著者
高野 信夫
出版者
日本熱帯医学会
雑誌
熱帯 (ISSN:2186179X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.2, pp.69-71, 1972-02-10 (Released:2011-05-20)
著者
中村 正
出版者
日本熱帯医学会
雑誌
熱帯 (ISSN:2186179X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, no.1, pp.44-46, 1970-09-10 (Released:2011-05-20)
著者
James H. Diaz Chih-yang Hu
出版者
日本熱帯医学会
雑誌
Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.3, pp.79-95, 2009 (Released:2009-09-30)
参考文献数
72
被引用文献数
1 1

Seafood is an important source of dietary protein worldwide, especially for coastal and island dwellers who now comprise 70% of the world’s population. Besides being high in protein and providing 40% of the world’s protein intake, seafood is low in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids and contains unique long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Two seafood PUFAs, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce mortality from myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke. Although the United States (U.S.) scientific community has recommended a Mediterranean-type diet, based on beneficial PUFAs in seafood, the European scientific community has cautioned that the increasing methylmercury levels in seafood may counteract any cardioprotective effects of PUFAs and actually increase risks of MI. This review describes the health benefits of seafood consumption and makes recommendations for the safe selection and preparation of seafood. In addition, this review describes the burden of seafood-borne diseases, separates seafood-borne toxic, heavy metal, and pesticide poisonings from seafood-borne infectious diseases; and makes recommendations for the management and prevention of seafood-borne illnesses. With the exception of some of the toxic seafood-borne illnesses, most seafood-borne infectious diseases, heavy metal poisonings, and pesticide poisonings can be prevented by careful selection and preparation of fresh seafood and adherence to weekly seafood consumption advisories, especially for those at highest risk of methylmercury poisoning, such as women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or of child-bearing age, and children age seven and younger. A balanced diet combining protein from a variety of sources, including carefully selected and prepared seafood, along with natural antioxidants from fruits and vegetables is recommended to prevent seafood-borne diseases and to promote health and longevity.
著者
野島 尚武 片峰 大助 川島 健治郎 中島 康雄 今井 淳一 坂本 信 嶋田 雅暁 宮原 道明
出版者
日本熱帯医学会
雑誌
Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ISSN:03042146)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.3, pp.181-193, 1978
被引用文献数
1

ケニア国タベタ地区での淡水産貝類は以下の8属11種である。即ち<I>Btomphalarta pfeifferi</I> (Krauss), <I>B.sudanica</I> (Martens), <I>Bulinus globosus</I> (Morelet), <I>B.tropicus</I> (Krauss), <I>B.forskalii</I> (Ehrenberg), 以上5種は住血吸虫との関係種, <I>Lymnea natalensis</I> (Krauss), <I>Ceratophallus natalensis</I> (Krauss), <I>Segmentorbis angustus</I> (Jickeli), <I>Gyraulus costulatus</I> (Krauss), <I>Bellamya unicolor</I> (Olivier) <I>Melanoides tuberculata</I> (M&uuml;ller) である。<BR><I>B.pfeifferi</I>はLumi川と灌漑用溝に, <I>B.sudanica</I>はJipe湖畔に, それぞれの多数の棲息をみたが, マンソン住血吸虫の自然感染は<I>B.pfeifferi</I>のみに見られた。<I>B.globosus</I>は灌漑用溝のみに多数棲息し, <I>B.tropicus</I>は灌漑用溝とJipe湖畔に, <I>B.forskalii</I>は少数ながらあらゆる水系に見出された。ビルハルツ住血吸虫の自然感染は<I>B.globosus</I>のみに見出され, その貝の棲息数が多いと約10%の高い感染率が常時認められた。<BR>一方これらの実験感染では, <I>B.pfeifferi</I>には3隻のミラシジウムで, <I>B.secdanica</I>には5隻のそれで100%感染が成立し, 両種ともマンソン住血吸虫の好適な中間宿主であることがわかった。<BR><I>B.globosus</I>は1.5~8.5mmの若い貝は5隻のミラシジウムで100%感染が成立し, 11~12mmの成貝では20隻以上のミラシジウムが必要である。ビルハルツ住血吸虫の好適な中間宿主であることがわかった。<BR>以上からタベタ地区でのマンソン住血吸虫症, ビルハルツ住血吸虫症の媒介中間宿主として, 前者には<I>B.pfeifferi</I>と<I>B.sudanica</I>が, 後者には<I>B.globosus</I>が主な役割を演じていることが推測される。
著者
Nojima Hisatake Katamine Daisuke Kawashima Kenjiro Nakajima Yasuo Imai Jun-ichi Sakamoto Makoto Shimada Masaaki Miyahara Michiaki
出版者
日本熱帯医学会
雑誌
日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.3, pp.181-193, 1978-12-15

ケニア国タベタ地区での淡水産貝類は以下の8属11種である。即ちBiomphalaria pfeifferi(Krauss),B. sudanica (Martens),Bulinus globosus (Morelet),B. tropicus (Krauss),B.forskalii (Ehrenberg),以上5種は住血吸虫との関係種,Lymnea natalensis (Krauss),Ceratophallus natalensis(Krauss),Segmentorbis angustus (Jickeli),Gyraulus costulatus (Krauss),Bellamya unicolor (Olivier),Melanoides tuberculata (Muller)である。B. pfeifferiはLumi川と灌漑用溝に, B. sudanicaはJipe湖畔に,それぞれの多数の棲息をみたが,マンソン住血吸虫の自然感染はB. pfeifferiのみに見られた。B.globosusは灌漑用溝のみに多数棲息し,B. tropicusは灌漑用溝とJipe湖畔に,B. forskaliiは少数ながらあらゆる水系に見出された。ビルハルツ住血吸虫の自然感染はB. globosusのみに見出され,その貝の棲息数が多いと約10%の高い感染率が常時認められた。一方これらの実験感染では,B. pfeifferiには3隻のミラシジウムで,B. sudanicaには5隻のそれで100%感染が成立し,両種ともマンソン住血吸虫の好適な中間宿主であることがわかった。B. globosusは1.5~8.5mmの若い貝は5隻のミラシジウムで100%感染が成立し,11~12mmの成貝では20隻以上のミラシジウムが必要である。ビルハルツ住血吸虫の好適な中間宿主であることがわかった。以上からタベタ地区でのマンソン住血吸虫症,ピノレハルツ住血吸虫症の媒介中間宿主として,前者にはB. pfeifferiとB. sudanicaが,後者にはB.globosusが主な役割を演じていることが推測される。The present study was carried out in the permanent water streams of Lumi River, Irrigation Furrow and Lake Jipe in the Taveta area, Coast Province, Kenya during the dry seasons of 1974 and 1975, and the experimental infection was made at laboratory in Japan. Freshwater snails collected in the Taveta area were as follows: Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Krauss), B. sudanica (Martens), Bulinus globosus (Morelet), B. tropicus (Krauss), B. forskalii (Ehrenberg), Lymnea natalensis (Krauss), Ceratophallus natalensis (Krauss), Segmentorbis angustus (Jickeli), Gyraulus costulatus (Krauss), Bellamya unicolor (Olivier) and Melanoides tuberculata (Muller). B. pfeifferi was commonly found in river and irrigation canal, whereas B. sudanica only in lake. Natural infection of Schistosoma mansoni was found in B. pfeifferi, but not in B. sudanica. Both the two species were experimentally proved to be suitable intermediate snail hosts of S. mansoni. Therefore it was indicated that B. pfeifferi is the host snail of S. mansoni in the endemic area along river and irrigation canal while B. sudanica is suspected of playing the role in the transmission of S. mansoni in lakeshore. B. globosus was commonly found in irrigation canal. Around 10 per cent of the snails proved to be naturally infected with S. haematobium on the conditions that many snails occurred. This snail was also experimentally proved to be susceptible to S. haematobium. B. forskalii was widespread, but the snail density seemed to be low. B. tropicus is well known as the not-intermediate snail host of S. haematobium. Therefore there might be a possibility to contribute only by B. globosus to the transmission of S. haematobium in this area.
著者
Hermann Feldmeier Osuke Komazawa Kazuhiko Moji
出版者
日本熱帯医学会
雑誌
Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2014-S15, (Released:2014-05-27)
被引用文献数
1 3

This article summarizes observations made in Northern Uganda and a lecture given at the Nodding Syndrome Workshop in Nagasaki September 2013. The objective of the manuscript is to summarize the current knowledge on nodding syndrome and to provide an agenda for investigations into the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and care management of nodding syndrome in Uganda.
著者
Basu D. Pandey Takeshi Nabeshima Kishor Pandey Saroj P. Rajendra Yogendra Shah Bal R. Adhikari Govinda Gupta Ishan Gautam Mya M. N. Tun Reo Uchida Mahendra Shrestha Ichiro Kurane Kouichi Morita
出版者
日本熱帯医学会
雑誌
Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2012-17, (Released:2013-08-20)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
6 32

Dengue is an emerging disease in Nepal and was first observed as an outbreak in nine lowland districts in 2006. In 2010, however, a large epidemic of dengue occurred with 4,529 suspected and 917 serologically-confirmed cases and five deaths reported in government hospitals in Nepal. The collection of demographic information was performed along with an entomological survey and clinical evaluation of the patients. A total of 280 serum samples were collected from suspected dengue patients. These samples were subjected to routine laboratory investigations and IgM-capture ELISA for dengue serological identification, and 160 acute serum samples were used for virus isolation, RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that affected patients were predominately adults, and that 10% of the cases were classified as dengue haemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome. The genetic characterization of dengue viruses isolated from patients in four major outbreak areas of Nepal suggests that the DENV-1 strain was responsible for the 2010 epidemic. Entomological studies identified Aedes aegypti in all epidemic areas. All viruses belonged to a monophyletic single clade which is phylogenetically close to Indian viruses. The dengue epidemic started in the lowlands and expanded to the highland areas. To our knowledge, this is the first dengue isolation and genetic characterization reported from Nepal.
著者
Suwonkerd Wannapa Prajakwong Somsak 津田 良夫 高木 正洋
出版者
日本熱帯医学会
雑誌
日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.3, pp.113-115, 1997-09-15

A field study was carried out in 2 villages of Phare Province, Thailand to evaluate effect of the residual spraying of a microcapsulated formulation of 20% fenitrothion (Sumithion 20 MC(R)) on Anopheles minimus populations. In the treatment village, houses were sprayed with 1g/m2 of fenitrothion, except for 2 houses which were selected to spray with 0.5g/m2 of fenitrothion for comparative bio-assay test. The results of bio-assay test showed that mortality of An. minimus was 100% in 1g/m2-30 miniutes until 4 months after the spray. The growth rate of An. minimus population during the first 4 months of the study period in the treatment village was lower than that in the control area. These results suggested that the residual spray of fenitrothion microcapsules at the beginning of the dry season was effective at least for 4 months after the spray and could suppress the density of An. minimus.
著者
Duc Tuan Dinh Mai Thi Quynh Le Cuong Duc Vuong Futoshi Hasebe Kouichi Morita
出版者
日本熱帯医学会
雑誌
Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.1, pp.3-7, 2011 (Released:2011-03-24)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
22 53

We designed a new set of primers for reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to specifically amplify the HA gene of avian influenza viruses subtype H5N1. By testing nine H5N1 virus strains and 41 clinical samples collected in Northern Vietnam, we found that the new primers showed higher sensitivity and specificity than the previously published RT-LAMP primers and were comparable to the RT-PCR method currently recommended by WHO. These results suggest that our RT-LAMP assay may be a better choice as a diagnostic tool for current H5N1 influenza virus infection.
著者
Ichinose Yoshio Cesar Monges A. Centurion Maria G. Medina Dorita Alborno Rose M. Bestard Juan J. Makoto Sakamoto Ricardo Moreno A.
出版者
日本熱帯医学会
雑誌
日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.1, pp.39-47, 1991-03-15

1990年5月から7月までの3カ月間,パラグアイ・アスンシオン市の医療施設において,5歳以下の下痢症例患者を対象に,下痢便の細菌学的検査を行った。53症例から34名(64.1%) に下痢原因菌を検出したが,その結果は病原性大腸菌の19株(35.8%)を筆頭に,サルモネラ8株(15.1%),毒素原性大腸菌3株(5.7%),赤痢菌とカンピロパクターがそれぞれ2株(3.8%)が検出され,このうち混合感染が3例あった。診断用抗血清による凝集試験で,病原性大腸菌では11種に型別され,O18型が最も頻度が高かった。血清学的抗原構造で毒素原性大腸菌に属するものからは,易熱性毒素(LT)は検出できなかったが,乳のみマウスによる耐熱性毒素(ST)の検査で,毒素原性大腸菌から1株が陽性を示し,病原性大腸菌も2株が陽性を示した。河川水や飲料水の細菌学的検査において,病原性大腸菌,組織侵入性大腸菌,サルモネラ,ビプリオ属などの病原菌の他に,腸内細菌科の細菌も検出された。特にパラグアイ川からは,下痢便で最優先であったものと同型の, O18型病原性大腸菌が検出されたことは,この地域住民に水系感染の危険性があることが推察された。またディスク法によって,抗生物質7種類に対する薬剤感受性試験を行ったが,同一菌種間においても,その感受性パターンは多様性を示した。パラグアイにおける細菌性下痢症の調査は,従来,サルモネラや赤痢菌などの古典的下痢症については行われてきた。しかしカンピロパクターについては,1989年において,初めて4症例の報告がなされた状況であり,腸管病原性大腸菌やピプリオ属の調査については,まったくなされていない。パラグアイでの下痢症の疫学的・病因的調査は不十分な状況であるので,この調査を機会に,今後も継続して行っていく必要性を強調したい。An etiological study of bacterial diarrhea in infants under five years of age in Paraguay from May to July of 1990 was done. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains of known serogroups were isolated from 35.8% of the patients with diarrhea, Salmonella spp. were isolated from 15.1%, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains were isolated from 5.7%, and Shigella and Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 3.8% respectivery. No enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) or Vibrio spp. was isolated. Out of 53 diarrheal patients, 34 cases (64.1%) had bacterial diarrheal diseases. The infants under one year of age with diarrhea were predominant among inpatient and outpatient children under five years of age and the total number of male diarrheal cases was greater than that of female cases. Enteropathogenic organisms were isolated from nine out of 12 water samples taken from the Paraguay River. The major serotype (O18) of the EPEC isolated from the water samples of the Paraguay River corresponded to the major serotype isolated from patients with diarrhea.
著者
Takagi Masahiro Rakai Ismail M. Narayan Deo Ram Ramesh Gyan Prakash
出版者
日本熱帯医学会
雑誌
日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.2, pp.173-181, 1990-06-15

1980年から1981年にかけて,フィジーのAedes aegyptiとAe.pseudoscutellarisの発生状況と発生原因調査を,毎月定期的に実施した。多雨地域に位置する首都スパ市域と周辺の村落部,少雨地域の都市ラウトカの市域とその周辺の村落部の幼虫発生指数を検討した。発生は利用可能な容器の密度に依存すること,容器の密度は降雨量に依存することが確かめられた。降雨への依存程度は,Ae. pseudoscutellarisの方が高かった。発生容器の多寡と多様性は,地域固有の社会経済的機能,住民の生活様式,公共の公衆衛生的サービスの質に左右された。降雨量の多少に拘らず,村落部では空き缶等の小容器とドラム缶の密度が高かった。これはゴミの定期的収拾と,パイプ給水の未実施と関係がある。古タイヤは工場地帯を除けば,地域を問わずまんべんなく分布していた。自然的および人為的要因による幼虫発生容器の存在状況の違いは,両デング熱媒介蚊種が属性として示す産卵選好水域の違いを通して,両種の浸淫度の地域間差異に帰結する。ゴミを定期的に収拾する地域の拡大と古タイヤ対策が,同国におけるデング熱媒介蚊防除対策の要と考えた。A larval monitoring of dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti and Ae. pseudoscutellaris, was carried out as regularly as possible in several cities of Viti Levu, the main land of Fiji in 1981. Larval indices of both the two vector species were apparently precipitation dependent, and it was due to abundant available breeding containers. Seasonal fluctuation of those indices was more drastic in Ae. pseudoscutellaris than in Ae. aegypti. More breeding containers were found in rural area than in urban area. Performance of regular garbage collection service in urban area could reduce breeding containers for the species effectively. The variety and the density of potential containers were different in rural and urban areas. These differences were also found among industrial, commercial and residential blocks in a city, and were considered to affect species composition of the vectors.