著者

坂下 明彦 朴 紅 申 錬鐵 禹 暎均

出版者

北海道大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.49-60, 2011-03-31

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Pulmoo School is a Christian-based school that follows the Danish folk high school model. It is located in Hong Dong-Myeon, Hong Sung-Gun, Chung Cheong Nam-Do, Korea and aims to educate rural children.Pulmoo School was established in 1958 and regarded the surrounding areas as one community. Ever since that time, the school has been making efforts to build a community-based society through cooperatives. During its early years, the school set up a purchasing cooperative and a credit cooperative in this community.The former became Pulmoo Consumer Cooperative in 1980 and the latter became Pulmoo Credit Cooperative in 1972, with both of them eventually becoming regional cooperatives. In the 1980s, agricultural products were directly sold to the capital area through Pulmoo Consumer Living Cooperative on the back of the Japanese organic agriculture movement. In addition, rice-duck farming was introduced to produce organic rice in 1994. In the following few years, amid policy developments concerning organic agriculture, the scope of organic agriculture branched into vegetables and animal products, and even into the processing industry.This was a result of great organizational changes that had been taking place in the community: Pulmoo Consumer Living Cooperative changed into Agricultural Cooperative, while the Hong Dong-Myeon Agricultural Cooperative developed into a union. Furthermore, the Pulmoo Credit Cooperative started selling production equipment to peasant households. In addition, a peasant association aimed at promoting the direct marketing of agricultural products was set up. As a result, Hong Sung-Gun including Hong Dong-Myeon has been regarded as the Mecca of organic agriculture in Korea.

著者

金 玉善 山本 美穂 朴 紅

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究科

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, pp.39-51, 2006-03-24

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Chinese national forestry stations have been engaged in various and unique community services in each to their jurisdiction. But since the latter half of the 1980's, forest management has faced serious problems, such as depletion of forest resources due to destruction of virgin forests over a long period and managerial difficulties in the midst of economic reform and liberalization. Under the natural forest protection policy in 1998, production of timber, which was a major product, was strictly regulated, and production of non - timber and forestry products were emphasized as the second and third forestry industries. In this paper the following facts have become clear ; 1) rationalization and reform for the forest community and administrative services are implemented at a fast pace and 2) various countermeasures are taken for diversified businesses through group operation, including a subcontract work system, organizing a business corporation, and a commissioned operation system. As for the administrative reform, abolishment or merger of divisions as well as establishment of new divisions are promoted. Now Chinese national forest community requires management abilities that have never been seen before.

著者

李 雪蓮 朴 紅 坂下 明彦

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.55-66, 2018-03-31

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To solve the problem of a labor shortage in 3D industries (dirty, dangerous and demeaning industries) in a growing economy, the South Korean government began to develop its employment permit system for hiring foreign workers in the 1990s, followed by a series of labor policies in various areas, such as industrial technology training, employment management, and visiting employment. In this research, we focus on Chinese ethnic-Korean migrant workers, the largest group among foreign workers in Korea, study the background and current situation of related labor policies, and analyze the factors that influenced policy changes. By comparing the old- and new-generation migrant workers, it is understood that the deregulation has gradually stabilized in terms of employment, policies, welfare, etc. With the introduction of the visiting employment policy, illegal stays stemming from old policies, such as those for the purpose of visiting relatives or participating in industrial training programs, are legalized and regulated, and illegal ethnic-Korean migrant workers are recognized as“ compatriots.” Since foreign workers are essential for Korea’s labor market, providing access for trainees to change their employment status and join the legal labor force has helped to guarantee the labor supplement on one hand and reduce the number of illegal stays on the other. As a result, nearly 30% of Chinese ethnic-Koreans chose to stay in South Korea, accounting for 2.4% of Korea’s economically active population.

著者

春山 成子 シャーモフ V. V. 川東 正幸 GANZEY Sergey ERMOSHIN Victor MISHINA Natalia 近藤 昭彦 増田 佳孝 LE Hailan 室岡 瑞恵 柿澤 宏昭 白岩 孝行 朴 紅 山根 正伸 立花 義弘 大島 和弘 小木 雅代 SHAMAKIN Andrey B. 氷見山 幸夫 YAN Baixing PAN Xiaofeng PAN Yuepeng 大西 健夫 楊 宗興 柴田 英昭 長尾 誠也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地理学会

雑誌

E-journal GEO

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.138-144, 2010

著者

朴 紅

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.81-91, 2011-03-31

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As paddy fields were developed rapidly at the end of the Twentieth Century, Northeast China, especially Heilongjiang Province, became the main production area of japonica rice. The paddy fields, which were mainly developed by State Farms, have formed a productive base centering on the Sanjiang Plain. Beidahuang Group, which has become a huge group corporation now, provides a tremendous amount of japonica rice. It was set up on the basis of Heilongjiang Agriculture Company Limited (HACL), which is an aggregate of 16 excellent farms gathered by Heilongjiang Bureau of State Farms for japonica rice production, processing and marketing in 2002. Beidahuang Group has established a japonica rice production and processing system with the 16 farms as its foundation. Part of the rice produced by the company is sold to major cities in China by the Department of Domestic Trade, which has led to the formation of a large sales network. Another part is exported to foreign countries, including Japan, via China Oil and Foodstuffs Corporation (COFCO). Regarding the sale of paddies, it is conducted through the companyユs Department of Cereal Trade. A certain portion is purchased by the government for state reserves and the rest is sold to wholesalers as self-run provisions.Beidahuang Group possesses an enormous amount of cultivated land for japonica rice. Despite several difficulties in sales, it is undeniable that the company has already occupied an important place in the domestic market for japonica rice.

著者

朴 紅 青柳 斉 李 英花 郭 翔宇 張 錦女

出版者

北海道大学農学部農業経済学教室

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, pp.101-115, 2010 (Released:2011-07-26)

著者

朴 紅

出版者

北海道大学農学部農業経済学教室

雑誌

農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.81-91, 2011

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黒竜江省は中国最大のジャポニカ米産地として知られている.水稲の作付面積は245万haであり,籾の総生産量は1,500万トンに上るが,そのうち,国有農場(農墾)のそれは103万ha (42%),840万トン(56%) であり,この地域の大きな特徴となっている(2008年現在).国有農場は,その組織改革のなかで稲作を戦略部門として位置づけ,三江平原を中心に水田開発を進めてきたが,生産に関しでは職工農家への請負制を行うとともに,それを産地として再統合し,巨大な加工・流通企業として頭角を現している.その一環として,農墾総局は傘下の優良農場を選別・統合して「北大荒農業㈱」グループを設立しているが,2001年には米穀の加工と販売のために「北大荒米業」を設立している.この企業は,グループ参加農場の産地化を図るとともに,籾保管・精米加工を行い,輪出を含む販売を行う巨大流通資本に成長し,中国における米のトップ企業に位置づけられている.以下では,米の生産・加工・販売という一連の流れのなかで,北大荒米業が果たしている機能について明らかにしていく.

著者

朴 紅 青柳 斉 李 英花 郭 翔宇 張 錦女

出版者

北海道大学農学部農業経済学教室

雑誌

農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, pp.101-115, 2010

被引用文献数

1

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中国東北地方は、近年アジアにおける有数のジャポニカ米の産地として急速な成長を示し、注目されてきた。しかし、米生産量の拡大は物流体制の未整備もあり、2003年を頂点に深刻な過剰をもたらした。その結果、東北地方内部においても激しい産地間競争が行われ、米のブランド化をめぐって品種改良や栽培技術の向上、マーケティングなどに力が入れられるようになっている。本論では、古くから良質米産地として著名である黒竜江省五常市を対象として、現段階における高級ブランド米産地の形成要因を明らかにする。まず、五常市の稲作生産と産地形成の特徴を述べた上で、第1には産地の新たな市場対応とブランド形成について分析を行う。産地の担い手が糧食局から分化・独立した精米加工企業から近年設立された農民専業合作社へと急速にシフトしていることが示される。第2には産地基盤としての農業構造の特徴を明らかにする。まず、朝鮮族の割合が高く、韓国などへの海外出稼ぎなどにより農地の賃貸借が増加し、大規模経営が形成されている点、つぎに、品種改良による優良品種の普及と臨時雇用型の有機栽培経営が行われている点が明らかにされる。

著者

朴 紅 青柳 斉 李 英花 郭 翔宇 張 錦女

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, pp.101-115, 2010-03-31

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North East China has attracted attention as it has become one of the few leading production areas of japonica rice. However, because of the expansion of rice production and the inadequate commodity flow system, there has been severe over-production since the production peak of 2003. It resulted in fierce competition among production areas there. Since then, there has been focus on product branding with variety, growing techniques, and marketing improvement etc. This study focuses on understanding the reasons behind the formation of the high-class brand rice production area in Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province, which is famous for rice production in the past. In terms of marketing, independent rice polishing enterprises differentiated from the Food Bureau. Recently the farmers specialized cooperative has taken up the main responsibility of product branding. The foundation of the production area has two characteristics. The first one is that since many Korean farmers in this area go to their home country (Korea) to work, more and more of their land is lent to other farmers, resulting in a formation of large scale farming. The second one is that the quality of rice has spread with an improvement in variety and an improvement of organic rice production.

著者

李 雪蓮 朴 紅 坂下 明彦

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.55-66, 2018-03-31

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To solve the problem of a labor shortage in 3D industries (dirty, dangerous and demeaning industries) in a growing economy, the South Korean government began to develop its employment permit system for hiring foreign workers in the 1990s, followed by a series of labor policies in various areas, such as industrial technology training, employment management, and visiting employment. In this research, we focus on Chinese ethnic-Korean migrant workers, the largest group among foreign workers in Korea, study the background and current situation of related labor policies, and analyze the factors that influenced policy changes. By comparing the old- and new-generation migrant workers, it is understood that the deregulation has gradually stabilized in terms of employment, policies, welfare, etc. With the introduction of the visiting employment policy, illegal stays stemming from old policies, such as those for the purpose of visiting relatives or participating in industrial training programs, are legalized and regulated, and illegal ethnic-Korean migrant workers are recognized as" compatriots." Since foreign workers are essential for Korea's labor market, providing access for trainees to change their employment status and join the legal labor force has helped to guarantee the labor supplement on one hand and reduce the number of illegal stays on the other. As a result, nearly 30% of Chinese ethnic-Koreans chose to stay in South Korea, accounting for 2.4% of Korea's economically active population.

著者

朴 紅 青柳 斉 伊藤 亮司 張 錦女 坂下 明彦

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

北海道大学農経論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.61-69, 2011-03-03

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This is the second of the essays that study the development of organic rice production areas based on the case of Heilongjiang Wuchang City, which is famous for being the breadbasket of quality rice. In this study, Minle Township, which is the core area of organic rice production in Wuchang City, is chosen for the research. This essay also summarizes the process Minle County underwent to become an organic rice growing area. Furthermore, three production and sales organizations are given as examples, and their organic rice management characteristics are analyzed. The first case is the Fengsu Cooperative, which is an extensive and specialized farmersユ cooperative established in 2006 with 450 household members and a 2,000-hectare production base. The next case is the Farming Science and Technology Association, which is an organization centered on skilled peasant households, established in 2002. This association is transregional and has 100 household members and a 300-hectare production base. The third case is the Meiyu Cooperative, established by villager groups in 2008. With 100 household members and a 200-hectare production base, the Meiyu Cooperative is an organization based on and controlled by an enterprise providing a residence community for their members. In addition, although several peasant households receive orders directly from the enterprise,spontaneously-organized peasant cooperatives are more common, against the backdrop that organic longgrain rice now sells at high prices. All these factors demonstrate the characteristics of Minle County as a production area of premium rice.

著者

糸山 健介 坂下 明彦 朴 紅 宋 春浩

出版者

北海道大学大学院農学研究科

雑誌

北海道大学農經論叢 (ISSN:03855961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, pp.85-98, 2002-03