著者

村上 恵一 花田 光雄 高橋 俊一 宮田 吉郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

窯業協會誌 (ISSN:18842127)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.718, pp.7-12, 1956-01-01

被引用文献数

1 1 2

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The results are summarised as follows:<br>1. The chemical formula of Calcium sulphite was found to be CaSO₂⋅1/2 H₂O.<br>2. The heat of oxidation of crystalline and amorphous CaSO₃⋅1/2 H₂O are 60.51 kcal/mol and 62.95 kcal/mol respectively.<br>3. Crystalline calcium magnesium sulphite was discovered and its chemical formula was determined to be CaMg(SO₃)₂⋅7H₂O.<br>4. The dehydration temperature of crystalline and amorphous CaSO₃⋅1/2 H₂O are 400°C and 375°C respectively. The compound CaMg(SO₃)₂⋅7H₂O dehydrates stepwise at 110°C and 200°C.<br>5. The calcium sulphite when suspended in water is easely oxidized with air bubbles to good gypsum crystals.

著者

猪股 吉三

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

窯業協會誌 (ISSN:18842127)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1045, pp.527-531, 1982-09-01

被引用文献数

4 4

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焼結の進行に伴う表面及び粒界のエネルギーの減少と物質移動速度を関連させ, 立方稠密充てんの等容積球体の収縮速度を理論的に導き, 収縮速度への表面及び粒界エネルギーの寄与を検討した. こうして得られた速度式によれば, 粒界エネルギーが表面エネルギーと同程度か, それ以下であって, 粒成長が起こらなければ, 始めて閉気孔が生成するまでの段階は, 次式で表されることが期待される.<br><i>ΔL/L</i>₀∝<i>t^m</i>ここに0.26<<i>m</i><0.58<br>また, 粒界エネルギーが, 表面エネルギーの√3倍以上であると, この系は完全に焼結せず, 開気孔を残した状態で, 収縮の平衡点に到達することを示し, このような場合についても, 前記した概念に基づいて収縮速度を算出した.

著者

袖山 研一 目 義雄 神野 好孝 浜石 和人 國生 徹郎 関 博光

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

日本セラミックス協会学術論文誌 : Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai gakujutsu ronbunshi (ISSN:18821022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.1231, pp.333-338, 1998-03-01

被引用文献数

7 6

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Preparation and some properties of 20 and/or 30 mass% Shirasuballoons(diameter 6.6, 10.4 and 31.5 μm)added lightweight pottery were studied to develop their high strength with high porosity. Mixed slip of Shirasuballoons and pottery clay was prepared by adding 0.3 mass% water glass. The green compacts consolidated by a slip casting were dried at 110℃ and sintered at 1150-1250℃ for 1h in air. Bulk density of the lightweight pottery was decreased by addition of Shirasuballoons. Closed porosities of the lightweight pottery were almost independent on diameters of Shirasuballoons. Open porosities of the lightweight pottery, however, were affected by the diameter of Shirasuballoon. The open porosity of the lightweight decreased with the addition of 20 and 30 mass% Shirasuballoons in diameter of 6.6 μm, compared with that of without Shirasuballoons, but they increased with the addition of 20 mass% Shirasuballoons in diameter of 10.4 and 31.5 μm. Flexural strength of the lightweight pottery do not decreased with the addition of Shirasuballoons in diameter of 6.6 μm ; compared with that of original pottery clay, but decreased with the addition of Shirasuballoons in diameter of 10.4 and 31.5 μm.

著者

幾原 雄一 栗下 裕明 吉永 日出男

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

窯業協會誌 (ISSN:18842127)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.1102, pp.638-645, 1987-06-01

被引用文献数

9 18

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In order to in vestigate the effect of grain boundary structure on the high-temperature strength of SiC, three kinds of SiC materials were prepared by pressureless sintering; material A with sintering aids of B+C, material B with B+C+AlN, and material C without any sintering aid. Their strength was measured by three-point bending at temperatures from room temperature to 2070K. The grain boundary structure was observed by HR-TEM. The following results were obtained.<br>(1) The strength of material A increases with increasing temperature up to 2070K. The fracture mode is transgranular at all temperatures studied. At the grain boundaries observed, a non-crystalline phase of 2-5nm in thickness is always found. This phase is thought to be either a compound of B and C or an extended grain boundary.<br>(2) The strength of material B increases up to 1770K, but above that temperature it decreases rapidly. The fracture mode also changes at that temperature from transgranular to intergranular. There exists also a 2-5nm thick non-crystalline phase at grain boundaries. The boundary phase is thought to be a compound in the system B-C-AlN. Above 1770K this phase is considered to flow viscously under stress to bring about boundary sliding which causes the strength to decrease.<br>(3) The strength of material C is almost independent of temperature. There exists again a 3-5nm thick non-crystalline phase at grain boundaries, but the boundary phase is thought to be an extended grain boundary.<br>(4) The dihedral angles observed in material C are frequently much larger than the critical angle of 60°. This observation is against the Prochazka's thermodynamic limitation, γ_gb/γ_sv<√3. The large dihedral angles may come from the existence of a grain boundary phase, which lowers the boundary energy.<br>(5) Densification of materials A and B is thought to proceed by the diffusion through the grain boundary phases.

著者

福原 実 藤原 峰一 山口 一格 土井 章

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

日本セラミックス協会学術論文誌 : Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai gakujutsu ronbunshi (ISSN:18821022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.1131, pp.1420-1423, 1989-11-01

被引用文献数

4 4

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The formation of Hidasuki, a characteristic red-colored pattern on the surface of Bizen-yaki, was investigated from the viemponats of its mineral composition and coloration. Hematite, corundum and quartz were found in Hidasuki. Corundum was formed regardless of the cooling rate after heat treatment of a mixture of Bizen-clay and 8 to 10 wt% potassium chloride at 1300℃ for 3 h. Hematite was not formed when the mixture was quenched. However, the amount of hexagonal plate like hematite in the heated mixture increased with the lowering of the cooling rate, and the color of the heated mixture became more reddish with the increase of the amount of hematite. The same phase composition, coloration and morphology as those of Hidasuki were obtained when a mixture of Bizen-clay and 8 to 10 wt% potassium chloride was heated at 1300℃ for 3 h followed by cooling at the rate of 0.2 to 0.5℃/min in air.

著者

郡司 天博 谷口 佳範 阿部 芳首

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

日本セラミックス協会学術論文誌 : Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai gakujutsu ronbunshi (ISSN:18821022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.1330, pp.492-496, 2006-06-01

被引用文献数

5

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Cyclic and bicyclic oligosiloxazanes were synthesized by the reaction of 1,3-diamino-1,3-di-t-butoxy-1,3-dimethyldisiloxane with 1,1,3,3-tetraisocyanato-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-disiloxane (M-TIDS) in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios, respectively. Based on these results, polysiloxazane M-PSZ was prepared by the ammonolysis of M-TIDS in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 213K. The structure and stability against the gelation of M-PSZ were found to be dependent on the temperature and polarity of the solvents. The molecular weight of M-PSZ was increased by aging a THF solution of M-PSZ at room temperature. A maximum weight average molecular weight of 70000 was observed for M-PSZ, for which a dilute solution was stable over 6 months. Silicon oxynitride was prepared by the pyrolysis of M-PSZ under an ammonia atmosphere. The ceramization process was monitored by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, which showed the replacement of a methyl group with an amino group following a condensation reaction to provide silicon oxynitride at 1173K.

著者

余語 利信 松雄 茂 中 重治

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

窯業協會誌 (ISSN:18842127)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.1097, pp.94-98, 1987-01-01

被引用文献数

8

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Highly pure boron nitride of low crystallinity could be synthesized from triammoniadecaborane and ammonia below 800°C under atmospheric pressure. Triammoniadecaborane reacted with ammonia at temperatures between 300° and 450°C, and formed an amorphous solid containing BN, NH and BH bonds. According to the data of IR spectrum, the BH absorption band at 2500cm^-1 decreased in intensity with increasing temperature, and disappeared at 800°C. The 800cm^-1 band assigned to the BNB bonding increased in intensity from 700° to 800°C. The degree of alignment of the B₃N₃ hexagonal layer increased as the reaction time increased from 2h to 10h at 800°C. The X-ray diffraction profiles of the product formed at 800°C for 10h showed the broad diffractions centered at 2θ=25.5° and 42.0° (Cu Kα). The crystallization of boron nitride synthesized at 800°C for 10h proceeded above 1180°C. The 100 reflection of hexagonal boron nitride was separated from the broad 10 diffraction of the specimen heated at 1550°C for 2h. The lattice constant (c⁰) and size of crystallite (L^c) of the specimen were 6.735 and 220Å, respectively, after heating at 1550°C under atmospheric pressure for 2h. The size of crystallite increased from 320 to 830Å as the temperature increased from 1100°C to 1500°C under 2.0GPa for 10min heating. Boron nitride synthesized by heating at 800°C for 10h crystallized to hexagonal boron nitride when heated at 1500°C and 2.0GPa for 10min.

著者

申 宇爽 松宮 正彦 邱 法斌 伊豆 典哉 村山 宣光

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

日本セラミックス協会学術論文誌 : Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai gakujutsu ronbunshi (ISSN:18821022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.1287, pp.995-998, 2002-11-01

被引用文献数

3 15

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A novel thermoelectric gas sensor of Li- and Na-doped NiO thick film coated with Pt as catalyst on half of its surface, was fabricated for hydrogen gas detection. When this sensor is exposed to air mixed with hydrogen gas, the catalytic reaction heats up the Pt-coated surface, and thermoelectric voltage appears across the hot and cold regions of the oxide film. The thick oxide film was printed on the alumina substrate with a viscous paste, a mixture of the nickel oxide powders doped with alkali ions and organic vehicle. The printed film was fired at 1000℃ for 2h and then the Pt thin film was deposited at room temperature by the rf sputtering method. The non-contact in situ temperature monitor used in this study enables the measurement of voltage signal and the temperature difference separately. The calculated thermopower of the thick oxide film is also discussed.

著者

池田 豊

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

窯業協會誌 (ISSN:00090255)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.818, pp.C51-C59, 1964

著者

大道 信勝 神岡 邦和 植田 邦義 松井 光二 大貝 理治

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

日本セラミックス協会学術論文誌 : Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai gakujutsu ronbunshi (ISSN:18821022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.107, no.1242, pp.128-133, 1999-02-01

被引用文献数

7 35

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The tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation of Y_2O_3-doped tetragonal ZrO_2 polycrystals(Y-TZP)was investigated by annealing at 140°C in hot water. Sintered bodies of Y-TZP were prepared by sintering at temperatures ranging between 1300 and 1500°C, using a 3mol% Y-TZP fine powder, synthesized by means of the hydrolysis method, as a starting powder. X-ray diffraction measurements on the sample surfaces and Rietveld analyses revealed that the amount of cubic phase increased and the Y_2O_3 concentration within the tetragonal phase decreased as the sintering temperature increased. Scanning electron microscopy measurements also showed that the grain size on the sample surfaces increased as the sintering temperature increased. When the sintered bodies were subjected to annealing in hot water, the phase-transformation rate on their surfaces increased as the sintering temperature increased. This behavior can be explained by both the decrease in the Y_2O_3 concentration within the tetragonal phase and the increase in the grain size.

著者

村瀬 嘉夫 加藤 悦朗

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

窯業協會誌 (ISSN:18842127)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.993, pp.225-229, 1978-05-01

被引用文献数

1 6

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Zr(OH)₄について沈殿の生成条件, 乾燥条件, 試料の形状及び熱処理ふん囲気などが熱分解により生成するZrO₂の結晶構造に与える影響を検討し, 水蒸気の作用について新しい知見を得た. Zr(OH)₄沈殿の生成条件は結果にほとんど影響を与えない. 沈殿の乾燥に長時間を要すると乾燥完了までの沈殿の老化 (γ化) のために熱分解後のZrO₂に単斜結晶の量が増大する. 塊状試料の熱分解や昇温速度の小さい熱分解では沈殿の老化 (γ化) や自ら発生する水蒸気の影響をうけやすく単斜ZrO₂の結晶量が増大する. Zr(OH)₄を水蒸気中で熱処理すると単斜ZrO₂が結晶化し, 水蒸気の少ない減圧下では正方ZrO₂のみが結晶化する. この水蒸気の影響は無定形ZrO₂の生成過程よりそれからの結晶化過程において顕著である. この結果から水蒸気中では正方と単斜ZrO₂の表面エネルギーの差が小さくなると考えられる.

著者

Mackenzie John D.

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

日本セラミックス協会学術論文誌 : Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai gakujutsu ronbunshi (ISSN:18821022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.1169, pp.1-10, 1993-01-01

被引用文献数

3 18

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In the past decade, sol-gel processing has been actively employed for the preparation of new ceramics and for the fabrication of ceramics into many complex geometries. Sol-gel processig is particularly suitable for optical materials. The application of sol-gel technology to the synthesis and fabrication of optical materials is termed "Sol gel optics." A review is presented on the basic principles of the sol-gel process and examples are given for some important materials in sol-gel optics. These include many configurations of silica glass, organic-impregnated glasses, organically modified ceramics (ORMOCERS), ferroelectric thin films, amorphous ferroelectrics, nonlinear optical nanocomposites and gradient index lenses. Some future developments in sol-gel optics are discussed.

著者

一ノ瀬 弘道 寺崎 信 勝木 宏昭

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

日本セラミックス協会学術論文誌 : Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai gakujutsu ronbunshi (ISSN:18821022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.1212, pp.715-718, 1996-08-01

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

13 83

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A Peroxo titanic acid (PTA) solution has been prepared by mixing titanic acid wet gel and hydrogen peroxide solution. The PTA solution was a neutral, transparent, stable liquid. The PTA crystallized to form an Anatase phase after calcination at a temperature above 250℃ . When the PTA solution was autoclaved at a temperature above 100℃ for 6h, it changed to a sol containing anatase crystals less than 20 nm in diameter. Aggregation occurred after autoclaving at a temperature above 120℃ . When the PTA solution was heated to 100℃ , it was translucent and stable in spite of containing ultrafine allatase crystals (9 nm in diameter) . It was deduced that the surfaces of anatase crystals are modified by the peroxo groups.

著者

須田 明彦 神取 利男 右京 良雄 曽布川 英夫 杉浦 正洽

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

日本セラミックス協会学術論文誌 : Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai gakujutsu ronbunshi (ISSN:18821022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.1257, pp.473-477, 2000-05-01

被引用文献数

9 19

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The surprisingly low temperature (〜323 K) synthesis of the ceria-zirconia solid solution upon milling ceria powder with zirconia mill and zirconia balls (in ethanol and/or water) was studied. Solid solutions up to 60 mol%ZrO_2 were obtained, whose formation was proved to result from solid phase reaction between ceria and zirconia powders, enhanced by contact stress (either shear or compressive one). Furthermore, the occurrence of large plastic deformation, breaking and mutual combining was found on the ceria powder before and after solid solution. The grain size of ceria-zirconia solid solution was &lnE;20 nm, which would cause on easy rearrangement of low diffusion atoms of cerium and zirconium to form the solid solution at such a low temperature. In addition, the possible existence of a solid solution for which the migration of the constituents is much faster (or the stability of the solid at the composition is much higher) than that of other composition, was suggested around 50 mol%CeO_2-50 mol%ZrO_2.

著者

佐々木 茂弌

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

窯業協會誌 (ISSN:18842127)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.780, pp.283-294, 1960-12-01

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For the purpose of investigating the effective way of preventing the thermal fracture of various bricks for bottom casting pit in teeming of molten steel, the equation of thermal shock resistance has been deduced from thermal stress equation, and the physical-mechanlcal properties of various bricks have been determined by testing. On the basis of the results obtained, considerations have been made concerning the effect of these properties and the size of each brick on thermal shock resistance.<br>Important results obtained are summarized as follows:<br>i) In the thermal stress equation σ=<i>E</i>α/(1-μ)⋅(θ₀-Θ)⋅<i>f</i>, thermal shock resistance (R) are expressed in σ_max/σ′, putting σ′ as max. thermal stress in tension, <i>f</i>′ as factor <i>f</i> corresponding to σ′, σ_max as max. tensile strength of a brick.<br>ii) Heat-transfer coefficient from molten steel flowing at temperature θ₀ to the surface of the brick at temperature Θ being in contact with molten steel flow is very large, and therefore, thermal shock resistance is expressed by the following two equations.<br>In the earliest stage, when heat does'nt begin to flow within a brick:<br><i>R</i>₂′=σ_max/<i>E</i>⋅(1-μ)/α⋅1/(θ₀-Θ)<br>In the next stage, when heat flows within a brick:<br><i>R</i>₁′=σ_max/<i>E</i>⋅(1-μ)/α⋅1/(θ₀-Θ)⋅(<i>kt</i>^1/2/γ)^<i>a</i><br>or <i>R</i>₁′=σ_max/<i>E</i>⋅(1-μ)/α⋅1/(θ₀-Θ)⋅(<i>K</i>/<i>γh</i>)^<i>a</i>′<br>iii) The relation between the mechanical properties and porosity may be expressed by a hyperbolic curve.<br>iv) The ratio of bending strength to Young's modulus, an effective factor for increasing thermal shock resistance, is larger in pyrophillite-clay brick than that in grog-clay brick. This ratio shows a trend to decrease with increasing porosity. It is presumed from the data in technical literatures that this ratio is approximately constant at high temperature below the critical temperature of pyroplastic property.<br>v) Based on the equation of thermal shock resistance determined in the case of runner brick, it is estimated that bending strength/Young's modulus ratio, linear thermal-expansion coefficient (α), poisson's ratio (μ) and temperature difference (θ₀-Θ) have an influence of first power. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity (<i>K</i>), specific heat (<i>C</i>_ρ), density (ρ) and wall thickness (γ) have an infiuence of 0.040 and 0.081 powers, respectively, on thermal shock resistance. In addition, considerations have been made concerning the degree of the effect of porosity, which is in functional relation to mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, on the thermal shock resistance.<br>vi) It is presumed that there is a limit in the improvement of thermal shock resistance by changing the properties of a fire clay brick and that most important factor for the prevention of thermal fracture is the moderate pyroplastic property.

著者

納富 重雄

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

大日本窯業協会雑誌 (ISSN:18842119)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.358, pp.266-269, 1922-06-20

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著者は地質調査所より相馬燒(相馬大堀燒)原料調査の為め福島縣雙葉郡大堀, 苅野, 長堀, 新山, 大野, 浪江の各町村を踏査せり, 含陶土層は片麻岩と第三紀層との境界面に沿ひて狭長な区域を領し, 片麻岩及び花崗質砂岩の風化〓爛沈積するものとし, 花崗質砂及び陶土より成り稍多量の亞炭片を含有す, 生成時代は第三紀の末葉なるべく, 當業者は花崗質砂をドウザリ, 陶土をネバツチ又は単にネバと称す, 現在は樅木曽根より採掘せるも其埋蔵量大ならず, 将来は前田川, 野上川間に豊富に埋蔵さるゝ陶土を採掘するに至るべしと結論せり

著者

久保 靖

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

窯業協會誌 (ISSN:18842127)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.808, 1963-04-01

著者

佐藤 和好 佐藤 匠海 武蔵 徳明 田中 諭 内田 希 植松 敬三

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

日本セラミックス協会学術論文誌 : Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai gakujutsu ronbunshi (ISSN:18821022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.1276, pp.1055-1056, 2001-12-01

被引用文献数

1

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A confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) was applied to identify the location of fracture origin in alumina ceramics. Alumina-referceram was ground to obtain JIS R-1601 specimens using a grinding machine. They were fractured in four point bending to measure strength. CSLM and scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of fracture surface were compared. With a CSLM, the location of fracture origin could be easily determined, while it was very difficult with a SEM. Fracture toughness K_<IC>=2.3MPa ・ m^<1/2> ealculated from the measured size of fracture origin and the flexural strength

著者

柿谷 悟 藤坂 正良

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

窯業協會誌 (ISSN:18842127)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.750, pp.133-139, 1958-06-01

被引用文献数

3

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In order to build up a background to the relative difficulty for burning the different raw materials in cement production the solid phase reactions between SiO₂ and either CaCO₃ or BaCO₃ at the temperatures ranging 500°-800°C were studied by measuring the amount of CO₂ liberated during the reaction. Then, applying the figures so obtained into the Jander's equation for solid phase reaction the authors have tried to work out the rate constants as well as the activation energies. However, it was found out that there were many examples which failed to fit in the equation, probably, due to the additional CO₂ liberated by simple thermal dissociation of the carbonates.<br>On the other hand, W. E. S. Turner et al. have suggested the acceleration of thermal dissociation of CaCO₃ when it was mixed with the powder of silica or of pure gold. The same trend was confirmed to exist also in the case of BaCO₃.<br>Furthermore, the investigation of X-ray diffraction pattern has revealed that the reaction products of CaCO₃ and SiO₂ obtained by heating at 700°C in air for 242 hours was not wollastonite (βCaO⋅SiO₂) but larnite (β2CaO⋅SiO₂).

著者

藤井 欽二郎

出版者

公益社団法人日本セラミックス協会

雑誌

窯業協會誌 (ISSN:18842127)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.841, 1965-09-01