著者

作山 巧

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.4, pp.317-322, 2021-03-25 (Released:2021-06-25)

参考文献数

25

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This paper finds that, in the Japan-US Trade Agreement (JUSTA), the true tariff elimination ratio for the US is 5 percent and that for Japan-US combined is 34 percent, which falls short of the 90 percent threshold set by the Japanese government for its FTA to be consistent with the WTO Agreements, and proves that the JUSTA violates the WTO Agreements. This conclusion is reinforced by the fact that, even if tariffs on automobiles/auto parts and duty-free items are assumed to be eliminated as the Japanese Government professes, the tariff elimination ratio for the US still falls below 90 percent.

著者

吉田 謙太郎

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.3, pp.122-130, 2000-12-25 (Released:2016-10-06)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study is to assess the convergent validity of environmental benefit estimates within a framework of benefit transfer. Benefit transfer is the process to predict a benefit estimate of a new policy site by using benefit estimates or benefit functions of existing studies. If benefit estimates at the policy and study site are not statistically different, the convergent validity of benefit transfer is presumed. Benefit transfer is also an attractive procedure when a policy maker conducts a benefit-cost analysis within the limits of tight budgetary appropriation. In this study, meta-analytic transfer and benefit function transfer were employed to test the convergent validity. Although several off-the-shelf contingent valuation studies on agricultural landscapes and rural amenities were collected, 11 were usable for the meta-analytic transfer and 6 for the benefit function transfer. It was empirically shown that percentage errors resulting from meta-analytic transfers by policy site data were in the range of 1 to 26%. On the other hand, percentage errors resulting from benefit function transfers by policy site data were in the range of 3 to 45%. It can be said that both meta-analytic transfer and benefit function transfer are likely to generate accurate benefit estimates in terms of percentage error. Besides comparative analyses of percentage error, convergent validity was also tested to learn if the estimate from benefit function transfer lied within the confidence interval over the original estimate and vice versa. As a consequence of the hypothesis test, 67% (8 of 12) of the tests rejected the convergent validity of benefit function transfers.

著者

玉 真之介

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.4, pp.157-164, 2001-03-26 (Released:2016-10-06)

参考文献数

45

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The aim of this paper is to focus on the development policies of the Manchurian government, which was under Japanese control, regarding Japanese immigration. Japanese immigration into Manchuria in the 1930s and 1940s has been examined only from the viewpoint of Japanese domestic matters and nobody has as yet looked at it from the perspective of agricultural policy and agricultural production in Manchuria. The development policies of the Manchurian government had frequently changed because to the Second Sino-Japanese War and the clashes between Japan and the Soviet Union along the Manchurian-Soviet border. After the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe in 1939, efforts to achieve food self-sufficiency within the yen block were put into effect and the agricultural administration in Manchuria was enlarged. Agricultural production in Manchuria, however, faced serious problems, such as diminishing fertility and labor shortages. Policymakers had to try and innovate farming system to overcome these structural problems. It was at that very time that a ray of hope emerged for agricultural policymakers in Manchuria. Farming technology in Hokkaido was beginning to offer potential solutions to the problems being faced by Japanese settlers in Manchuria.

著者

鈴木 淳

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.3, pp.208-213, 2017-12-25 (Released:2019-08-21)

参考文献数

6

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Generally, the production of sake-brewing rice is based on the demand of sake-breweries. Therefore, the relationshipbetween the two is important for continuous and increased production. Recently, the production of sake-brewing rice has increased, especially its major brands such as Yamada-Nishiki, because of the trend toward quality-oriented sake-brewing. On the other hand, non-major brands and their production centers cannot utilize the trend of sake-brewing. In this study, I clarify marketing strategies for development of production centers, especially rising or non-major brands' production centers. I then focused on the relationship between production center and sake-brewery.

著者

荒幡 克己

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.166-174, 1997-12-24 (Released:2017-11-27)

参考文献数

22

著者

作山 巧

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.206-211, 2016

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<p>This paper aims to verify whether Japan's commitments in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement are consistent with the Liberal Democratic Party's manifesto and the Diet resolutions. The former is defined as a request to exempt any agricultural product from tariff elimination, while the latter to exempt all five sensitive agricultural products from any commitment. The paper concludes from an analysis of Japan's tariff schedule that, whereas the manifesto is observed, the resolutions are not observed since the share of the five agricultural products exempted from any commitment is 26 and zero percent, respectively, based on a narrow and broad tariff classification.</p>

著者

福井 清一

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.4, pp.321-331, 2019

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<p>米国第一主義を掲げるトランプ政権は,途上国にとって好都合な貿易・投資の自由化の流れに逆行する政策を打ち出している.本稿のテーマは,米国第一主義にもとづく一連の貿易政策のもとで,貿易と投資の自由化の行方を占うことである.そのため,まず,WTO交渉が難航し遅れが生じた要因について検討する.次に,WTOの交渉難航と逆比例して増加してきたEPA・FTAのような地域協定,なかでもWTOのような多角的貿易交渉の進展に影響が大きいと考えられるメガFTAのうち,TPPおよびRCEPの将来について考察する.TPPについては,今後,米国抜きでも参加国が増加するのか,米国が再び参加する可能性があるのかについて考える.参加を希望する16ヵ国が協議を開始したRCEPについては,既存の2ヵ国間の協定の内容を比較することにより交渉の進展を阻害するであろう要素を明らかにし,交渉合意の可能性について検討する.さらに,EUや日本が検討しているWTO改革が米国のWTO回帰と中国によるWTOの規律遵守を促し得るのかについても検討を加え,最後に,今後の通商協定の行方について,やや途上国よりの立場から見解を述べたい.</p>

著者

広岡 博之 松本 道夫

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.4, pp.229-235, 1998-03-25 (Released:2017-11-27)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

5

著者

泉田 洋一

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, pp.224-232, 1997

著者

茅野 甚治郎

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.97-112, 2005-12-25 (Released:2014-10-31)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3

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The purposes of this paper are to clarify the theoretical factors of food trade and to show case studies of the structural changes of food demand & supply and self-sufficiency ratio. According to trade theory, the self-sufficient ratio of food is determined by the structures of production and consumption, and price condition. In particular, the transformation of production resources in the agricultural sector is a more practical subject than that between non-agriculture and agriculture. We have to investigate the process and cost of the adjustment among sectors in agriculture. The self-sufficient ratio has been discussed in relation to food security. According to the definition of food security, the sufficient quantity of domestic production when we are faced with an urgent food crisis is a part of food security. The ratio is rather an index that represents the conditions at ordinal situation. The recent decrease in the ratio is related to the change of the phase from relative to absolute reduc-tion of domestic production. It is because there is an insufficient political system to evaluate the economic value of the non-market resources. From the viewpoint of the food system, the weight of food consumption in households has been decreasing; on the other hand the weight in processing and food service sectors has been increasing drastically. Therefore providing materials for domestic production becomes more important. According to the case study of soybeans, the processing sector faces an unstable domestic market and it receives relatively less than the political support to farmers. The self-sufficient ratio of soybeans and wheat has been affected by the set-aside program for rice. The area of paddy fields has a decreasing trend and the utilized percentage is below 100%. From the viewpoint of efficient utilization of agricultural resources, we have to reconstruct the adjustment program of paddy fields.

著者

青山 浩子 納口 るり子

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.4, pp.394-399, 2017

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<p>The objective of the study is to analyze the impacts of the installation of a gelato shop on the profitability of a dairy farm. The retail sector has operated at a slight loss, because it is still in a start-up phase. Since the dairy operation is profitable, there is no significant impact from the loss on the sixth indutrialization trial. The manager believes that brand establishment for the gelato shop is possible, along with job creation, and promoting regional communication. Since the time to secure profits in the sixth industrialization is in effect, it is important that the core business is able to ensure sufficient revenue.</p>

著者

図司 直也

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.3, pp.253-261, 2020

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<p>本シンポジウムが射程とする2040年には,田園回帰の動きを牽引した団塊ジュニア世代が高齢者となり,農村と都市の双方で豊かなライフスタイルを享受する都市農村対流時代が想定される.その時点での農村像を描き出すとき,4つのシナリオが想定され,社会インフラ技術が小規模化でき,SDGsの理念が国民に共有され,社会変革が進められる条件が揃った「地方分散シナリオ」を選択できれば,持続可能性がより高まるだろう.今日各地で見られるローカルプロジェクトは,その萌芽的な動きといえよう.旧来の計画や制度の更新とは別の形で,農村の暮らしを基点とし価値創造を生み出す地方分散シナリオを実現できるプロセスの検討を今から始めるべきである.</p>

著者

平口 嘉典 安江 紘幸 大室 健治 稲泉 博己

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.4, pp.424-429, 2016

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<p>The objective of this study is to clarify a role taken by the activity of local entertainment as a community of practice for sustaining and developing rural areas at "O" district in Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, From interviews of members who preserve the local entertainment, the following four points were revealed: firstly, the lore process of the art was double-linear; secondly, the art had been handed down along with the physicality; thirdly, members had obtained the four learning through the activities; fourth, all members hoped to continue for the future of the activities.</p>

著者

内田 和義 中間 由紀子

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.2, pp.115-128, 2015-09-25 (Released:2017-07-06)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

2

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昭和20年代の生活改善普及事業について,農林省の方針とそれに対する岩手県の対応を中心に考察した.当事業の目的の1つは農家生活の改善にあった.もう1つが農村の民主化に寄与することであった.同省は普及事業の主務課として農業改良課の設置を自治体に求めた.また女性主体の自主的な生活改善グループを担い手とすることを求めた.しかし岩手県は農林省の方針に反して農業改良課を設置せず,また有力な農民リーダーのいるムラを生活改善指定部落として,男性主導で生活改善を進めるという方針をとった.波及効果を考え,目に見える台所改善を優先的に進めた.

著者

川崎 賢太郎

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.82-91, 2014-09-25 (Released:2016-03-26)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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本報告では品質の重要な指標の1つである等級に焦点を当てて,論点整理と分析結果の紹介を行う.はじめに品質を表すいくつかの指標を比較して等級の位置付けを整理した上で,等級が必要となる根拠を情報の非対称性という観点から考える.次に温暖化が稲作に与える影響を例に,農家経済における等級の重要性を明らかにする.計量分析の結果,気温の上昇は量ではなく質の悪化を通じて収入を低下させることが示される.最後に等級の改善策として,上位等級ほど補助金の単価が上昇する仕組み,品質支払に着目し,理論分析を行う.現実的な仮定の下,品質支払は数量支払や固定支払よりも費用効果的に品質と単収を向上させることが示される.

著者

友田 清彦

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.1, pp.16-24, 2004

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The <i>Kainou-gikai</i>, which was founded in 1875, was the first agricultural society in modern Japan. The periodical bulletin which was published by this society was the <i>Kainou-zappou</i>. This bulletin was the first periodical agricultural bulletin in modern Japan. Therefore, the <i>Kainou-gikai</i> and the <i>Kainou-zappou</i> were very important in the modern history of Japanese agriculture. However, there has been little research about the <i>Kainou-gikai</i> and the <i>Kainou-zappou</i> so far. This study is the first detailed research about the <i>Kainou-gikai</i> and the <i>Kainou-zappou</i>. The aim of this study is to clarify the role the <i>Kainou-gikai</i> and the <i>Kainou-zappou</i> played in the modern history of Japanese agriculture.<br>Most of the members of the <i>Kainou-gikai</i> were bureaucrats of the Department of the Interior or the Ministry of Finance. However, this was not all they had in common. From the last years of the Edo Period to the early stages of the Meiji Era, most of the members in the <i>Kainou-gikai</i> studied western learning or Japanese classical literature. In the early stages of the Meiji Era, they were the educated elite concerned with agriculture. Because there were few people who knew about modern agriculture at that time, their roles in popularizing knowledge about modern agriculture and improving agricultural technology were very important.<br>The <i>Kainou-zappou</i> became the model for the periodical agricultural bulletins which were published after that. Moreover, the meeting which they held in Tokyo in 1876 (<i>Kainou-rinjikai</i>) became the model for the nationwide meeting on agriculture (<i>Noudankai</i>) in 1881.

著者

安藤 光義

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.2, pp.164-180, 2019-09-25 (Released:2019-12-25)

参考文献数

58

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本稿の目的は,1999年に制定された食料・農業・農村基本法新基本法(以下,新基本法)以降の農村政策の展開を批判的に振り返り,課題を析出することにある.最初に,新基本法の政策体系における農村政策の位置を4つの政策理念─食料の安定供給の確保,多面的機能の十分な確保,農業の持続的な発展,農村の振興─の関係性に注目しながら検討を行う.その結果,多面的機能の十分な確保と農村の振興の間,農業の持続的な発展のための望ましい農業構造の実現を目指す構造政策と農村の振興の間に矛盾と緊張関係があることが明らかになった.次に,新基本法に至るまでの農村政策の展開の整理を通じて,どのようにして政策の窓が開き,中山間地域等直接支払制度が実現されたのかを明らかにした.農村政策は同制度の成立によって新しい段階に突入した.以降の政策は,コミュニティ政策としての性格を帯びながら,地域資源の保全・管理に傾斜していった.3番目に,日本の農村政策の特徴は集落の活用にある点を確認したうえで,中山間地域等直接支払制度と多面的機能支払制度の意義と課題について論じた.前者は後者よりも優れている.自立性を高める内発的な発展ではなく地域資源管理に第一の優先が置かれている点に農村政策の問題がある.4番目に,財政の制約という視点を織り込みながら欧州と英国の農村政策の形成過程と特徴の整理を行い,地方分権に基づく裁量性の発揮が重要であることが明らかとなった.最後に,市町村や集落などの政策の遂行主体を射程に入れて今後の農村政策のあり方を展望した.最終的な目標は集落の主体性を引き出すような基金の創出にあるが,当面の課題は集落の内発性を高める支援を行うとともに,中山間地域等直接支払や多面的機能支払などの各種交付金の受け皿となる組織の整備を進めることである.

著者

横山 英信

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.113-128, 2005-12-25 (Released:2014-10-31)

参考文献数

8

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the political conditions for increasing the domestic wheat production in the years ahead, through an analysis of the development of Japan's postwar wheat policy and the trends in the supply, demand and production of wheat in Japan, focusing on the changes in planted acreage and the amount of production, and the matching of demand and production. There have been two wheat policies in postwar times; the 'main policy,' which considers the supply, demand and production of wheat as a subject to be treated directly, and the 'policy of reducing rice production,' which deals with the production of wheat by regarding wheat as an alternative crop. The supply, demand and production of wheat in the postwar period has been greatly influenced by the 'main policy' and the 'policy of reducing rice production.' It has developed in response to political and economic changes. Analysis of these influences shows that the following conditions are required to increase domestic wheat production under the present 'main policy,' which has changed from an indirect system controlled by the government to a private distribution system. First, it is essential to establish a standard price unit for Funds to Keep the Management of Wheat Production Stable (bakusaku-keiei-antei-shikin) and Grants to Promote the Improvement of Quality (hinshitsu-kaizen-shorei-gaku), which will mean that the average producers' price for all wheat brands will be able to make up for the average production cost for paddy field production in all prefectures except Hokkaido. Secondly, on the premise that the first condition has been achieved, price differentials should be applied to each wheat brand, based on the quality of the wheat, the dealing price and the state of the mismatch. Effective boundary measures should be set up to guarantee domestic wheat production.

著者

高橋 大輔

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.1, pp.9-22, 2015-06-25 (Released:2017-07-06)

参考文献数

45

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本稿は,速水佑次郎によって提唱された「農業調整問題」の観点から,日本農業の構造調整と技術進歩・価格政策・農地政策との関わりについての議論を行う.主な結論は以下のとおりである。第1に,生物化学的技術進歩が需要の壁によって停滞する中で,機械学的技術進歩によって生まれた規模の経済性が,農地流動化の制約によって労働土地比の減少につながらなかった.第2に,米の生産調整をはじめとする現行の価格政策は,所得移転の効率性が低い上に構造調整を阻害してきた.第3に,構造調整を進める上で中心的な論点は農地政策であり,農地の取引費用を考える上では公式・非公式の制度の役割について考慮するべきである.アジアで最初に先進国段階に達した日本は,農業調整問題の解決策について,ポジティブな実証研究と政策提言を発信するべきである.

著者

玉 真之介

出版者

日本農業経済学会

雑誌

農業経済研究 (ISSN:03873234)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.1-11, 2014-06-25 (Released:2016-03-26)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1

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戦前期の日本においては,農家数の変動に際だった地域性があった.本稿の課題は,都道府県別データを用いて,戦前に見られた農家数変動の地域性を検出し,その要因について,イエ制度との関連で考察することである.結論は,以下の6点である.①大都市圏を除くと,東日本と南九州で農家数が増加し,西日本で減少するという地域性があった.②農家数の増減率は,小作農家の増減率と強い相関関係を持っており,農家数の変動は小作農の高い流動性によってもたらされていた.③耕地面積の増減も農家数の増減と相関関係があり,農家数変動と連動していたのは田の面積増加であった.④農村部人口の増減と農家数変動が相関関係にあり,人口の増減が農家数の増減を規定する関係にあった.⑤イエ=単独相続というのは誤認であり,イエは家族の生活保障のため,後継ぎ以外にも最小限の生前分与を行っていた.⑥東日本での農家数の増加は,イエの維持存続を優先しながらも,後継ぎ以外の家族の生活保障として小作地を生前分与した結果と推定される.