著者

Tetsuo KIMURA Naoki MUGURUMA Tatsuzo ITAGAKI Yoshitaka IMOTO Masako KAJI Hiroshi MIYAMOTO Seisuke OKAMURA Tetsuji TAKAYAMA Jouji SHUNTOU

出版者

Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society

雑誌

GASTROENTEROLOGICAL ENDOSCOPY (ISSN:03871207)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.1448-1454, 2008-06-20 (Released:2011-05-09)

参考文献数

20

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症例は63歳,男性.つるし柿6個を一度に食べた後に,腹痛・嘔吐が出現し近医を受診した.上部消化管内視鏡検査にて6cm大の胃石を認めた.柿胃石と判断し,近年の報告を参考にコカ・コーラの経口摂取や内視鏡下にERCP力ニューレを用いて直接散布などを行ったところ,数個の破片に崩壊,消失する経過が内視鏡的に観察された.本疾患に対するコカ・コーラによる溶解療法は安全かつ簡便で,医療経済的にも有用な方法であると考えられた.

著者

Eizo NAKAMURA Katsura KOBAYASHI Ryoji TANAKA Tak KUNIHIRO Hiroshi KITAGAWA Christian POTISZIL Tsutomu OTA Chie SAKAGUCHI Masahiro YAMANAKA Dilan M. RATNAYAKE Havishk TRIPATHI Rahul KUMAR Maya-Liliana AVRAMESCU Hidehisa TSUCHIDA Yusuke YACHI Hitoshi MIURA Masanao ABE Ryota FUKAI Shizuho FURUYA Kentaro HATAKEDA Tasuku HAYASHI Yuya HITOMI Kazuya KUMAGAI Akiko MIYAZAKI Aiko NAKATO Masahiro NISHIMURA Tatsuaki OKADA Hiromichi SOEJIMA Seiji SUGITA Ayako SUZUKI Tomohiro USUI Toru YADA Daiki YAMAMOTO Kasumi YOGATA Miwa YOSHITAKE Masahiko ARAKAWA Atsushi FUJII Masahiko HAYAKAWA Naoyuki HIRATA Naru HIRATA Rie HONDA Chikatoshi HONDA Satoshi HOSODA Yu-ichi IIJIMA Hitoshi IKEDA Masateru ISHIGURO Yoshiaki ISHIHARA Takahiro IWATA Kosuke KAWAHARA Shota KIKUCHI Kohei KITAZATO Koji MATSUMOTO Moe MATSUOKA Tatsuhiro MICHIKAMI Yuya MIMASU Akira MIURA Tomokatsu MOROTA Satoru NAKAZAWA Noriyuki NAMIKI Hirotomo NODA Rina NOGUCHI Naoko OGAWA Kazunori OGAWA Chisato OKAMOTO Go ONO Masanobu OZAKI Takanao SAIKI Naoya SAKATANI Hirotaka SAWADA Hiroki SENSHU Yuri SHIMAKI Kei SHIRAI Yuto TAKEI Hiroshi TAKEUCHI Satoshi TANAKA Eri TATSUMI Fuyuto TERUI Ryudo TSUKIZAKI Koji WADA Manabu YAMADA Tetsuya YAMADA Yukio YAMAMOTO Hajime YANO Yasuhiro YOKOTA Keisuke YOSHIHARA Makoto YOSHIKAWA Kent YOSHIKAWA Masaki FUJIMOTO Sei-ichiro WATANABE Yuichi TSUDA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.6, pp.227-282, 2022-06-10 (Released:2022-06-10)

参考文献数

245

被引用文献数

84

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Presented here are the observations and interpretations from a comprehensive analysis of 16 representative particles returned from the C-type asteroid Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission. On average Ryugu particles consist of 50% phyllosilicate matrix, 41% porosity and 9% minor phases, including organic matter. The abundances of 70 elements from the particles are in close agreement with those of CI chondrites. Bulk Ryugu particles show higher δ18O, Δ17O, and ε54Cr values than CI chondrites. As such, Ryugu sampled the most primitive and least-thermally processed protosolar nebula reservoirs. Such a finding is consistent with multi-scale H-C-N isotopic compositions that are compatible with an origin for Ryugu organic matter within both the protosolar nebula and the interstellar medium. The analytical data obtained here, suggests that complex soluble organic matter formed during aqueous alteration on the Ryugu progenitor planetesimal (several 10’s of km), <2.6 Myr after CAI formation. Subsequently, the Ryugu progenitor planetesimal was fragmented and evolved into the current asteroid Ryugu through sublimation.

著者

Hiroshi TSUBOMURA Naoto YAMAMOTO Nobutaka MATSUO Yoshio OKADA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.7, pp.403-407, 1980 (Released:2006-10-06)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

6 7

著者

Rie Hayashi Hiroyasu Iso Kazumasa Yamagishi Hiroshi Yatsuya Isao Saito Yoshihiro Kokubo Ehab S. Eshak Norie Sawada Shoichiro Tsugane for the Japan Public Health Center-Based (JPHC) Prospective Study Group

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-18-0842, (Released:2019-03-06)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

26

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Background: Evidence from prospective cohort studies regarding the relationship between working hours and risk of cardiovascular disease is limited Methods and Results: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Cohort II involved 15,277 men aged 40–59 years at the baseline survey in 1993. Respondents were followed up until 2012. During the median 20 years of follow up (257,229 person-years), we observed 212 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 745 stroke events. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and occupation showed that multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) associated with overtime work of ≥11h/day were: 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.63) for acute myocardial infarction and 0.83 (95% CI 0.60–1.13) for total stroke, as compared with the reference group (working 7 to <9 h/day). In the multivariable model, increased risk of acute myocardial infarction associated with overtime work of ≥11 h/day was more evident among salaried employees (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.03–4.35) and men aged 50–59 years (HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.42–4.77). Conclusions: Among middle-aged Japanese men, working overtime is associated with a higher risk of acute myocardial infarction.

著者

岸本 広司 Hiroshi Kishimot

雑誌

聖徳学園岐阜教育大学紀要 = Bulletin of Gifu College of Education (ISSN:09160175)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.129-152, 1996-02-29

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Edmund Burke introduced an Economical Reform Bill into Parliament on 11 February 1780 with one of his finest speeches. It was a refrom bill which would reduce patronage power of the Crown, and thus reduce its power to control the House of Commons. It was not Burke's intention blindly to preserve any institution. He recognized that change was an integral part of the social process. He advocated many reforms, especially economical reform. But reform for him meant the amelioration of the British Constitution, not its replacement by something new. Therefore his conception of reform was intrinsically conservative. In this paper, I clarify the relationship between conservation and reformation in Burke's political thought.

著者

Shohei Nagata Tomoki Nakaya Yu Adachi Toru Inamori Kazuto Nakamura Dai Arima Hiroshi Nishiura

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20200625, (Released:2021-04-03)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 55

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Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic spread, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency on April 7, 2020 for seven prefectures, and on April 16, 2020 for all prefectures. The Japanese Prime Minister and governors requested people to adopt self-restraint behaviors, including working from home and refraining from visiting nightlife spots. However, the effectiveness of the mobility change due to such requests in reducing the spread of COVID-19 has been little investigated. The present study examined the association of the mobility change in working, nightlife, and residential places and the COVID-19 outbreaks in Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya metropolitan areas in Japan.Methods: First, we calculated the daily mobility change in working, nightlife, and residential places compared to the mobility before the outbreak using mobile device data. Second, we estimated the sensitivity of mobility changes to the reproduction number by generalized least squares.Results: Mobility change had already started in March, 2020. However, mobility reduction in nightlife places was particularly significant due to the state of emergency declaration. Although the mobility in each place type was associated with the COVID-19 outbreak, the mobility changes in nightlife places were more significantly associated with the outbreak than those in the other place types. There were regional differences in intensity of sensitivity among each metropolitan area.Conclusions: Our findings indicated the effectiveness of the mobility changes, particularly in nightlife places, in reducing the outbreak of COVID-19.

著者

Yoshiki Murakami Masaya Shinohara Yosuke Oka Ryo Wada Ryota Noike Hiroshi Ohara Tadashi Fujino Takanori Ikeda

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.8731-21, (Released:2021-11-27)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

11

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COVID-19 vaccine-related myocarditis has been reported worldwide. We herein report two Japanese cases with suspected vaccine-related myocarditis. A 27-year-old man was admitted with chest pain 4 days after the second vaccination. An electrocardiogram (ECG) did not reveal any significant abnormalities. The second patient, a 37-year-old man, was admitted with chest pain 9 days after the first vaccination. His ECG exhibited ST-elevation in multiple leads. In both cases, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with myocarditis. They recovered with symptomatic relief within a few days. These cases suggest that the benefit of COVID-19 vaccination exceeds the risk of vaccine-related myocarditis.

著者

Shun-ichiro HIRANO Tetsuya FUJIMOTO Hiroshi INOUE Kenji UCHIHASHI Yasuo NISHIKAWA

出版者

Osaka Odontological Society

雑誌

Journal of Osaka Dental University (ISSN:04752058)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.151-156, 2017-10-25 (Released:2018-01-25)

参考文献数

13

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The seating location in the classroom is thought to have a close relationship to the aca­ demic performance of each student. However, as teachers taking part in higher educa­ tion, we know that "common sense" must give way to many exceptional cases. To verify the truth of this widely held belief, we recorded the students' seating locations at a den­ tal hygiene college for many years, and correlated this information with their academic performance. As the rooms in which they were taught were identical, and the seating ar­ rangements were consistent throughout the years, it allowed us to analyze the data in a single environment. Many studies have reported that although students with poor grades sit in "low interaction" seats, students with good grades do not select "high interaction"seats, but rather prefer to occupy "moderate interaction" seats. Average or middle stu­ dents tended to have no favored location. We were not able to correlate each student's academic performance with her preferred seating location, especially in the case of high performing students. However, the pre­ ferred seating location for students with poor grades tended to follow commonly ac­ cepted norms which have been described in many reports. Our findings suggest that stu­ dents who are at risk of failing could be determined by where they sit in the classroom. This helps to identify the potentially unsuccessful candidates, and permits remedial ac­ tion at an early stage. (J Osaka Dent Univ 2017; 51: 151­-156)

著者

増田 俊夫 早見 崇 中條 大志 Hayami Takashi 中條 大志 Nakajo Hiroshi 原 道寛 Hara Michihiro 佐藤 潤一 Sato Junichi 寺本 好邦 Teramoto Yoshikuni 西尾 嘉之 Nishio Yoshiyuki

出版者

福井工業大学

雑誌

福井工業大学研究紀要 Memoirs of Fukui University of Technology (ISSN:18844456)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.284-292, 2013

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Ethy1cellulose (EC) exhibits interesting behavior in the formation of liquid crystals. Early observations indicated that most cellulosics formed right-handed cholesteric structure. However, EC in chloroform and acetic acid (AA) solutions took left-handed cholesteric liquid crystals, whereas EC in dichloroacetic acid (DCA) solution had right-handed ones. In the present study, (phenylacetyl)ethylcellulose (PA-EC) was prepared by the reaction of phenylacetyl chloride with EC having a degree of ethyl substitution (DSEt) of 2.26 in N,N-dimethylacetamide solution using triethylamine as proton scavenger. Reactions were usually carried out at room temperature for one week, which provided a variety of phenylacetyl contents (degree of substitution of phenylacetyl (DSPa) = 0.02, 0.11, 0.32, and 0.43). The chloroform and AA solutions of PA-EC with DSPa = 0.32 displayed a right-handed cholesteric liquid crystalline phase, while the DCA solution showed a left-handed one.

著者

Watanabe Yasunori Saeki Hiroshi Hosking Roger J.

出版者

Cambridge University Press

雑誌

Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN:00221120)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.545, pp.291-328, 2005

被引用文献数

125

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The large-scale vortex structures under spilling and plunging breakers are investigated, using a fully three-dimensional large-eddy simulation (LES). When an overturning jet projecting from the crest in a breaking wave rebounds from the water surface ahead, the vorticity becomes unstable in a saddle region of strain between the rebounding jet and a primary spanwise vortex, resulting in spanwise undulations of the vorticity. The undulations are amplified on a braid in this saddle region, leading to a vortex loop with counter-rotating vorticity. This vortex loop consequently envelops adjacent primary vortices, to form a typical rib structure. This rib component (the stretched vortex loop) in the large-scale vortex structure, which intensifies in the strains associated with the multiple primary vortices generated throughout the splash-up cycle, appears to be the previously found obliquely descending eddy.

著者

HIROSHI OHARA

出版者

Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine

雑誌

Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.235-240, 2004 (Released:2004-11-12)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

9 11

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) has rapidly spread and caused epidemics in many countries. During these epidemics, the Japanese government contributed to SARS control by dispatching medical teams. In the present article, the author reviews and discusses the process of control of the SARS outbreak based on experiences in activities to support SARS control in Vietnam and China.Vietnam succeeded in the effective control of SARS for the first time in the world. This was accomplished by complete isolation of patients and implementation of nosocomial infection control from an early stage of epidemic, etc. In China, due to inadequate response in the early stage, nosocomial infection occurred frequently and the disease quickly spread. However, later, effective actions were taken under the strong direction of the government, and the disease was finally put under control. The Japan Medical Team for Disaster Relief dispatched by the government of Japan to Hanoi, Vietnam and Beijing, China offered cooperative activities for the prevention of nosocomial infection and respiratory management. In addition, the Medical Aid Team sent to Guangdong Province in China provided guidance to the local Japanese residents to prevent the infection of SARS and to alleviate anxiety about the disease. In the control of SARS, it is essential to take adequate actions from an early stage in the development of the disease. For this purpose, rather than starting measures for the control of nosocomial infection after the eruption of the disease, it is important to train medical staff on a routine basis, to establish a nosocomial infection control system, and to consolidate basic preventive practices.

著者

Sugiyama Hideo Terada Hiroshi Isomura Kimio IIJIMA Ikuyo KOBAYASHI Jun KITAMURA Kiyoshi

出版者

日本毒性学会

雑誌

Journal of toxicological sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.417-425, 2009-08-01

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 15

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The isotope ²¹⁰Po was suspected of being involved in the death of a former Russian intelligence agent in 2006 in the UK. Although human exposure to this natural radionuclide in foods is estimated to be high, few studies are available. UNSCEAR Report 2000 does not contain data on ²¹⁰Po concentrations of foodstuffs in Japan. We analyzed samples of the everyday Japanese diet cooked with foodstuffs purchased at supermarkets in 7 major domestic cities in 2007-2008. ²¹⁰Po was quantified by alpha spectrometry and natural radionuclides such as ⁴⁰K by gamma spectrometry. The daily intake and committed effective dose of ²¹⁰Po, ⁴⁰K, and other natural radionuclides for Japanese adults were calculated. Daily intake was 0.34-1.84 (mean &plusmn; σ : 0.66 &plusmn; 0.53) and 68.5-94.2 (81.5 &plusmn; 8.5) Bq/d and the committed effective dose was 0.15-0.81 (0.29 &plusmn; 0.24) and 0.16-0.21 (0.18 &plusmn; 0.02) mSv for ²¹⁰Po and ⁴⁰K, respectively, comprising a high percentage of the total exposure. The total of the mean committed effective dose for the two nuclides (0.47 mSv) was higher than the annual effective dose from ingestion of foods reported by UNSCEAR 2000 (0.29 mSv). The mean committed effective dose of ⁴⁰K in the 7 major Japanese cities was comparable to the global average (0.17 mSv). The dietary exposure of Japanese adults can be characterized by a higher ²¹⁰Po contribution than in other countries. Of the total daily dietary ²¹⁰Po exposure (13 food categories excluding water) for adults in Yokohama, about 70% was from fish/shellfish and 20% from vegetables/mushrooms/seaweeds, reflecting preferences of Japanese to eat a considerable amount of fish/shellfish containing high ²¹⁰Po concentrations.

著者

Seiji Hokimoto Koichi Kaikita Satoshi Yasuda Kenichi Tsujita Masaharu Ishihara Tetsuya Matoba Yasushi Matsuzawa Yoshiaki Mitsutake Yoshihide Mitani Toyoaki Murohara Takashi Noda Koichi Node Teruo Noguchi Hiroshi Suzuki Jun Takahashi Yasuhiko Tanabe Atsushi Tanaka Nobuhiro Tanaka Hiroki Teragawa Takanori Yasu Michihiro Yoshimura Yasuhide Asaumi Shigeo Godo Hiroki Ikenaga Takahiro Imanaka Kohei Ishibashi Masanobu Ishii Takayuki Ishihara Yunosuke Matsuura Hiroyuki Miura Yasuhiro Nakano Takayuki Ogawa Takashi Shiroto Hirofumi Soejima Ryu Takagi Akihito Tanaka Atsushi Tanaka Akira Taruya Etsuko Tsuda Kohei Wakabayashi Kensuke Yokoi Toru Minamino Yoshihisa Nakagawa Shozo Sueda Hiroaki Shimokawa Hisao Ogawa on behalf of the Japanese Circulation Society and Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics and Japanese College of Cardiology Joint Working Group

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-22-0779, (Released:2023-03-10)

被引用文献数

37

著者

Hiroshi Nakamine

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.91-94, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-03-25)

参考文献数

15

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Perlomyia gakken sp. nov. (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) from Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu, Japan, is described and illustrated. This new species is distinguished from all other Perlomyia species by having a remarkably long and slender epiproct with a crochet hook shape at tip. Although, this new species is most similar to P. kappa Sivec and Stark, 2012, but can be discriminated from P. kappa by the three morphological differences: (1) cercus with small spine-like apex (long terminal spine in P. kappa), (2) epiproct slightly swollen at middle in lateral aspect (swollen basally in P. kappa), and (3) epiproct like a crochet hook shape apically in lateral aspect (expanded apically in lateral aspect in P. kappa). A checklist and type localities map for 25 currently recognised Perlomyia species are also presented.

著者

Yong Sang LEE Kee-Hyun NAM Woong Youn CHUNG Hang Seok CHANG Naoyuki SHIGEMATSU Hiroshi TAKAMI Atsushi KUBO Cheong Soo PARK

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.6, pp.1015-1024, 2008 (Released:2008-12-27)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

5 7

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Objectives: The optimal extent of surgery and postoperative management of patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) vary among countries and institutions. We assessed the practical management of WDTC in Korea by questionnaire and compared these results with those obtained in similar surveys of members of the Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery (JSTS) and the International Association of Endocrine Surgeons (IAES). Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were sent by mail or e-mail to 266 members of the Korean Association of Endocrine Surgeons (KAES). Ninety members (33.8%) completed the questionnaire; their responses were compared with those of the JSTS and IAES surveys. Results: Total thyroidectomy was more prevalent in the KAES and IAES than in the JSTS, irrespective of tumor size in the low-risk group. Patients with papillary microcarcinoma were more likely to undergo aggressive central compartment node dissection in the KAES than in the IAES or JSTS. Thyroid stimulating hormone suppression therapy was administered to a higher proportion of patients and for longer times in the KAES and IAES than in the JSTS. Postoperative radioactive iodine treatment was more prevalent in the KAES than in the JSTS. There were no differences between the KAES and the JSTS in the treatment of patients with locally advanced thyroid carcinoma. External irradiation and radioactive iodine treatment for recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma were favored more by the KAES than the IAES and JSTS. Conclusions: The actual practices of members of the KAES were almost similar to those of the IAES, but differed from those in Japan in some aspects. In general, however, members of the KAES favored more aggressive treatment of WDTC than did physicians in other countries.

著者

Masaomi Nangaku Takashi Kadowaki Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi Norio Ohmagari Moritoki Egi Junichi Sasaki Tetsuya Sakamoto Yoshinori Hasegawa Takashi Ogura Shigeru Chiba Koichi Node Ryo Suzuki Yasuhiro Yamaguchi Atsuko Murashima Norihiko Ikeda Eriko Morishita Kenji Yuzawa Hiroyuki Moriuchi Satoshi Hayakawa Daisuke Nishi Atsushi Irisawa Toshiaki Miyamoto Hidetaka Suzuki Hirohito Sone Yuuji Fujino

出版者

Japan Medical Association / The Japanese Associaiton of Medical Sciences

雑誌

JMA Journal (ISSN:2433328X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.148-162, 2021-04-15 (Released:2021-05-07)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

7

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In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented impacts on various aspects of the world. Each academic society has published a guide and/or guidelines on how to cope with COVID-19 separately. As the one and only nationwide association of academic societies that represent medical science in Japan, JMSF has decided to publish the expert opinion to help patients and care providers find specifically what they want.This expert opinion is a summary of recommendations by many academic societies and will be updated when necessary. Patients that each academic society targets differ even though they suffer from the same COVID-19, and recommendations can be different in a context-dependent manner. Readers are supposed to be flexible and adjustable when they use this expert opinion.

著者

Takahiro Kanda Kei Tawarahara Naoki Nakamura Yuki Tokonami Hiroyuki Aoshima Gaku Matsukura Masayoshi Matsunari Rumi Takabayashi Mariko Ozeki Hiroshi Ukigai Ryosuke Takeuchi Kazuhiko Takeuchi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.19, pp.3121-3124, 2021-10-01 (Released:2021-10-01)

参考文献数

14

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Acute type A aortic dissection is a potentially fatal disease, and emergency surgery should be considered when it is diagnosed. We herein report two cases of retrograde type A aortic dissection with intramural hematoma, followed by re-dissection, rupture, and cardiac tamponade. The diagnoses in these cases had to be made carefully, as the false lumen of the ascending aorta was sometimes unclear on contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

著者

内山 弘 UCHIYAMA Hiroshi

出版者

鹿児島大学

雑誌

地域政策科学研究 (ISSN:13490699)

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.219-236, 2010-03

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I have collected words and phrases used in 2channel (Ni-channel) and Nikoniko-doga,and divided them into five categories according to their characteristics: (1) grammatical,(2)phonetic,( 3) orthographical,(4 )vocabulary,and (5) style. As a result,I found that the orthographical category (inc1uding pictorial) has the greatest number of expressions,followed by the categories of vocabulary and style. In the orthographical category,there are various expressions influenced by the arrangement of Japanese letters on the key-board,the process of installing Japanese words,the similarity of letter shapes,size of letters,and omission. We find many examples of abbreviations,new words,and change of meaning in the category of vocabulary. It's especially noticeable that the words which were once deconstructed or used as parts of other words and AA (ASCII Art),are rearranged as new words. In style,there are a lot of baby words,euphemisms,and AA,which may help to convey precisely what a writer wants to tell. Based on these analyses,I noticed that there are mainly three motives for producing new Net-words: (1)the writer's desire to differentiate their own words from other writers' words,( 2) the writer's desire to make the work easier,and/or (3) the writer's desire to create novel expressions. I think writers' desires to create novel expressions,or "word neophilia",is potentially a rich source of new Net-words for the future.

著者

Daisuke Yoneoka Takayuki Kawashima Yuta Tanoue Shuhei Nomura Keisuke Ejima Shoi Shi Akifumi Eguchi Toshibumi Taniguchi Haruka Sakamoto Hiroyuki Kunishima Stuart Gilmour Hiroshi Nishiura Hiroaki Miyata

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20200150, (Released:2020-05-30)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

34

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BackgroundThe World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Large-scale monitoring for capturing the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Japan would improve preparation for and prevention of a massive outbreak.MethodsA chatbot-based healthcare system named COOPERA (COvid-19: Operation for Personalized Empowerment to Render smart prevention And care seeking) was developed using the LINE app to evaluate the current Japanese epidemiological situation. LINE users could participate in the system either though a QR code page in the prefecture’s website, or a banner at the top of the LINE app screen. COOPERA asked participants questions regarding personal information, preventive actions, and non-specific symptoms related to COVID-19 and their duration. We calculated daily cross correlation functions between the reported number of infected cases confirmed by PCR and the symptom-positive group captured by COOPERA.ResultsWe analyzed 206,218 participants from three prefectures reported between March 5 and 30, 2020. The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 44.2 (13.2). No symptoms were reported by 96.93% of participants, but there was a significantly positive correlation between the reported number of COVID-19 cases and self-reported fevers, suggesting that massive monitoring of fever might help to estimate the scale of the COVID-19 epidemic in real time.ConclusionsCOOPERA is the first real-time system being used to monitor trends in COVID-19 in Japan, and provides useful insights to assist political decisions to tackle the epidemic.

著者

Naoki KATAYAMA Hiroshi UCHIDA Yoshinobu KUSUMOTO Tomohiko IIDA

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.93-114, 2022 (Released:2022-01-31)

参考文献数

69

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Perennial farmlands such as fruit orchards and vineyards often substitute for natural habitats and provide nesting and foraging habitats for birds. Bird use of perennial farmlands has been investigated mainly in Europe and North America, but far less in Asia, which hosts one-third of identified biodiversity hotspots. We aimed to fill this knowledge gap by performing a systematic review of bird studies in fruit orchards and vineyards in Japan. We screened literature written in English or Japanese including both published and non-peer-reviewed (grey material, e.g., books, abstracts of annual meetings, blogs, and unpublished surveys). The review identified 31 bird species, including four Red List species, that nest in orchards and vineyards in Japan. Several studies have provided insights into the habitat quality of fruit orchards, which appears to vary among bird species. Other studies have reported: (1) the effects of orchard management on bird diversity (e.g., positive effects of organic farming and grass cover on bird richness and abundance); and (2) the ecosystem services by birds (e.g., reduction of pest rodents by predatory Ural Owls Strix uralensis). Our review demonstrates the potential importance of fruit orchards and vineyards to bird species that have adapted to human-modified landscapes, although more quantitative studies are needed to investigate the actual breeding performance of birds. We also illustrate the importance of non-English-language literature, including grey literature, to mitigate ecological knowledge gaps in countries where English is not the first language.