-111, 2014-03-30 (Released:2017-08-31)

著者

渡辺 恒夫

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.85-86, 2013-03-25 (Released:2017-08-01)

参考文献数

3

著者

鈴木 聡志

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.87-92, 2013-03-25 (Released:2017-08-01)

参考文献数

20

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This paper discusses relationships between metatheory and discourse analysis in psychology. In order to explain a sense commonly held by discourse analysts, I described personal questions about own past psychological researches. It is a discontent with experimental and cognitivist tendency of traditional psychology and use of words as a topic of researches. Discourse analysis is an approach which is consisted of a set of epistemology, ontology, research questions, methodology and so on, so it is not a metatheory. Watanabe's (2010) metascientific basis in psychology were discussed, especially the one in metapsychological level was criticized from the discursive analytical viewpoint.

著者

渡辺 恒夫

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.115-116, 2013-03-25 (Released:2017-08-01)

著者

中根 美知代

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.117-121, 2013-03-25 (Released:2017-08-01)