著者

山田 文雄 杉村 乾 阿部 慎太郎 半田 ゆかり

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.87-92, 2000 (Released:2009-01-31)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

21 21

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アマミノクロウサギPentalaglls fllrnessi は琉球列島の中部の奄美大島と徳之島だけに生息する固有種である。本種の保護を目的に,現存個体数の推定,活動性の時間的・空間的パターンの解明,及び本種の生存を脅かす移入種(とくに移入マングース)の影響の解明について研究を行った。アマミノクロウサギの生息域は縮小化と断片化が進み,生息数も減少傾向にあり, 1995 年現在の生息数は両島で2700~6500 頭と推定された。本種の行動圏面積は比較的狭く(雄1.3 ha ,雌1. 0 ha) ,夜間,森林に覆われた谷などにある巣穴から出て100-200 m 移動し,林縁部で採食と脱糞を行っていた。奄美大島では,移入捕食者であるマングースがアマミノクロウサギや生態系に及ぼす影響の大きいことが明らかになり,その対策が緊急に求めらている。

著者

山田 文雄 杉村 乾 阿部 慎太郎 半田 ゆかり

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.87-92, 2000

被引用文献数

21

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アマミノクロウサギPentalaglls fllrnessi は琉球列島の中部の奄美大島と徳之島だけに生息する固有種である。本種の保護を目的に,現存個体数の推定,活動性の時間的・空間的パターンの解明,及び本種の生存を脅かす移入種(とくに移入マングース)の影響の解明について研究を行った。アマミノクロウサギの生息域は縮小化と断片化が進み,生息数も減少傾向にあり, 1995 年現在の生息数は両島で2700~6500 頭と推定された。本種の行動圏面積は比較的狭く(雄1.3 ha ,雌1. 0 ha) ,夜間,森林に覆われた谷などにある巣穴から出て100-200 m 移動し,林縁部で採食と脱糞を行っていた。奄美大島では,移入捕食者であるマングースがアマミノクロウサギや生態系に及ぼす影響の大きいことが明らかになり,その対策が緊急に求めらている。

著者

Ryosuke Nakamura Michiko Nakagawa Kaoru Kitajima

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MS19-09, (Released:2020-03-20)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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Tropical forest trees take up silicon (Si) and return it to the forest floor via leaf litterfall. Our objective was to explore to what extent litter Si flux and Si availability from the soil are spatially coupled. We examined these relationships within a 4-ha area of lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of Lambir Hills National Park in Borneo. Using leaf litter samples collected with litter traps, we found that Si concentration and flux of leaf litter ranged 2-23mgSig-1 and 0.8-13.1gSim-2 yr-1, respectively, whereas water-extractable Si from 0-10cm deep soil ranged from 5.9 to 24.5mg kg-1 (0.7 to 3.0gSim-2) at 80 litter trap locations. There was no significant correlation among these three aspects of Si cycling via trees. Water-extractable soil Si from three 95cm deep cores showed no significant change with depth, whereas in-situ measurements with six tension lysimeters showed higher soil-water Si concentration in the upper soil layer (0-5cm depth). These results suggest that spatial variations of Si concentration and flux in leaf litter do not reflect those of soil Si availability, but are modulated by distribution of tree species that differ in Si uptake. Si returned to the soil via leaf litter did not show strong spatial signals probably because solubility of Si from dead leaves differs among species. At the stand level, our results are consistent with the perspective that litter Si input enriches plant-available Si pool in the upper soil horizons in tropical forests.

著者

Yoshihiro Nakashima

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.151-164, 2015 (Released:2015-03-01)

参考文献数

86

被引用文献数

3 19

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I compiled a list of medium- and large-sized mammals (excluding Rodentia) in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. Additionally, I evaluated the efficiency of camera trapping for inventorying these animals. I placed 125 camera traps (set to “video mode”) in forest and savannah in the eastern regions of the park, and compared my data with visual and acoustic observational records from the study area since 1999. I confirmed the occurrence of 38species (11Primates, 13 Carnivora, nine Ungulates, and five other taxa). During 4165 camera-days, my camera traps detected 29 out of the 38species (76%), including 10 newly-recorded species in the study area. However, a high proportion of cameras (40%) in savannah were destroyed by Loxodonta africana. Furthermore, using this technique, it was difficult to detect arboreal species. It was also difficult to discriminate morphologically similar species (Cephalophus spp., Phataginus spp., and Galago spp.) from the captured images. These species can be more appropriately detected by visual sighting, acoustic hearing, and molecular techniques, suggesting that a combination of these techniques may increase the inventory efficiency. The number of forest-dwelling herbivores was lower in Moukalaba than in four other sites at or near Gabon, possibly because of separation from large Pleistocene refuges by a natural boundary. Nevertheless, Moukalaba harbors two savannah-dwellers─Kobus ellipsiprymnus and Herpestes ichneumon─which inhabit only a few protected areas of Gabon. The forest is invading the savannah, and therefore there is a requirement for regular burning, which must be enforced to preserve the totality of the existing biodiversity.

著者

Mohammad Shamim Hasan Mandal Toshinori Okuda Su Myat Mon Wei Chuang Chew Chihomi Shigematsu Tetsuro Hosaka

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.111-133, 2023-03-01 (Released:2023-03-01)

参考文献数

34

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Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are essential for rural livelihoods but are often threatened by deforestation and overexploitation. Rauvolfia serpentina is a critical NTFP species; however, there have been no studies on the impact of future climate change on its potential habitat distribution. We used the Maxent modeling approach to address this knowledge gap and determine this species’ current and future suitability under climate change scenarios. The areas more suitable to its occurrence were mainly located near the southwestern coastal regions of Myanmar and India. Based on our predictions, these ‘very high’ suitability areas are likely to decrease in 2070 under both low and high CO2 emission scenarios, indicating the future vulnerability of this species’ habitat to the impact of climate change. This species is a highly valued NTFP species in the study region; therefore, such a reduction in habitat suitability may result in reductions in NTFP production and economic benefits for the dependent populations. Our findings can help define and conserve areas containing the natural habitats of this high-valued NTFP species.

著者

玉手 英利 真室 里香 伊澤 雅子 城間 恒宏 土肥 昭夫

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.73-78, 2000-05-30

著者

前山 智弘 北出 理 松本 忠夫

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1+2, pp.93-103, 1997 (Released:2009-04-25)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 3

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アリ植物に住みつくアリ以外の生物についての詳細かっ定量的な調査報告はほとんどないが,アリ植物と動物との共生関係を解明するためには,アリ植物内の全動物相の調査が必要である。我々はパプア·ニューギニアのマングローブ林において,着生性アリ植物Hydnophytum moseleyanumの483個体を対象に,その塊茎部の空洞に住みつく全動物相を調査した。その結果,11種のアリに加え39種の動物(昆虫などの節足動物と,ある種のトカゲ)が見いだされた。必ずアリのいる空洞で見つかる種が7種,アリがいる空洞·いない空洞の双方で見つかる種が6種みられたが,その他の全ての種はアリが住みついていない空洞内においてのみ見いだされた。ほとんどの動物種は着生性アリ植物を偏利共生的に利用し,捕食者や乾燥から身を守る隠れ家として使っていると思われる。着生性アリ植物の存在によって,多様で複雑な空間構造が提供され,樹上の動物相の多様性が維持されていると考えられた。

著者

Hiroyuki Ishibashi Makoto Inoue Motomu Tanaka

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.119-138, 2015 (Released:2015-12-01)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1

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This article explores changes in the traditional use of forests and their relationship with belief in tiger spirits in the Cardamom Mountains in southwest Cambodia. Locals inhabiting the mountains believe that spirits associated with tigers bite those who violate taboos on forest use. However, the tiger population has declined due to the wildlife trade, which experienced rapid growth during the civil war of the 1990s. The article examines the impact of the war and wildlife trade on the traditional use of the forest by analyzing the relationships among traditional beliefs, changes in the tiger population caused by the growth of the wildlife trade, and war-related changes in the social order. Before the war, beliefs associating tigers with forest use could be observed on several societal levels. The belief that tigers punish violators was practiced on village and inter-village levels, while another form of belief was also practiced on family and individual levels. However, the tiger’s disappearance from the region because of the wildlife trade made such beliefs ineffective. A new belief arose that violators were punished by crop damage caused by wild pigs and other animals. Nevertheless, those who practiced the belief at the individual and family levels still believed in the association between the tiger and spirits and their role in forest use. Therefore, the impact of the aforementioned factors on tiger beliefs differed according to societal level; the extinction of living tigers does not necessarily result in the disappearance of belief at all levels of society.

著者

長田 俊樹

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1+2, pp.147-151, 1998 (Released:2009-03-31)

参考文献数

7

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The Munda people, who lives in the Chotanagpur plateau in eastern India, is a ricecultivator. This paper is to investigate the Munda’s view on Nature. I begin to discuss the concept of soul in Mundari, which is very complicated. In the correspondence to the word ‘soul’ in English, we have four words; e.g. ji, roa, raisi, wnbul. The words roa and raisi are used only for humanbeings, domesticated animals; i.e., cows and goats, and main crops; i.e., rices and finger millets. Further, I found the paratlelism between human’s or ancestoral soul and rice’s soul in the myths and rituals. This is an important idea to understand the Munda’s view on Nafire. Moreover, the Munda people prays God for successful rice cultivation in the agrarian rituds. These ue singbonga (Sun God), buru bonga (Mountain God) and ikir bonga (River God). All is belonging to the nature. It means that the rice-ancestor-nature complex can be found in the Munda microcosmos. ln conclusion it seems to me that the Munda culture also contains a typical feature of pan-Asian rice culture. We need a comparative study on Asian rice culture in this respect.

著者

本江 昭夫

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3+4, pp.213-225, 1996 (Released:2009-06-30)

参考文献数

26

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In the Himalayas, domesticated yak is fed at an altitudinal range of 3,000 to 5,000m. Below this zone, the cow is more common. Hybrids are fed at an intermediate zone. In order to analyze the genetic basis of milk protein variation, milk samples were taken from the nak (female yak), cow and their hybrid. By principle component analysis, yak and a highland type of cow (kirmcome) were clearly distinguished from midland (shakzam) and lowland (palang) cows. Local Sherpa people may produce suitable animals for each zone by controlling animal reproduction systems. Generally speaking, a sustainable stocking rate is two adult animals per hectare in the central Himalayas. However, most pastures were overgrazed 3 to 10 times more than this level. The feedstuff stored over winter was half composed of hay and half of agricultural by-products such as rice straw and wheat straw. Grazing by animals provided 53 to 60 % of food intake (fresh plant weight). Ten % of fodder was provided by trees. For the total number of animals in this study region, the fodder shortage was very acute. Overpopulation of animals was estimated to be 31 to 73 %. Tree fodder is a typical feedstuff in this region. Popular fodder trees are Quercus, Symplocos and Castanopsis. Extention programmes are needed to increase tree fodder production and conserve soils. Ten years are needed to establish a system for continuous tree fodder production. One fodder tree can produce 14 kg fresh matter per year. The shortage can overcome by planting an additional 10 to 15 fodder trees per cow.

著者

Bibian Diway Ling Chea Yiing Mohd Effendi Wasli Yayoi Takeuchi

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.1-14, 2023-06-01 (Released:2023-06-01)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

2

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In Sarawak, Malaysia, logging is conducted with a 25-year harvesting cycle; however, it remains largely unclear if this cycle length is sufficient for forest recovery. This study aims to investigate how the structure of logged forests recovered along the periods after logging. We conducted this study in the Anap-Muput Forest Management Unit (AMFMU), Sarawak. We first established permanent sample plots with different logging history; that is, from 5 years to more than 37 years after the most recent logging. Using the various sample plots, we assessed the stem density, basal area (BA), proportion of dipterocarps, growth and mortality. To compare the forest structure of the logged over forests with that of primary forests, we used our previous data of a primary forest in Batang Ai National Park. We found significant differences in the stem density, total BA, and the proportion of dipterocarp among the plots. Generally, the stem density and total BA increased with the period after logging and decreased with diameter at breast height (DBH) size classes, except of tree of ≥60 cm DBH in several plots. The growth rates and mortalities were higher in more recent logged forests. These results indicated that logged forest was recovering with periods after logging partly because of higher growth rate; however, even in a forest of 37 years after logging, the forest structure was not fully recovered compared to the primary forest. Thus, we concluded that a 25-year harvesting cycle in the selective logging system would not be sufficient for the AMFMU forest to recover. We further need other effective strategies with systematic monitoring.

著者

大塚 雅裕

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.309-322, 2000-05-20

参考文献数

19

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熱帯地域では持続的な森林資源管理のために,多年生作物を用いた農民の土地利用の安定化が緊要な政策課題となっている。しかしながら,農民の行動様式はその地域の天然資源状態及び社会経済環境に左右される。本論文では,インドネシア・西スマトラ州の調査地での事例をもとに,森林周辺において商業主義化が進む地域住民の農業方式の特徴と土地利用集約化のための課題を考察する。<BR>ミナンカパウ農民は自活のために平坦地で長らく水田耕作を営んできたが,近年山間地で収入増加のための畑地耕作を拡大してきた。畑地には植民地時代以降導入されてきたゴム,コーヒー,シナモンなどの換金作物が広く栽培されている。しかし,農民の畑地耕作は,土壌劣化,苗木入手困難,有害動物など多くの技術的制約に妨げられており,一部農民は自らのアイデアで克服してはいるもののその効果はまだ限定的である。さらにより深刻なのは社会経済的制約であり,小農は十分な解決策を見い出せていない。土地問墾,作付け,作物保護及び収穫のために多量の資本と労働力が必要となるが,農民は米の自給自足のために狭小化・分散化する水間耕作にますます集中せざるを得なくなり,遠方の森林内にある畑地での労働が一層困難となっている。さらに市場価格の不安定もあり,生産手段のない小農は頻繁に換金作物栽培を中断し,畑地は放置されて休耕地となる。休耕地の生産資源は劣化し,十分な資本・労働力なしにはその後の再耕作も困難である。他方農民は栽培・市場取引失敗のリスクを恐れるあまり,果樹その他の樹木作物の本格導入には欝跨しがちで,依然として従来の不安定な森林開拓・換金作物栽培に依存したままである。<BR>こうした商業主義的な農業方式を地域の生態的・経済的な状況に適合させるため,他のスマトラ地域での様々な農業システムの事例をも検討しながら,適切な土地利用集約化の方策が模索されなければらない。

著者

Sunittra Aupanun Weeyawat Jaitrong Fuminori Ito

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.63-70, 2022-03-01 (Released:2022-03-01)

参考文献数

33

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Colony composition and behavioral characteristics of the myrmicine ant, Aphaenogaster rugulosa, a species endemic to Yonagunijima Island, were investigated. Colonies nested in rotten woods fallen on the forest floor. All queenright colonies (N=42) were monogynous with one dealate queen. The average colony size in worker number was 140.5±SD 94.9. Under laboratory conditions, workers and larvae fed on both fresh and dried insect preys. The workers used a kind of tool to transport diluted sugar water to the nest chamber. They dropped pine needles and trashes into the diluted sugar water and then transported the food-soaked materials back into the nest chamber, where nest members then sucked on the materials inside the nest chamber. Trophic eggs were laid by the workers, the majority of which were given to the larvae. The queens also fed on trophic eggs as well as insect preys. The workers under an orphan condition laid reproductive eggs that grew up to be males.

著者

Bibian Diway Yasuo Yasui Hideki Innan Yayoi Takeuchi

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.71-82, 2022-03-01 (Released:2022-03-01)

参考文献数

37

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A new Rafflesia population was found in Naha Jaley, Sarawak, in 2012. This study aimed to identify this Rafflesia species and investigate its bud growth. First, we described the flower characteristics and compared them with Rafflesia keithii and R. tuan-mudae, which are candidate species for the flower. Also, we investigated the phylogenetic position of this Rafflesia within Rafflesiaceae using DNA analysis. To estimate bud growth curve, we observed bud development from April 2013 to November 2013 in the field. Based on morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, we confirmed the newly discovered population of the Rafflesia at Naha Jaley was R. tuan-mudae, which is the new locality of the species at the most Eastern side of the known distribution for this species. The results indicated that absolute growth rate was greater in larger buds. We also estimated that it took a year to bloom from the initial bud stage. The mortality in one of our sites was very high, with more than 80 % of buds dead prior to flower opening. This flower would be vulnerable to extinction due to their extraordinary characteristics and anthropogenetic effects. Finally, we discussed how Rafflesia populations in Naha Jaley can be conserved both in-situ and ex-situ.

著者

REMIS Melissa J.

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.245-255, 1993

被引用文献数

46

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中央アフリカ共和国,ザンガーサンガ密林保護区のパイーホクに生息するローランドゴリラの27ヶ月にわたる調査(1990.8-1992.11) で, 1231箇の巣が163箇所の泊場で発見された。これらの分析で得られた結果を,同地域の異なる時期の調査結果および他の地域の結果と比較して報告する。<BR> 巣数の資料は, 1) 地域個体群の個体数や生息密度の推定と, 2) ゴリラ集団のサイズや構成,そしてそれらの変動を知るために直接観察の補助としてよくもちいられる。パイーホク調査地では,継続調査中に記録された巣(寝跡だけのものも含める)のうち,44% が巣としてなにもつくっていない寝跡だけのものであった。15% の泊場所においては,巣は全く作られていなかった。同じ地域できめの細かい巣跡のセンサスを行った結果では,巣無しの寝跡が30% を占めた。これらの結果は,巣無しの寝跡を0~10% の範囲と報告している他地域での調査結果と著しく異なる。<BR> 泊場でどのような巣を作るかは,多分,適切な材料が泊場にあるかどうかに左右されよう。パイーホクでは,局地的植生,季節,巣を作る個体の数が,作られる巣のタイプに影響していることが示された。これらの要因は,また,営巣行動の地域間の変異の要因となっている可能性がある。ちゃんとした巣は50 日間以上もそれと確認できるが,糞とのセットで確認される巣無しの寝跡は,通常, 4 日間経過するとわからなくなる。したがって, 4 日間を過ぎた泊場の寝跡のカウントは一般に過少評価になり,場合によっては泊場さえ記録できないこともありうる。これらのことから,巣数調査の正確さは,地域,サンプルした場所の植生,そして季節によって変動すると考えられる。

著者

木村 正人 平井 喜幸

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.489-495, 2001 (Released:2009-01-31)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

8 12

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カザリショウジョウパエのオスは交尾のためアサガオの花になわばりを形成する。今回, 我々はスカラミ(インドネシア・スマトラ島)において本種の日周期活動となわばり制について調べた。スカラミでは,アサガオの花の寿命は約半日でほぼ日の出時に開き、午後から夕方にかけてしぼむ。本種はオス,メスともしぼんだ花内で夜を過ごし,翌日,朝から夕方にかけ出ていく。一方,新しく開いた花の上の個体数は,朝から夕方にかけ増加する。新しく聞いた花において,オスは,午前中は普通なわばりを保持しているが,午後,花上の個体数が増えてくると,なわばりを守ることができなくなる。新しく開いた花においてなわばりを保持しているオスとしぼんだ花に留まっているオスを朝に採集し,その体サイズを比べたところ,前者の方が大きかった。このことは,大型のオスはなわばり争いに有利であり,新しく開いた花になわばりを保持するため,より早くしぼんだ花を離れることを示している。実際,大型のオスの方がなわばり争いに有利であることが,室内実験により示された。一方,メスにおいては,体サイズと日周期活動にはなんら関係が見られなかった。夕方には,オス,メスともほとんど活動せず,花上に静止していた。メスは朝から夕方にかけ,その日に開いた花にのみ産卵する。花間の卵の分布はほぼランダムであった。

著者

湯本 貴和 百瀬 邦泰 永益 英敏

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.147-151, 2000 (Released:2009-02-28)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

8 11

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マレーシア国サラワク州ランビル国立公園の熱帯雨林で,新しい送粉シンドロームであるリス媒が発見された。Madhuca sp.(アカテツ科)の花は,雄蕊と花弁が合着して,肉質な果実様の花筒を形成する。この花筒は甘く,ショ糖換算で15 %の糖度があった。また,この花筒は雌蕊や子房とは簡単に外れる。3 種のリスと1 種のムササビが花を頻繁に訪れては,花筒を手にもって食べる行動がみられ,その際に花粉が口のまわりや手についたのが観察された。植物個体間での花粉の移動は確認できなかったがリスやムササビが送粉に大きく関与していることが考えられる。

著者

Yasuyuki Kosaka Bhaskar Saikia C. K. Rai Komo Hage Haruhisa Asada Tag Hui Tomo Riba Kazuo Ando

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.75-90, 2015 (Released:2015-09-01)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1

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The transformation of land from swidden based to permanent agriculture is an important issue related to the sustainable livelihood and land use system of people in mountain environments. This paper reports the introduction of paddy rice cultivation and its consequences in four swiddener communities in Arunachal Pradesh, India, by focusing on cultivation techniques. The Indian government introduced paddy rice cultivation to Arunachal Pradesh in the 1950s by teaching the required techniques and supplying seed and agricultural tools. However, few swiddeners began rice cultivation because they disliked working in muddy paddies that could not produce non-rice crops. During the “green revolution” in the 1970s, many people decided to create paddy fields after observing the remarkably high yield of new rice varieties. Over 60 years of trial and error, many swiddener communities have developed a unique cultivation system suited to their local environment, while often learning from their neighboring communities of Ahom and Apatani that already practiced paddy rice cultivation. The paddy field has become a symbol of wealth and social status because of the high and stable yield of paddy rice and escalating land prices. However, the communities usually continue some aspects of swidden cultivation, because only a limited amount of land is suitable for paddy rice, people need non-rice crops, or because older people prefer swidden cultivation work and the taste of upland rice. This case study shows the importance of local needs and knowledge of skilled farmers in swidden transformation.

著者

Erianto Indra PUTRA Hiroshi

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.145-156, 2011 (Released:2012-02-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

9 38

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Indonesia has experienced severe tropical forest fires from a long time ago, mainly in El Niño years. However, previous studies showed that after 1997 forest and peat fires in Indonesia tend to occur every year in the dry season, even in non El Niño years. To clarify this recent pattern of incidence, we studied the fire situation in the Mega Rice Project (MRP) area, Central Kalimantan where large scale development of tropical swamp-forest has been carried out since 1996. To identify the causes of the recent severe peat fires, weather data for Palangkaraya from 1978 to 2007, hotspot data captured by the MODIS satellite, monthly Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, and ground water level (GWL) data were analyzed. The results of the analysis clearly showed a relationship among the precipitation pattern of the dry season, GWL change, Niño 3.4 SST Anomalies, and fire occurrences. A pattern of low precipitation in the dry season decreased GWL and caused a peat fire peak in the middle of August when daily precipitation reached the minimum. These results suggest that large areas of bared peat in the MRP now has a high susceptibility to fire coupled with the precipitation pattern of the dry season.

著者

Miyabi Nakabayashi

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MS19-13, (Released:2020-06-15)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

5

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In this paper, I summarize the plant foods used by four sympatric Paradoxurinae civet species, based on data collected between May 2010 and June 2018, and consider their possible coexistence mechanisms on Borneo. I recorded the plants eaten by them, both by direct observation and fecal analysis, at four sites in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. In total, I recorded 27, 27, 18, and 4 plant food items for common palm civets Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, binturongs Arctictis binturong, small-toothed palm civets Arctogalidia trivirgata, and masked palm civets Paguma larvata, respectively during the study period. The food plant species used by these species studied showed a large degree of overlap, especially among common palm civets, binturongs, and small-toothed palm civets. Based on the results of this study, differences among them in their degree of use of pioneer plant fruits and Ficus, and the acceptance of immature and unripe fruits, could enable these civets to coexist, even in a small area. However, there is no clear evidence for how they are able to coexist. This eight-year record is not enough to fully determine dietary similarities and dissimilarities or the coexistence mechanism of the four sympatric Paradoxurinae species on Borneo. More field observations with mechanical and chemical techniques are needed, not only to elucidate this mechanism but also to consider conservation of these animals and their habitats in a changing environment on Borneo.