文献一覧: 教育哲学会 (出版者)

Ito Jinsai's educational thought consisted mainly of the relationships among three conceptions; namely, human nature, the Way (of Man), and the teachings (of both Confucius and Mencius). These conceptions in turn were known to him through his inquiry into the essence of the thoughts of Confucius and of Mencius.For Jinsai the Way (of Man) should be found in daily human relations, and it was first generalized and presented to people as teachings by Confucius. However, as people were separated from Confucius's times, they interpreted the Way (of Man) arbitrarily; otherwise, they despaired of their ability to practice morality. To overcome these difficulties, Mencius contended that the Way (of Man) meant humanity and justice in human relations, and that man's inborn nature wa good.Thus Jinsai's educational thought was focused on a problem : how to urge people to participate in daily human relations. It would be said that his thought was one of the prominent achievements in educational thought which was constructed on the basis of Confucianism.

2021-01-30 22:23:00
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1 0 0 0 OA ハンブルク学校改革運動における「子どもから」の教育学民衆学校教師の存在基盤としての意味内容

著者: 小林万里子
出版者: 教育哲学会
雑誌: 教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.1999, no.79, pp.59-74, 1999-05-10 (Released:2009-09-04)
参考文献数: 41

Am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts, als in Hamburg ein staatliches Volksschulwesen eingerichtet wurde, hatten die Volksschullehrer über ihre Arbeit, also Erziehung und Schulverwaltung wenige Rechte zu sagen. Sie kritisierten die Verbürokratisierung der Schule. Um ihre Rechte von der Offentlichkeit anerkannt zu sehen, starteten sie nicht nur eine reformpädagogische Bewegung (Kunsterziehungsbewegung oder Arbeitsschulbewegung), sondern auch eine soziale Bewegung, oder nahmen daran teil. In der Bewegung entwarfen sie die 'neue Schule' als Alternative zur 'alten Schule'. Um diesen Entwurf zu realisieren, verlangten sie öffentlich eingerichtete Versuchsschulen.In der Versuchsschule Berliner Tor, die 1919 entstand, wurde eine Erziehung eingeführt, die auf dem Interesse und der Förderung des Kindes basiert, wobei diese von seiten der Lehrer angefaßt wurden. Die Lehrer der Berliner Tor Schule forderten nicht nur das Recht des Kindes, sondern auch immer dasjenige der Lehrer selbst.Daher stellte sich heraus, daß die Pädagogik 'vom Kinde aus' in der Hamburger Schulreformbewegung aufgrund der Forderung der Lehrer selbst nach Selbständigkeit entworfen wurde.

2021-01-30 22:23:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 想起としての探究と学習『メノン』における想起説の再検討

著者: 片山勝茂
出版者: 教育哲学会
雑誌: 教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.1999, no.79, pp.75-92, 1999-05-10 (Released:2010-05-07)
参考文献数: 82

The theory of recollection in the Meno (TRM) has been generally interpreted as the theory 'that learning is recollection of knowledge acquired before birth' (Bluck). Recently Moravcsik and other scholars have argued that only 'learning taking the form of inquiry is recollection'. However, knowing consists of two distinct parts : inquiring and finding out, teaching and learning. 'Plato identifies knowledge with recollection' (Irwin).According to Guthrie, in TRM a distinction is made 'for the first time between empirical and a priori knowledge'. Only the latter (e.g.geometry) is the object of recollection, and genuine knowledge. However, this established view does not correspond with the text (81c5-9, 85c6-7, 97a-c). 'Someone who knows the road to Larisa' (97a9) has empirical knowledge. This is not an analogy, but a concrete example of knowledge (pace Bluck). Recollection covers all knowledge including skills and virtues.At 97-98, Plato distinguishes for the first time between true belief and knowledge. Only the latter is tied down by the considerration of reason (αιτιαζ λογισμοζ), and this is called 'recollection'. This shows Plato's exellent insight. A lot of scholars are 'wrong to restrict aitias logismos, and recollection as a whole, to reasoning relying on logical necessity' (Irwin).Plato insists that (a) all the slave-boy's answers were his own belief, and that (b) these beliefs were originally inside him. The point (a) is just, but does not guarantee (b). The point (b) is a fallacy. This has been the problem with TRM.The insights in Plato's TRM can contribute to modern pedagogy which is urged to reexamine learning itself.