著者

楊 清閔 董 雅鳳 李 展栄 宮澤 晴彦 廣吉 勝治

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, pp.41-51, 2009-03-31

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In this paper we describe a brief survey on the aquaculture of Japanese-kelp (Konbu) in China and that Market in Taiwan. Taiwan is a remarkable Konbu market in world trade. Chinese cultured-Konbu drived from Japanese natural-Konbu (from Hokkaido Pref.) in Taiwan market. The main reasons for this are the following: (1) Upgrade of quality and mass-production by technical improvement. (2) Securing of domination in price competition. (3) Promotion of trade between China and Taiwann. We shall show the course of development and change of cultured-Konbu production in China; besides the contents of domestic Konbu market in Taiwan, in this paper.

著者

脇谷 祐子 坂爪 浩史

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.21-28, 2011-03-31

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This paper's aim is to clarify the subsistence structure of processed and frozen food venders for school meals. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Processed and frozen foods are used for school meals all year round including the period when local products are in season. 2) The venders sell processed and frozen foods not only to school but also to restaurants and retailers. The prices at which venders sell school meals is decided by tender, and the terms of validity vary from one month to one year. The procurement price from factories fluctuates in line with raw product yields and the exchange rate, and venders take on the risks of such price fluctuation. The approximate volume of orders from schools is decided at the time of tender and the volume is fixed one week before delivery. The factories, however, need to put raw materials into production before they can receive a definite order, so the venders must order an estimated volume from factories. Thus the processed and frozen food venders subsist by taking on the risks of price and volume fluctuations between the school meals and factories.

著者

王 鄢

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学大学院農学研究院邦文紀要 (ISSN:18818064)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.1-54, 2022-03-30

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In rural areas of China, with the aging of the population and the increasing number of nuclear families, it has become difficult for families to support the elderly, and home-based care services are becoming attractive.This paper aims to illustrate the significance and problems of families' support and home-based care services by analyzing living conditions of the elderly and their various care service needs. A survey was conducted in rural areas in Sunan, China, where home-based care services have already spread and lineal families usually have 3 generations. The survey is suitable for this study. This paper is composed of four chapters. Chapter 1 clarifies the current state of welfare policies for the elderly in rural areas, while Chapter 2 clarifies the different figures of elderly care services for the elderly at various ages. Chapter 3 evaluates the attributes and independence of the elderly, and Chapter 4 evaluates home-based care services. In the final chapter, a comprehensive consideration is given. The lives of the elderly vary greatly depending on their stages of independence. They support their children in the early stages of old age and receive mainly living and mental support in the middle stages. Since long-term care is required in the latter stages of old age, the burden on the family is heavy. However, due to changes in Chinese families, the function of conventional elderly care is weakening. Social support is now needed, especially when the period of full-term care is prolonged in the latter half of old age. In rural Sunan, this is referred to as“home-based care service.”This care focuses on housework and life assistance, and is suitable for elderly who need support in the middle stages of old age, but there is no health care service for healthy elderly in the early stages and no long-term care service for the elderly in the latter stages. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the institutional aspects, such as legislation, fund procurement, and securing of training for long-term care personnel to solve those problems.

著者

小山田 晋

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.1-10, 2023-03-31

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This paper proposes a concept termed“ethical economic activity,”which means economic activities that aim to contribute to society or environmental conservation through corporate management or consumption, and examines what kind of approach can promote social consensus about the morality of ethical economic activity. The market failures approach by Heath is introduced to consider how economic activities come to have morality. Based on this approach, profit maximization strategies that utilize market imperfections are judged to lack morality. Then, Senʼs“realization-focused comparison”approach, which aims to correct injustice, and“public deliberation,”which promotes realization-focused comparison, are introduced and public deliberation is shown to be necessary to evaluate economic externalities. Then the role of corporations as an intermediary of public deliberation is shown through the discussion by Herrmann-Pillath and Boldyrev. Finally, to make a baseline for implementing realization-focused comparison, this paper proposes an evaluative framework for ethical economic activities by corporations.

著者

竹田 駆 東山 寛

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, pp.21-30, 2022-03-31

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Non-family-type farm succession has been attracting attention in recent years as an effective way to compensate for the shortage of bearers for agriculture and to maintain local resources, such as farmland, by transferring the resourses to unrelated persons, even if there is no successor in the family. Non-family-type farm succession has two aspects-new entrants and management succession-and many problems remain to be solved in the implementation. This paper focuses on the case of Daichi Ltd, a subsidiary of JA in Tsubetsu, Hokkaido, in order to clarify the role of related organizations in facilitating non-family-type farm succession. It is clear that Daichi has contributed to the establishment of a support system for non-family type farm succession in the region and has become the core of the system, playing a role in building and maintaining trust between transferors and successors, and thereby addressing issues and contributing to the facilitation of management succession.

著者

コールマン ジェームズ・S 川辺 亮

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学大学院農学研究院邦文紀要 (ISSN:18818064)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.28-41, 2020-03-31

著者

李 雪蓮 朴 紅 坂下 明彦

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.55-66, 2018-03-31

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To solve the problem of a labor shortage in 3D industries (dirty, dangerous and demeaning industries) in a growing economy, the South Korean government began to develop its employment permit system for hiring foreign workers in the 1990s, followed by a series of labor policies in various areas, such as industrial technology training, employment management, and visiting employment. In this research, we focus on Chinese ethnic-Korean migrant workers, the largest group among foreign workers in Korea, study the background and current situation of related labor policies, and analyze the factors that influenced policy changes. By comparing the old- and new-generation migrant workers, it is understood that the deregulation has gradually stabilized in terms of employment, policies, welfare, etc. With the introduction of the visiting employment policy, illegal stays stemming from old policies, such as those for the purpose of visiting relatives or participating in industrial training programs, are legalized and regulated, and illegal ethnic-Korean migrant workers are recognized as“ compatriots.” Since foreign workers are essential for Korea’s labor market, providing access for trainees to change their employment status and join the legal labor force has helped to guarantee the labor supplement on one hand and reduce the number of illegal stays on the other. As a result, nearly 30% of Chinese ethnic-Koreans chose to stay in South Korea, accounting for 2.4% of Korea’s economically active population.

著者

山本 康貴 増田 清敬 稲永 直人

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, pp.19-24, 2008-06-10

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This study analyzed the emission trends of greenhouse gases and the measures against global warming in the New Zealand (NZ) agriculture sector. The NZ agriculture sector has the largest impact for greenhouse gas emission in NZ. Especially, methane emissions from enteric fermentation of sheep, dairy cattle, and non-dairy cattle are significant sources. In accordance with the Kyoto Protocol, NZ’s target is to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to the level they were in 1990.Measures against global warming in the NZ agriculture sector include reduction in breeding numbers (short-term) and the cutting of greenhouse gas emission factors for livestock through research and development (long-term). However, it is believed that the short-term reduction measure will have a large impact on farmers, such as agricultural income reduction, and the long-term reduction measure will take considerable time to reduce the effects of greenhouse gases.

著者

林 芙俊

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, pp.73-86, 2009-03-31

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The cooperative shipping system receives regulations from the historical development process. This becomes important for understanding the form and the function of the cooperative shipping system. In this study, the distinctiveness of the cooperative shipping system of Satsuma Mandarin in Ehime is analyzed by a comparison with Shizuoka. Characteristics of Cooperative shipping systems in both prefectures that succeeded prewar days are the following three points. The first point, whether it is a single-purpose cooperative or a multi-purpose cooperative depends on the development at prewar days. The second point, the base of shipping system is farmer's small-scale co-fruit sorting group. The third point, technical guidance to those farmers has been enhanced since prewar days.

著者

朴 紅

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.81-91, 2011-03-31

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As paddy fields were developed rapidly at the end of the Twentieth Century, Northeast China, especially Heilongjiang Province, became the main production area of japonica rice. The paddy fields, which were mainly developed by State Farms, have formed a productive base centering on the Sanjiang Plain. Beidahuang Group, which has become a huge group corporation now, provides a tremendous amount of japonica rice. It was set up on the basis of Heilongjiang Agriculture Company Limited (HACL), which is an aggregate of 16 excellent farms gathered by Heilongjiang Bureau of State Farms for japonica rice production, processing and marketing in 2002. Beidahuang Group has established a japonica rice production and processing system with the 16 farms as its foundation. Part of the rice produced by the company is sold to major cities in China by the Department of Domestic Trade, which has led to the formation of a large sales network. Another part is exported to foreign countries, including Japan, via China Oil and Foodstuffs Corporation (COFCO). Regarding the sale of paddies, it is conducted through the companyユs Department of Cereal Trade. A certain portion is purchased by the government for state reserves and the rest is sold to wholesalers as self-run provisions.Beidahuang Group possesses an enormous amount of cultivated land for japonica rice. Despite several difficulties in sales, it is undeniable that the company has already occupied an important place in the domestic market for japonica rice.

著者

合崎 英男

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, pp.59-71, 2017-03-31

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The application of Case 1 Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) to empirical studies consists of the following steps: (1) establishing the objective of applying BWS, (2) writing a scenario where respondents evaluate items, (3) creating choice sets, (4) preparing a questionnaire survey, (5) implementing the survey, (6) preparing the data set for analysis of the responses, and (7) measuring the relative importance of items. This paper provides Japanese R beginners with an explanation of how the support. BWS and other packages in R are used for implementing this series of steps via an illustration of consumers' valuation of fruits.

著者

山田 浩之

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学大学院農学研究院邦文紀要 (ISSN:18818064)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.79-85, 2010-02-26

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In 2004, a restoration project was conducted in the Sakusyukotoni River, a tributary of the Shin River, at Hokkaido University. The water environment and fish assemblage were investigated after the project in 2007. Water quality was good, meeting environmental quality standards, but the assemblages were poor. Only four species were present -ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), stone loach (Noemacheilus barbatulus toni), shima-ukigori (Gymnogobius opperiens) and dojo loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)- in spite of higher diversity in the main stem, Shin River. In the near future, it might be necessary to manage or restore habitats for lotic biota.

著者

朴 紅 青柳 斉 李 英花 郭 翔宇 張 錦女

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, pp.101-115, 2010-03-31

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North East China has attracted attention as it has become one of the few leading production areas of japonica rice. However, because of the expansion of rice production and the inadequate commodity flow system, there has been severe over-production since the production peak of 2003. It resulted in fierce competition among production areas there. Since then, there has been focus on product branding with variety, growing techniques, and marketing improvement etc. This study focuses on understanding the reasons behind the formation of the high-class brand rice production area in Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province, which is famous for rice production in the past. In terms of marketing, independent rice polishing enterprises differentiated from the Food Bureau. Recently the farmers specialized cooperative has taken up the main responsibility of product branding. The foundation of the production area has two characteristics. The first one is that since many Korean farmers in this area go to their home country (Korea) to work, more and more of their land is lent to other farmers, resulting in a formation of large scale farming. The second one is that the quality of rice has spread with an improvement in variety and an improvement of organic rice production.

著者

李 雪蓮 朴 紅 坂下 明彦

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.55-66, 2018-03-31

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To solve the problem of a labor shortage in 3D industries (dirty, dangerous and demeaning industries) in a growing economy, the South Korean government began to develop its employment permit system for hiring foreign workers in the 1990s, followed by a series of labor policies in various areas, such as industrial technology training, employment management, and visiting employment. In this research, we focus on Chinese ethnic-Korean migrant workers, the largest group among foreign workers in Korea, study the background and current situation of related labor policies, and analyze the factors that influenced policy changes. By comparing the old- and new-generation migrant workers, it is understood that the deregulation has gradually stabilized in terms of employment, policies, welfare, etc. With the introduction of the visiting employment policy, illegal stays stemming from old policies, such as those for the purpose of visiting relatives or participating in industrial training programs, are legalized and regulated, and illegal ethnic-Korean migrant workers are recognized as" compatriots." Since foreign workers are essential for Korea's labor market, providing access for trainees to change their employment status and join the legal labor force has helped to guarantee the labor supplement on one hand and reduce the number of illegal stays on the other. As a result, nearly 30% of Chinese ethnic-Koreans chose to stay in South Korea, accounting for 2.4% of Korea's economically active population.

著者

趙 麗明

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学大学院農学研究院邦文紀要 (ISSN:18818064)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.45-78, 2013

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以上の各章では本研究の中心課題である中国地方都市における農産物卸売市場を中心とする野菜流通構造の形成過程の解明に向けて,以下の内容を確認,解明した。II. 「中国における野菜生産流通の地域的特徴と分析事例」では中国における野菜生産流通の特徴を整理し,分析事例であるフフホト市の位置づけを確認した。内陸部の野菜生産量は全国の29%と少なく,年間野菜消費量の35%を沿海部から調達している。分析事例であるフフホト市の年間野菜消費量に占める域内野菜の割合は20%であり,内陸部の中でも野菜生産停滞が深刻で,域外野菜への依存度が比較的高い地域である。III. 「フフホト市の野菜流通における農産物卸売市場の役割拡大」では分析事例地域であるフフホト市都市部における野菜流通量の75%を占めるトンガヨ卸売市場の特徴を解明した。すなわち,トンガヨ卸売市場は従来の地場流通市場から広域流通市場に性格変化した。他方,トンガヨ卸売市場は需要量が多く,売り手を見つけやすいという理由からフフホト市における野菜生産農家の主な出荷先農産物卸売市場となっている。IV. 「野菜流通の大量化,全国的広域化に伴う農産物卸売市場の性格変化」ではトンガヨ卸売市場経営者の市場行動分析を通じて,トンガヨ卸売市場における域外野菜売場面積の安定的確保(拡大)・域内野菜売場面積縮小の実態を解明した。トンガヨ卸売市場経営者は野菜取引量の最大化を目的として,大規模な卸売専業業者の営業が展開しやすいように,野菜売場整備を行った。その結果,大規模な卸売専業業者を通じて搬入される域外野菜の売場が安定的に確保され,販売農家と小規模な卸売専業業者を通じて搬入される域内野菜の売場が縮小した。V. 「卸売専業業者による野菜卸売市場流通の大量化,全国的広域化の展開」ではトンガヨ卸売市場における野菜卸売専業業者の商品調達行動分析を通じて,卸売専業業者の商品調達先が従来の域内産地から沿海部を中心とする域外産地や産地卸売市場,或いは全国から出荷品が集まる大都市の集散地卸売市場に切り替わったことを解明した。すなわち,域内産地の生産量が少なく,規模拡大した卸売専業業者の仕入需要を満たさなくなったため,卸売専業業者は生産力の高い沿海部の野菜産地や産地卸売市場,或いは全国から出荷品が集まる大都市の集散地卸売市場からの調達に切り替えた。VI. 「大規模小売業者による域外野菜の需要,割合拡大」ではフフホト市における野菜小売業者の商品調達行動分析を通じて,域内野菜と域外野菜の需要動向の実態を解明した。つまり,域内野菜は単価が安く,鮮度もよいという理由から小規模小売業者が優先的に調達している。これに対し,域外野菜は単価が高いものの,大きさや形など規格化がよく,大規模小売業者の仕入需要を最も満たしている。このため,大規模小売店舗の増加につれて,野菜小売流通に占める域外野菜の割合が拡大している。

著者

朴 紅 青柳 斉 伊藤 亮司 張 錦女 坂下 明彦

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.61-69, 2011-03-03

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This is the second of the essays that study the development of organic rice production areas based on the case of Heilongjiang Wuchang City, which is famous for being the breadbasket of quality rice. In this study, Minle Township, which is the core area of organic rice production in Wuchang City, is chosen for the research. This essay also summarizes the process Minle County underwent to become an organic rice growing area. Furthermore, three production and sales organizations are given as examples, and their organic rice management characteristics are analyzed. The first case is the Fengsu Cooperative, which is an extensive and specialized farmersユ cooperative established in 2006 with 450 household members and a 2,000-hectare production base. The next case is the Farming Science and Technology Association, which is an organization centered on skilled peasant households, established in 2002. This association is transregional and has 100 household members and a 300-hectare production base. The third case is the Meiyu Cooperative, established by villager groups in 2008. With 100 household members and a 200-hectare production base, the Meiyu Cooperative is an organization based on and controlled by an enterprise providing a residence community for their members. In addition, although several peasant households receive orders directly from the enterprise,spontaneously-organized peasant cooperatives are more common, against the backdrop that organic longgrain rice now sells at high prices. All these factors demonstrate the characteristics of Minle County as a production area of premium rice.

著者

ガンバット ウスフバヤル 坂爪 浩史

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.105-112, 2012-03-31

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In this paper, we analyzed the development of feed production and the distribution system using Company A, the largest feed production company in Mongolia, as a case study, and clarified the following points. First, an increase in the livestock population due to intensive animal husbandry has led to the enlargement of the demand for animal feed in recent years. Next, although Company A has been trying to produce feed that is appropriate for certain breeds and growth stages, as it was originally founded as a flour miller, it has not been able to produce feed that is appropriate for all types of livestock. However, it is clear that livestock farms cannot depend on imported animal feed, either.