著者

岡崎 宏樹

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.1-21, 1998-12-25

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Confronted with so shocking a event which gives too extraordinarily intense impression, one will lose self-control. Such experience, sometimes so delightful, sometimes so sorrowful, can change one's personalty fundamentally. What does the shock bring about? How does the experience of the shock have its overwhelming influence on a person? Where is the person whom the shock left its mark on destined to go? In order to throw light on these questions, I would like to examine the phenomenon called psychological trauma. It is not the aim of this paper to define the trauma or to examine many psychotherapies which are designed to remend it, but to examine how traumatic events occur just to get some clues to an understanding of extraordinarily intense experiences, where one may find some suggestive conclusion for sociological studies. For this purpose Sigmund Freud's Project For a Scientific Psychology is, which tries to explain all the psychological phenomena with its original neuron theory, is examined. It seems to give us no less remarkable theory to understand psychological trauma than his later writings. In fact Project itself does not refer to the trauma. Nevertheless the concept of Pain in Project seems to be full of suggestions if we regard it as one that means the traumatic event. For instance it shows that the peak of Pain namely the moment when such events are the most intense cannot be memorized in normal way. It implies the impossibility of the complete recovery which psychotherapy that attaches great importance to remembrance of traumatic experience supposes to attain. Project model can explain the reason. It also shows that the anxiety which derived from experience of Pain can establish the system of ego. In the second part of this article, what the phenomenon called recovery from trauma means will be considered, by examining, from the standpoint of the neuron theory of Project, the play of a child who experienced traumatic situation. In the study of the trauma we find many sorts of repetition. The dreams of those suffering traumatic neurosis repeat the same scene of traumatic situations. Those patients sometimes repeat the same traumatic situation as they had experienced before in the actual stuation: it is called acting-out. While, the child repeats the play which seems to express the traumatic situation. I will examine the different levels of these repetitions and show the significance of creative repetition of the play of the child, which seems to imply the possibility of impossibile recovery.

著者

菊地 夏野

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.243-249, 1999-12-25

著者

田野 大輔

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.123-150, 1997-12-25

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In diesem Aufsatz geht es um die kulturelle Reichweite der Motorisierung im Dritten Reich. Den kulturpolitischen Grundzug des Nationalsozialismus hat J. Herf als 》Reaktionare Modernitat《 charakterisiert, d.h. als Mischung von reaktionarer Politik und technischer Modernitat. Aber dieser Begriff ist irrefuhrend, weil sich die Haltung der Nationalsozialisten zur Modernitat nicht einfach als 》reaktionar《 definieren lasst. Eher sollte man den an sich ambivalenten Charakter der Moderne, der von D. Peukert als 》Janusgesicht des Modernisierungsprozesses《 gekennzeichnet worden ist, zur Diskussion stellen, um das Wesen des Nationalsozialismus zu erklaren. Darilber hinaus soll hier klargemacht werden, dass sich Hitlers Diktatur auf diese ambivalente Modernitat stutzte, die das deutsche Volk bis zum Zusammenbruch des Dritten Reiches faszinierte und nicht zuletzt im Autobahnbau und im Volkswagenprojekt ihren Niederschlag fand. Hitler trat mit dem Ziel an, eine motorisierte Volksgemeinschaft zu schaffen. Er gelobte, auch dem deutschen Arbeiter zu einem Wagen, dem Symbol der Modernitat, zu verhelfen und damit die spannungsgeladene Distanz zwischen den Schichten auszugleichen. Das war eine lockende Verheissung der NS-Zukunft. Der 》Fuhrer《 betrachtete das Automobil und andere Technologien als Mittel der Herrschaft, als 》elan vital《 des neuen faschistischen Menschen. Das Autobewusstsein des Dritten Reiches ist daher wohl als 》stahlerne Romantik《 zu kennzeichnen, wie Goebbels es nannte. Hier lasst sich die Ambivalenz der nationalsozialistischen Modernitat ganz klar erkennen, d.h. die Synthese von technologischem Fortschritt und diktatorischem Herrschaftsanspruch. Die Reichsautobahnen, 》die Strassen des Fuhrers《, sollten nicht nur 》Pyramiden des Reiches《 sein, sondern auch Symbol der Einheit der Nation, der raumliche Ausdruck der Gleichschaltung. Hier spiegelte sich die ganz moderne Vision einer integrierten Gesellschaft, der die Nationalsozialisten nur ihren eigenen Ausdruck gaben. Daruber hinaus sollten die Autobahnen nach Auffassung von F. Todt 》Kunstwerk《 sein, das den Versuch darstellte, Technik und Kultur zu versohnen und die NS-Ideologie in Stahl, Stein und Beton zu materialisieren. Wahrend aber die NS-Kunst grundsatzlich technologiefrei war, mit Ausnahme der Autobahnen, sah Hitler den Volkswagen eher im Kontext des Massenkonsums. Der Volkswagen sollte ein solides Gebrauchsgut sein und daher in seinem Design Einfachheit, Bescheidenheit, Zuverlassigkeit und Sparsamkeit darstellen. Bei seiner Stromlinienform, die die Geschwindigkeit formal zum Ausdruck brachte, ging es darum, den technologischen Fortschritt und die Modernitat des Regimes zu symbolisieren. Im Gegensatz zur Kunst, wo mit der Ausrottung der 》entarteten《 Kunst Modernitat nicht mehr thematisiert wurde, trat in der Autowerbung jedoch der moderne Massenkonsum als Hauptthema auf, in dem sich die Sehnsucht des Volkes nach einem bewegteren, individuelleren Leben widerspiegelte. Der Nationalsozialismus verstarkte also die Tendenzen zur Massenkonsumgesellschaft, denn die atomisierte Masse kam ihm hochst gelegen. Zusammenfassend lasst sich sagen, dass der Wille zur Motorisierung im Dritten Reich wohl als das 》Janusgesicht《 der Modernitat zu charakterisieren ist. Problematisch ist nur die Bewertung dieser Ambivalenz. Dieser ambivalence Charakter eignet sich nicht als Erklarungsmodell fur Verschleierungspraktiken oder Lugenhaftigkeit des Nationalsozialismus. Im Gegenteil zielten die Nationalsozialisten selbst auf einen Fortschritt in Harmonie und Ordnung, die Versohnung von Moderne und Kultur. Unverkennbar ist allerdings, dass diese Vision an sich im hochsten Grade modern ist. Man kann sogar die archaischen Elemente der NS-Kultur als Ausdruck der Modernisierungstriebkraft interpretieren, weil es ein ganz moderner Verhaltenskodex ist, zur ideologischen Legitimierung alte Symbole zu benutzen. Letztlich handelt es sich um die Durchmischung von progressiven und regressiven Tendenzen als typischen Phanomenen der Modernisierung.

著者

松浦 雄介

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.73-90, 2004-12-25

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In this paper I investigate the mode of memory and style of life in early works of Furui Yoshikichi, a contemporary Japanese novelist. Contemporary society could be characterized by its indeterminacy. This indeterminacy appears on the level of everyday life in various ways. Memory is a point of view suitable for observing the indeterminacy of society. As H. Bergson once said, memory enables free action and creates the rhythm of life. But it is common that one's memory is interrupted and fragmented in modern society, which is driven by endless changes. Interruption and fragmentation of memory is a symptom of indeterminacy of a society. We can understand the latter by analyzing the former. The purpose of this paper is to consider the characteristics of indeterminacy in contemporary society through observing how their memories are interrupted and fragmented. This is the reason for why I focus on the mode of memory in Furui's novels. In Furui's works, relationships between contradictory values-such as life

著者

岡崎 宏樹

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.1-21, 1998-12-25

---

Confronted with so shocking a event which gives too extraordinarily intense impression, one will lose self-control. Such experience, sometimes so delightful, sometimes so sorrowful, can change one's personalty fundamentally. What does the shock bring about? How does the experience of the shock have its overwhelming influence on a person? Where is the person whom the shock left its mark on destined to go? In order to throw light on these questions, I would like to examine the phenomenon called psychological trauma. It is not the aim of this paper to define the trauma or to examine many psychotherapies which are designed to remend it, but to examine how traumatic events occur just to get some clues to an understanding of extraordinarily intense experiences, where one may find some suggestive conclusion for sociological studies. For this purpose Sigmund Freud's Project For a Scientific Psychology is, which tries to explain all the psychological phenomena with its original neuron theory, is examined. It seems to give us no less remarkable theory to understand psychological trauma than his later writings. In fact Project itself does not refer to the trauma. Nevertheless the concept of Pain in Project seems to be full of suggestions if we regard it as one that means the traumatic event. For instance it shows that the peak of Pain namely the moment when such events are the most intense cannot be memorized in normal way. It implies the impossibility of the complete recovery which psychotherapy that attaches great importance to remembrance of traumatic experience supposes to attain. Project model can explain the reason. It also shows that the anxiety which derived from experience of Pain can establish the system of ego. In the second part of this article, what the phenomenon called recovery from trauma means will be considered, by examining, from the standpoint of the neuron theory of Project, the play of a child who experienced traumatic situation. In the study of the trauma we find many sorts of repetition. The dreams of those suffering traumatic neurosis repeat the same scene of traumatic situations. Those patients sometimes repeat the same traumatic situation as they had experienced before in the actual stuation: it is called acting-out. While, the child repeats the play which seems to express the traumatic situation. I will examine the different levels of these repetitions and show the significance of creative repetition of the play of the child, which seems to imply the possibility of impossibile recovery.

著者

野村 明宏

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.1-24, 1999-12

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Taiwan ceded to Japan after the Sino-Japanese War was under Japanese rule for half a century (1895-1945). It was so abrupt for Japanese statesmen to acquire the territory from a foreign government in less than thirty years after the Meiji Restoration. Japanese government, therefore, didn't have prepared any fundamental policy for this first colony in advance. This situation was differ from the cases of the European colonial rules which had been began after the progress of the propagation, the commerce and the industries, and so on. It was one of the distinctive features for Japanese colonial government to have no experience beforehand, however, there was another distinctive one. It was the difficulty of application of the binary shame, civilization-savage on the relation of the dominate-subordinate. It was difficult to rule the Chinese culture area, especially for Japan which have been influenced by this culture area. This article starts to investigate these situations in Taiwan under the rule of Japanese empire based on the ambiguity of Japan, that is, Japan was superior to Taiwan in military power and western material civilization, but was inferior in Confucian spiritual culture. It was difficult for Japan to get dignity as the governing state on that situation. Shinpei Goto, the secretary of civil government in Taiwan decided on colonial policies and leaded to build the effective governmental system for Japan in this complicated relationship. He carried out various policies, for example, the spread of medical knowledge and hygienics, the building of infrastructure, the educational administration, and the large scale investigation like census, etc. These policies produced good result for the Japanese colonial rule. The property of this government is the infiltration of state apparatus throughout Taiwanese everyday life. This government forms the bio-power that disciplines the people, and turns out them to the subjected individuals.

著者

田野 大輔

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.63-80, 1999-12-25

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In diesem Aufsatz geht es um den Gesamtzusammenhang der nationalsozialistischen Medienrealitat, die von Widerspruchen und Konflikten gekennzeichnet wurde. Zuerst werden einzelne Medienbereiche (Presse, Rundfunk, Film und Kunst) untersucht, und dadurch wird festgestellt, dass die Hauptkontrahenten der kulturpolitischen Machtkampfe vor allem Goebbels und Rosenberg waren. Der Propagandaminister, ein Virtuose im Umgang mit den modernen Massenmedien, war der pragmatischen Meinung, dass Unterhaltung staatspolitisch wichtig sei, denn ohne Optimismus sei kein Krieg zu gewinnen, wahrend der Chefideologe ein sturer Dogmatiker war, der sich immer an einer volkischen Weltanschauung orientierte. Dieser Konflikt zwischen pragmatischer Moderne und volkischer Antimoderne spitzte sich zu, nicht zuletzt auf einem kulturpolitischen Feld, das mit der NS-Gemeinschaft "Kraft durch Freude" innerhalb der von Ley beherrschten Deutschen Arbeitsfront entstand. Durch eine kurze Untersuchung ihrer Tatigkeiten wird gezeigt, dass diese Mammutorganisation versuchte, Moderne und Antimoderne zu versohnen und eine politische Asthetik herzustellen. Diese Asthetik wurde zu einem klassischen Schonheitsideal uberhoht, wie es in den monumentalen Bauten Speers oder in den Olympischen Spielen 1936 dargestellt wurde. Nach der Auffassung Hitlers sollte es sogar um einen von Klassizitat gepragten neuen Menschentyp gehen. Somit lasst sich schliessen, dass die politische Asthetik, die als moderner Klassizismus zu charakterisieren ist, eine integrierende Rolle innerhalb der widerspruchlichen Kulturpolitik im Dritten Reich spielte.

著者

高木 学

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.121-140, 1999-12-25

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This population movement, caused by modernization and urbanization, has consistently flowed from rural areas to cities. Consequently, rural agricultural communities have declined and lost their vitality. Although nationwide development and activation plans for underpopulated areas have been drawn up in order to ease this problem, the exodus from rural areas has not been stemmed. Since the 1980s, however, the population has flowed in the opposite direction. This movement from cities into underpopulated rural areas, the so-called 'I-turn', is significant in that it appears to be a rejection of modernity and urbanization. However it has been thought that this movement from cities into underpopulated rural areas caused mainly by problems of cities, and the subjective influence of underpopulated rural areas has been not made of as yet. In this article, I focus upon this subjective influence, and analyze their living conditions and their intentions. In conclusion, I demonstrate that the movement into underpopulated areas has two main features: 1) the phenomenon of urban population movement into underpopulated rural areas has the side as a survival strategy of rural areas, and showed two inconsistent workings of rural people that is toward exclusion and toward assimilation, 2) there are a negotiated transaction Between local inhabitants and settlers, that is called mutual compensation of the contrariness. I consider that rural areas are now real living spaces for the settlers rather than idealized locations for leisure consumption.

著者

右田 裕規

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.93-114, 2001-12-25

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The fact that the pictures of the Imperial family of Japan were called "goshin-ei", and were treated as the icons of the religious observance at schools in modern Japan was pointed out by a lot of preceding studies on the "goshin-ei". According to these precedent studies, on festival days of the Imperial family, school students at the prewar days were made to worship pictures of the Imperial family that Japanese government sent to many schools, and through these religious observances at schools, the government succeeded in cultivating the respects for the Imperial family in Japanese people. By the way, many pictures and portraits of the Imperial family of Japan were sold by private merchants, and were printed in newspapers and magazines frequently at prewar days. But preceding studies on the "goshin-ei" treated the pictures of the Imperial family that the government sent to schools exclusively, and didn't refer to the pictures and portraits of the Imperial family sold or distributed by private merchants and the mass media. The purposes of this paper are to elucidate the activities of the Japanese government, the mass media and people around gravures of the Imperial family of Japan in newspapers and magazines at prewar times, and to make clear the mentalities to the Imperial family that these gravures cultivated in Japanese people.

著者

大山 小夜

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.195-214, 1997-12-25

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This article deals with one of the major social problems in Japan which sociologists have both individually and systematically paid little attention to: the increase of multiple-debtors, those who borrow money from various kinds of lenders. This article aims to provide a broader contextual picture behind this social problem, from which further empirical investigation can be carried out. I have collected and analyzed the available statistical data from three main sources: creditors, borrowers, and court records. In my conclusion, I suggest that we specify the conditions and processes of the problematic situation. Firstly, I examine the development of the consumer credit market, based on the data from the annual report "Consumer Credit Statistics of Japan", edited by the Japan Consumer Credit Industry Association. Consumer credit institutions have succeeded in granting large sums of credit, particularly since the oil crisis of the mid-1970's, focusing on high-interest consumer finance. As a result, outstanding credit has grown into a large burden of debt on consumers. Secondly, I make a chronological and cross-sectional analysis of borrowers by using the Annual Report on National Accounts and the Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey, both published by the Japanese Government. The use of credit has spread rapidly throughout national households, in contrast to the decrease in disposable income and savings. A large propotion of many peoples' income is now used to pay off debt, such as housing loans, loan repayment installments, revolving and lump sum credit, consumer finance and so on. Thirdly, I clarify the recent growth of consumer bankruptcy, referring to the public records from the Annual Report of Judicial Statistics, issued by the Japanese Supreme Court. Using this data, this article shows various trends over the course of the last five decades. It demonstrates for the initial period that the total number of bankruptcy petitions did not pass ten thousand before the early 1980's. By contrast, although a slight decrease can be observed in the data for the mid and late 1980's, the data for the 1990's portrays a steady rise, peaking with the figure for 1996, when more than fifty thousand petitions were filed. Finally, after contextualizing the increase of these multiple-debtors into the three trends as stated above on a macro-quantitative level, I conclude that the research in this area needs to move away from the simple explanation of this social problem in terms of individual skills as regards money management, and move onto the specification of the conditions and processes under which people get into trouble with debt, as well as how the system of credit has developed during the postwar period.

著者

大山 小夜

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.113-137, 1998-12-25

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This article is an ethnographic study of the process and structure of the activity of a self-help society. This society is organized by lawyers, judicial scriveners, consumer consultants, and consumers who find it difficult to meet their debts with their income. It was established in 1997 with the aim of helping such debtors clear their debt, in doing so, recovering self-confidence, and restoring the quality of their lives. I discuss the meaning of such self-help activity for debtors, as I specify the historical, interactional and structural features of the society. The first section contextualizes the group concerned within a broader social context, examining how the social movement for debtors has developed in Japan since 1977. The second section describes the interactional processes between people at the "regular meeting". The meeting, which is held from 1 pm to 5 pm twice a month, is composed of four parts: presenting oneself, a lecture, an individual consultation, and the exchange of results and impressions. This section profiles the debtors who come to the society for help, and gives a description of their legal status. The third section analyzes how the people commit themselves to the society, as a social world, from three angles: financial, human, and the practical business information. The financial report informs us that this society is jointly funded by membership fees and contributions collected from experts. Two existing networks of judicial scriveners and consumer consultants form the manpower foundation of the society. All the members work out various strategies to mobilize newcomers. A 'new staff chart' shows the distribution of work, which gives each member a role in the society. Inside and outside the group, experts exchange their knowledge and skills to clear the consumers' debts. They make further requests to the authorities to control creditors in order to allow the smooth settlement of debt. The final section summarizes the characteristics of their activity, and implies that debtors can get the opportunity to reconstruct their everyday reality and to change their lives through participation in the self-help society.

著者

山本 耕平

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.261-268, 2007-12

著者

島岡 哉

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.145-166, 2002-12-25

著者

福浦 一男

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.177-190, 2001-12-25

著者

吉田 純

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.23-36, 1997-12-25

著者

田野 大輔

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.97-104, 1994-03-31

著者

高山 龍太郎

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.139-162, 1998-12-25

著者

田野 大輔

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.123-150, 1997-12-25

著者

木村 至聖

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.141-168, 2007-12-25

著者

有薗 真代

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.43-63, 2007-12-25