著者

Akizumi Tsutsumi

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Environmental and Occupational Health Practice (ISSN:24344931)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-0020-OP, (Released:2021-02-25)

参考文献数

44

---

In Japan, over 6,000 workers commit suicide every year, and the Japanese government has taken several countermeasures to prevent Karoshi (death due to overwork) and mental health disorders among workers. Risk factors for suicide among workers include long working hours, adverse psychosocial job characteristics, economic recession or financial crisis, job insecurity, and workplace harassment. Depressive symptoms are supposed to play a vital role in mediating mechanisms. Owing to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, economic crises continue and seemingly deepen, and the risk of unemployment increases. Workers with low socioeconomic status and who do not enjoy occupational health services are considered vulnerable, and essential workers (including health care workers) require special attention. Little evidence prevails with respect to workplace suicide prevention measures in a population approach, and hence, suicide prevention should be integrated into the existing workplace mental health activities. Although evidence of secondary prevention, such as screening for depression, is scarce for workplace mental health, such measures, including regular psychological counseling, should be applicable during this crisis. Research is thus crucial for preventing suicide in the workplace using surrogate outcomes, such as suicidality, help-seeking, stigma, access to means, and improving workplace support. Prevention of suicide among temporary workers, freelancers, foreign workers, and self-employed individuals who lack support from regional and occupational healthcare domains remains an untackled issue.

著者

Ziyang Song Edwin J. Boezeman Karen Nieuwenhuijsen Xiaodong Li Angela G. E. M. de Boer

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.e12174, 2020 (Released:2020-11-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

7

---

Objectives: To investigate the association of subjective fit perceptions, distress, emotional exhaustion, and work engagement, with work functioning, among young construction project management professionals (CPMPs).Methods: The research had a cross-sectional design. Dutch young CPMPs (142 participants, age range: 20 to 30 years of age) completed a questionnaire containing general questions recording their demographic characteristics, and instruments recording the following concepts: perceived person-organization fit, perceived person-job fit (including demands-abilities fit and needs-supplies fit), distress, emotional exhaustion, work engagement, and work functioning. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the association of fit perceptions, distress, emotional exhaustion, and work engagement, with work functioning.Results: The correlation analysis indicated that person-organization fit, needs-supplies fit, distress, emotional exhaustion, and work engagement correlated significantly with work functioning problems of young CPMPs. The multiple regression analyses corroborated that needs-supplies fit, distress, and emotional exhaustion related significantly to the work functioning problems of young CPMPs, with the standardized regression coefficients (β) of −0.28, 0.52, and 0.38 (P < .01), respectively. Other than would be expected, the multiple regression analyses also made clear that work engagement does not significantly relate to work functioning problems beyond distress and emotional exhaustion.Conclusions: Incongruence between personal needs and job supplies, psychological distress, and emotional exhaustion are central correlates of the work functioning problems of young CPMPs. Occupational health professionals can use these insights to help young CPMPs at work.

著者

Kiyotaka KOHSHI Takahiko KATOH Haruhiko ABE Toshio OKUDERA

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.56-60, 2001 (Released:2006-03-27)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

14

---

Neurological Diving Accidents in Japanese Breath-Hold Divers: A Preliminary Report: Kiyotaka KoHSHI, et al. Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Hyperbaric Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health—There have been no reports of diving accidents involving Korean or Japanese professional breath-hold (ama) divers except for our 2 recent cases. We investigated a direct interview survey on their village to determine whether other ama divers had experienced any accidents during or after dives. Interview responses were retrospectively obtained from 16 partially assisted male ama divers belonging to the Utsu Union on Mishima Island, Yamaguchi Prefecture in Japan. We questioned the divers about diving history (diving depth, length of the diving shift, number of dives and diving accidents), medical history (hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular diseases) and health habits (smoking and alcohol consumption). Nine of 16 ama divers previously had stroke-like neurological accidents, in which the most common symptom were unilateral motor weakness [7 cases] and sensory abnormalities [4 cases]. All of these neurological problems had manifested transiently. In addition, 13 of 16 divers had occasional episodes of dizziness, nausea and/or euphoria during such dives. Repeated deep breathhold dives may be harmful to the divers and cause brain involvement. (J Occup Health 2001; 43: 56-60)

著者

Akira Bannai Shigekazu Ukawa Akiko Tamakoshi

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.20-27, 2015 (Released:2015-02-14)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

36

---

Objectives: Long working hours have the possibility to influence human health. In Japan, it is well known that teachers have long working hours, and the number of leaves of absence due to mental disorders among public school teachers increased from 2,687 in 2002 to 4,960 in 2012. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between long working hours and psychological distress among school teachers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from mid-July to September in 2013 in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. Questionnaires were distributed to 1,245 teachers in public junior high schools. Information about basic characteristics, including working hours, and responses to the General Health Questionnaire-28 were collected anonymously. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between long working hours and psychological distress by gender. Results: Of the 1,245 teachers contacted, 558 (44.8%) responded. After excluding responses with missing data, the final sample included 522 teachers (337 males and 185 females). Psychological distress was identified in 47.8% of males and 57.8% of females. Our results showed a significantly increased risk only in males working >60 hours per week (adjusted OR=4.71 [95% CI 2.04–11.56]) compared with those working ≤40 hours per week. There were no significant associations between long working hours and psychological distress for females. Conclusions: There is a significant association between long working hours and psychological distress in male teachers. However, the causal relationship remains unclear. Further studies such as cohort studies with large sample sizes are needed.(J Occup Health 2015; 57: 20–27)

著者

Kanami Tsuno Norito Kawakami Akihito Shimazu Kyoko Shimada Akiomi Inoue Michael P. Leiter

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.237-246, 2017-05-20 (Released:2017-05-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

25

---

Objectives: Although incivility is a common interpersonal mistreatment and associated with poor mental health, there are few studies about it in Asian countries. The aim of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the modified Work Incivility Scale (J-MWIS), investigate its reliability and validity, and reveal the prevalence of incivility among Japanese employees in comparison with data on Canadian employees. Methods: A total of 2,191 Japanese and 1,071 Canadian employees were surveyed, using either the J-MWIS or MWIS. Japanese employees additionally answered questions on civility, worksite social support, workplace bullying, psychological distress, intention to leave, and work engagement to investigate construct validity. Results: At least one form of workplace incivility was experienced by both Japanese (52.3%) and Canadian (86.0%) employees in the previous month. Internal consistency reliability of the J-MWIS was acceptable (α=0.71-0.81), and correlation analyses also confirmed its construct validity as expected. Workplace incivility was associated with lower workgroup civility, lower supervisor and coworker support, higher workplace bullying, higher psychological distress, higher intention to leave, and lower work engagement. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the original three-factor model (supervisor incivility, coworker incivility, and instigated incivility) fitted moderately in both Japan and Canada data, though the privacy/overfamiliarity factor was additionally extracted from exploratory factor analysis for the J-MWIS. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that the J-MWIS has moderate internal consistency reliability and good construct validity.

著者

Hiroko Tobari Kazumasa Yamagishi Hiroyuki Noda Takeshi Tanigawa Hiroyasu Iso

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.4, pp.323-331, 2009 (Released:2009-08-12)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

3

---

Objectives: Prevention of horse-related injuries is considered difficult because horse behavior is unpredictable. Therefore, risk factors for injuries related to professional horse racing need to be investigated. We conducted a study to determine whether body mass index (BMI) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels are associated with professional horse racing-related injuries. Methods: A baseline healthy survey of 546 male grooms and exercise riders aged 40-70 yr working at Miho Training Center, the largest racing-horse training facility in Japan, was performed in May 2003. A total of 93 occupational injuries occurred from June 1, 2003 to December 31, 2005. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine associations between the risk of injury and BMI and GGT. Results: Grooms and exercise riders with BMI <20 kg/m2 or with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 compared to BMI=20.0-22.9 kg/m2 had 2.5 to 3.5-fold higher age-adjusted risks of injuries. The multivariate hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) after adjustment for age, GGT, smoking habit, and history of injuries were 3.5 (1.5 to 8.4) and 2.4 (1.2 to 4.8) for grooms, 3.1 (1.2 to 8.2) and 1.9 (0.4 to 10.1) for exercise riders, respectively. The age-adjusted hazard ratio of injuries for persons with GGT ≥100 IU/l was 2.0 to 2.5-fold higher than for those with GGT <60 IU/l. The multivariate hazard ratios were 1.9 (1.0 to 3.6) for grooms and 2.5 (1.0 to 6.2) for exercise riders. Conclusions: Low and high BMI and high GGT were associated with professional horse racing-related injuries.

著者

Koh Hiraoka Seiichiro Tateishi Koji Mori

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.6, pp.497-512, 2015 (Released:2015-12-25)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

21

---

Objectives: The aim of this review was to summarize the lessons learned from the experience in protecting the health of workers engaged in operations following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). Methods: We reviewed all types of scientific papers examining workers' health found in Medline and Web of Sciences as well as some official reports published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan and other governmental institutes. Results: The papers and reports were classified into those investigating workers at the Fukushima Daiichi and Daini NPPs, workers engaged in decontamination operations in designated areas, and other workers. Regarding workers at the NPPs, many efforts were made to establish an emergency-care and occupational health system. Risk management efforts were undertaken for radiation exposure, heat stress, psychological stress, outbreak of infectious diseases, and fitness for work. Only a few reports dealt with decontamination workers and others; however, the health management of these workers was clearly weaker than that for workers at the NPPs. Conclusions: Many lessons can be learned from what occurred. That knowledge can be applied to ongoing decommissioning work and to future disasters. In addition, it is necessary to study the long-term health effects of radiation exposure and to accumulate data about the health of workers engaged in decontamination work and other areas.(J Occup Health 2015; 57: 497–512)

著者

Shanika Nanayakkara STMLD Senevirathna Tilak Abeysekera Rohana Chandrajith Neelakanthi Ratnatunga EDL Gunarathne Junxia Yan Toshiaki Hitomi Eri Muso Toshiyuki Komiya Kouji H. Harada Wanyang Liu Hatasu Kobayashi Hiroko Okuda Hideyuki Sawatari Fumihiko Matsuda Ryo Yamada Takao Watanabe Hideki Miyataka Seiichiro Himeno Akio Koizumi

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0172-OA, (Released:2013-12-18)

被引用文献数

91

---

Objectives: Previous investigations on chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology characterized by tubulointerstitial damages (CKDu) in the North Central Region (NCR) of Sri Lanka have supported the involvement of social, environmental and genetic factors in its pathogenesis. Methods: We conducted a social-environmental-and-genetic epidemiology study on a male population in NCR to investigate the genetic and environmental contributors. We recruited 311 case-series patients and 504 control candidates. Of the 504 control candidates, 218 (43%) were eliminated because of the presence of hypertension, proteinuria, high HBA1c, high serum creatinine or high alpha-1 microglobulin in urine. Results and Discussion: None of 18 metals measured (µg/l) in urine, including Cd, As and Pb, showed significantly higher concentrations in cases compared with controls. As speciation results showed that 75-80% of total urinary As was in the form of arsenobetaine, which is non-toxic to humans. None of the metal concentrations in drinking water samples exceeded guideline values. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to determine the genetic contributors. The GWAS yielded a genome-wide significant association with CKDu for a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs6066043; P=5.23×10-9 in quantitative trait locus analysis; P=3.73×10-8 in dichotomous analysis) in SLC13A3 (sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter member 3). The population attributable fraction and odds ratio for this SNP were 50% and 2.13. Genetic susceptibility was identified as the major risk factor for CKDu. However, 43% of the apparently healthy male population suffers from non-communicable diseases, suggesting their possible influence on CKDu progression.

著者

Ben Ouyang Lucy DX Li Joanne Mount Alainna J Jamal Lauren Berry Carmine Simone Marcus Law RW Melissa Tai

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.63-73, 2017-01-20 (Released:2017-01-24)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

21

---

Objectives: This field study aimed to determine the incidence and distribution of needlestick injuries among medical trainees at a community teaching hospital in Toronto, Canada. Methods: The study was performed during the 2013-2015 academic years at Toronto East General Hospital (TEGH), a University of Toronto-affiliated community-teaching hospital during the 2013-2015 academic years. Eight-hundred and forty trainees, including medical students, residents, and post-graduate fellows, were identified and invited via email to participate in an anonymous online fluidsurveys.com survey of 16 qualitative and quantitative questions. Results: Three-hundred and fifty trainees responded (42% response rate). Eighty-eight (25%) respondents reported experiencing at least one injury at TEGH. In total, our survey identified 195 total injuries. Surgical trainees were significantly more likely to incur injuries than non-surgical trainees (IRR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.80-5.10). Orthopaedic surgery trainees had the highest risk of a needlestick injury, being over 12 times more likely to be injured than emergency medicine trainees (IRR = 12.4, 95% CI 2.11-72.32). Only 28 of the 88 most recent needlestick injuries were reported to occupational health. Trainees reported a perception of insignificant risk, lack of resources and support for reporting, and injury stigmatization as reasons for not reporting needlestick injuries. Conclusions: Needlestick injuries were a common underreported risk to medical trainees at TEGH. Future research should investigate strategies to reduce injury and improve reporting among the high-risk and reporting-averse trainees.

著者

Orawan Kaewboonchoo Paul Ratanasiripong

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.371-377, 2015 (Released:2015-10-31)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 14

---

Objective: The purpose of this research was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Work Ability Index (WAI). Methods: Forward translation and back-translation of the WAI were performed by seven bilingual professionals to ensure that the Thai WAI was culturally relevant and conceptually accurate. To ensure generalizability of the Thai WAI, a sample of 2,744 Thai workers from 19 different enterprises in five regions of Thailand completed the Thai version of the WAI along with the General Health Questionnaire. The 19 enterprises were from the following industries: canned food, snack food, cooking oil, footwear, pharmaceutical, ceramics, toy, steel, petrochemical, and auto parts. Results: The results from exploratory factor analysis supported a 3-factor model, accounting for 53.49% of the total variance. The results also provided evidence for adequate test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the Thai WAI. The internal consistency of the Thai WAI was found to be slightly low due to the newness of the concept of work ability, which is not a common term used in the Thai language; therefore, explanation of the meaning of work ability is needed to increase understanding of workers. Conclusions: By providing early recognition of workers' health risks as well as risks of early termination, the WAI can help Thai human resources managers respond better to the needs of workers and be proactive in their efforts to retain workers in their organizations. Occupational health professionals could also utilize the WAI to evaluate the work ability of Thai workers in order to help organizations recognize early signs of their workers' health risks and possible early terminations and respond appropriately.(J Occup Health 2015; 57: 371–377)

著者

Kazuya Adachi Tomotaro Dote Emi Dote Go Mitsui Koichi Kono

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.235-241, 2007 (Released:2007-06-13)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

14 17

---

Cadmium fluoride (CdF) is commonly used as an insulator for ulta high speed mass telecommunications equipment, and there is a considerable risk that industrial workers will inhale CdF particles. Despite the possibility that acute exposure can cause harmful systemic effects, there are no studies to date that address the health consequences of acute CdF exposure. This study therefore aimed to determine the acute lethal dose of CdF and its effects on various target organs, including the liver and kidney. We also determined the effect of CdF on serum electrolytes and acid-base balance. The effective lethal dose was determined and dose-response study was conducted after intravenous administration of CdF in rats. The 24 h LD50 of CdF was determined to be 3.29 mg/kg. The dose-response study used doses of 1.34, 2.67, 4.01 mg/kg CdF. Saline or sodium fluoride solution were used for controles. Severe hepatocellular injury was induced at doses greater than 2.67 mg/kg, as demonstrated by AST and ALT activities greater than 1,500 IU/l in rats injected with a dose of 4.01 mg/kg. Acute renal failure was induced at doses greater than 2.67 mg/kg. Decreased serum Ca, increased serum K and metabolic acidosis were induced at a dose of 4.01 mg/kg. Decreased serum Ca was caused by exposure to ionized F. CdF has the strongest lethal and hepatic toxicity among all Cd containing compounds.

著者

Miwa Yamaguchi Masafumi Eguchi Shamima Akter Takeshi Kochi Huanhuan Hu Ikuko Kashino Keisuke Kuwahara Isamu Kabe Tetsuya Mizoue

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2017-0298-OA, (Released:2018-09-27)

被引用文献数

4

---

Objective: To investigate associations of work-related stressors and their changes over time with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Japanese manufacturing workers.Methods: Participants were 1,040 employees aged 19 to 68 years who were free from MetS at baseline and completed the three year-interval follow-up survey. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement. Work-related stressors (job strain, job demands, job control, and worksite social support) were assessed based on the Job Content Questionnaire and were split into two categories (low and high) by the median value at each survey. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate the associations of baseline work-related stressors and their changes over time with the incidence of MetS.Results: Three years later, 61 workers developed MetS. Higher job demands at baseline were significantly associated with a lower risk of MetS (adjusted odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidential interval: 0.24, 0.89). In the analyses of the changes in stressors over time, those whose job demands changed from low to high showed significantly higher risk of MetS (adjusted odds ratio 3.27, 95% confidential interval: 1.46, 7.34), compared with those who reported low job demands in both surveys.Conclusions: Results suggest that an increase in job demands over time, but not higher job demands at baseline, is associated with increased risk of MetS.

著者

Suguru Okubo Kazuhito Yokoyama Mayo Suzuki Iori Tani Wakaha Ikeda Fumihiko Kitamura

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.51-55, 2012 (Released:2012-03-05)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors affecting the difficulties in receiving a medical consultation among workers with mental health problems. Methods: The present study was performed using a cross-sectional survey. We requested occupational physicians and nurses who were members of the Japan Society for Occupational Health to distribute self-administered questionnaires to their clients. Results: Ninety-nine workers (68 males and 30 females), aged 40.6 ± 9.1 yr, returned completed questionnaires; 65% of the respondents had been diagnosed with depression. The most common difficulty perceived by them was that there were no intra-office counselors. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the number of months between the onset of mental health problems and the first medical consultation was significantly associated with age and having no sick leave allowance. Conclusions: The implementation and enhancement of sick leave allowance may promote early intervention in regard to workplace mental health problems. Mental health education and regular checkups for older workers is also critical for early detection and intervention of mental health problems.

著者

Makiko Nakano Kazuyuki Omae Toru Takebayashi Shigeru Tanaka and Shigeki Koda

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2017-0220-OA, (Released:2018-05-09)

被引用文献数

22

---

Background: ortho-Toluidine (OT) was listed as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2012 based on epidemiological observations of workers co-exposed to OT and aromatic amines. From 2014 to 2017, several cases of bladder cancer (BCa) secondary to occupational exposure, primarily to OT, were detected in Japan.Objective: To describe 10 cases of BCa in male Japanese workers exposed primarily to OT at two plants that produce organic dye and pigment intermediates.Methods: Details of the 10 cases were obtained from company records and through a questionnaire and interview. The surrogate level of exposure to each aromatic amine was calculated as the total job-weight/month for each process for each job-year.Results: No quantitative exposure data were available. In most cases the surrogate level of exposure to OT was higher than to other amines. All 10 cases were exposed primarily to OT and co-exposed to para-toluidine, ortho-anisidine, aniline, 2,4-xylidine or ortho-chloroaniline. The age range at diagnosis was 41–71 years (mean 56). The duration of OT exposure was 7–28 years (mean 16.5). Disease latency was 16–28 years (mean 21.9). Eight patients were smokers. The main symptom at diagnosis was hematuria (70%).Conclusions: The characteristics of BCa cases were associated with a high surrogate level of OT exposure and a disease latency of more than 20 years from the initial OT exposure. The main route of OT exposure was likely through the skin. It is necessary to continue health examinations in these target groups.

著者

Areeya Jirathananuwat Krit Pongpirul

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.5, pp.385-393, 2017-09-20 (Released:2017-09-28)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

50

---

Introduction: Physically active (PA) people have a lower risk of various diseases, compared to those with sedentary lifestyles. Evidence on the effects of PA promoting programs in the workplace is large, and several systematic reviews (SR) and/or meta-analyses (MA) have been published. However, they have failed to consider factors that could influence interventions. This paper aimed to classify and describe interventions to promote PA in the workplace based on evidence from SR/MA. Method: A literature search for SR/MA was done using PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct (January 2006-February 2015). Quality assessment of SR/MA was performed using AMSTAR. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model was used for classifying the interventions into predisposing, enabling, reinforcing, environment, and policy domains of focus. Results: Eleven SR/MA included 220 primary studies, of which 139 (63%) were randomized controlled trials. Of 48 interventions identified, 22 (46%) and 17 (35%) focused on predisposing or enabling employees to have more PA, respectively. Of the 22 predisposing factors, 6 were information delivery, 5 were self-motivation, and 11 were program training. The enabling approaches were 12 instrument resources and 5 health service facilities. The reinforcing approaches were 4 incentive and 3 social support. The remaining interventions focused on the environmental development and policy regulation. Conclusions: This systematic meta-review classified interventions using appropriate framework and described the intervention pattern.

著者

前田 勝義 平山 八郎 高松 誠

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.8-21, 1977

---

紙巻きタバコ製造工場の巻上げ・包装工程の女子流れ作業者に頸肩腕障害が多発した事例を経験し, 作業内容の解析を行なうとともに, 117名の女子流れ作業者につき健康調査を行ない, 次の結果をえた.<BR>(1) この工場の流れ作業では, 上肢を反復使用し, 作業姿勢は拘束的で, 作業ペースの規制度は強い.作業は単調で, 一部の作業では神経・感覚器系の負担が大きいと思われた.<BR>(2) 1労働日内での流れ作業時間のしめる長さ, 製品の流れ速度, 作業動作上の負担, などは, 工程により違いがあったが, 作業負担が大きい工程では, 自覚症の訴えが強かった.<BR>(3) 健康診断の結果に基づき, 日本産業衛生学会頸肩腕症候群委員会の病像分類 (改訂案) により症度判定したところ, 1度 : 12名, II度 : 63名, III度 : 36名, IV度 : 6名, V度 : 0名で, この工場の女子流れ作業者全員の15.7%以上が, IIIまたはIV度であることが明らかになった.<BR>(4) 日本産業衛生学会頸肩腕症候群委員会作成の自覚症状調査表等の回答結果は, 諸検査成績とよく対応していたので, これらの調査表の利用価値は高いと思われた.<BR>(5) 流れ作業者調査表の回答結果の解析から, 障害の強い者では, (i) 作業姿勢, 作業速度, 精神面での負担が大きく, (ii) 作業に伴う疲労の発現部位は拡大し, 神経・感覚器系の症状も強く現われ, 作業後の疲労も強く, (iii) 睡眠障害を訴える者が多く, 疲労を翌日へ持ち越す者も多く, こうした状況を反映して, 薬剤を服用する者も増加し, 治療を受ける者も増加することが明らかにされた.<BR>以上の結果に基づき, この工場における頸肩腕障害の発症過程につき考察し, その業務起因性を明らかにし, 健康管理, 衛生教育の必要性について述べた.

著者

上野 満雄 中桐 伸五 谷口 隆 有沢 豊武 三野 善央 小寺 良成 金澤 右 雄山 浩一 小河 孝則 太田 武夫 青山 英康

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.6, pp.483-491, 1984

---

日本国有鉄道の新幹線は,早朝から深夜まで過密ダイヤのもとで,高速度を出して走行している.したがって,新幹線車両の清掃労働者は主に,深夜労働に従事することを余儀なくされ,頻回な夜間勤務を行っている.本研究は,新幹線車両清掃労働者の健康に及ぼす夜間勤務の影響を検討したものであり,特に,連続夜勤の回数と健康障害の関係について評価を行った.本研究は二つの調査研究から成っている.<br>最初の研究では,勤務実態と健康実態を明らかにするため, 1か月間の夜動の頻度,連続夜勤の回数,自覚症状を調査した.調査は,大阪駅で働く246人の男性清掃労働者に対して,日本産業衛生学会交代勤務委員会作成の質問用紙を配布する方法を用いて, 1981年に実施した.調査結果は,勤務形態別に3グループに分けて比較検討を行った.<br>グループAは,夜勤専従者であり,勤務編成は,週に5回の連続夜勤を基本とする102人のグループである.グループBは,一昼夜交代で週3回勤務をする124人のグループである.グループCは,週6回勤務の日勤者20人である.これら勤務の形態別比較の結果,グループAにおける胃腸障害,全身疲労感の訴え率が最も高く現われていた.<br>最初の研究結果にもとづいて, 2番目の研究では,連続夜勤の回数と健康障害の関係について検討を行うため,ケース・コントロールスタディを行った.研究対象は,最初の研究で対象とした夜勤労働者の中から60人を5歳階層ごとに無作為抽出し, 3グループに分け各グループ20人ずつとし,方法は,産業衛生学会疲労研究会作成の疲労自覚症状を勤務の前後で1労働週にわたって自記させた. 3グループは,グループA20人,グループB20人,グループD20人である.グループAとBは,最初の研究の同じ勤務形態であるが,グループDは,グループAのコントロールとして,夜勤3日目を非番日に変えた勤務に従事させた.調査の結果,グループAとBでは最後の勤務後に疲労自覚症状の訴え数が第1日目の勤務前と比べて有意に増加していたが,コントロールのグループDでは訴え数の有意な増加は認められなかった.<br>これら二つの研究結果から,夜間勤務の形態と労働者の健康状態の間に密接な関連があり, 5連続夜勤の3日目を非番日にすることは,労働負担を軽減するうえで効果的であることが明らかとなった.したがって, 5回以上の連続夜勤に就労する新幹線清掃労働者の職業的健康障害を防止するためには,連続夜勤回数の頻度や労働時間に関する勤務条件の改善がなされるべきであると考えられた.

著者

小野 昭雄

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.6, pp.631-636, 1973

---

In the previous report, the author demonstrated, using two kinds of questionnaire, that baggage conductors were faced with health problems resulting from their evening and night works and from poor working environmental conditions such as noise, vibration and shock.<BR>In this report, the author wants to show another research in which noise, vibration and shock in the caboose were measured in order to compare the environmental conditions with the results of health questionnaires.<BR>The results are as follows ;<BR>1. There were measured much more times of shock in the caboose than in the baggage car of the express train. Model "YO" of caboose had twice the shock in frequency of Model "KOKIFU" of caboose.<BR>2. As to the strength of shock, more powerful shock was measured in Model "YO" than in Model "KOKIFU" or in the baggage car of the express train.<BR>3. The vibration in these two kinds of caboose and in the baggage car exceeded the "allowable limit of vibration as a vehicle" reported by Oshima, and that of Model "YO" was even beyond the "limit of uncomfortable vibration" reported by. Meister.<BR>4. As to noise, the baggage car of the express train had lower level of noise than these two kinds of caboose. The noise of these two kinds of car were beyond the threshold limit of noise in industry.<BR>5. The results of the environmental investigation showed that baggage conductors on board the caboose pointed out correctly their poor working conditions in the answer to the questionnaire.

著者

畑中 陽子 玉腰 暁子 津下 一代

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

産業衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:13410725)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.141-149, 2012

被引用文献数

12

---

<b>目的:</b>20歳代のBMIやその後の体重変化が,40歳代での高血圧・糖尿病の服薬率・有病率や医療費に及ぼす影響を検討する.<b>対象と方法:</b>1989年時点で20歳代の男性10,125人を対象とし,BMI区分別,およびBMI区分と20年間の体重増減の組み合わせ別に40歳代の高血圧・糖尿病の服薬率・有病率と医療費について分析した.BMI区分別の服薬率,有病率,受療率をロジスティック回帰分析により,平均医療費を共分散分析により,1989年時点の年齢,ならびに20年間の体重変化の程度を調整して検討した.<b>結果:</b>20歳代から40歳代にかけて20年間で平均7 kgの体重増加を認めた.40歳代の高血圧服薬率・有病率,糖尿病服薬率・有病率のいずれも20歳代のBMI区分が高くなるほど有意に上昇し,BMI 18.5–19.9の群に比べ25.0以上の群では高血圧有病率は6.81倍,糖尿病有病率は16.62倍であった.40歳代の外来医療費,総医療費も同様に20歳代のBMI区分が高くなるほど高額となり,1人当たり平均総医療費はBMI 18.5未満の群の818.7円から25.0以上群の5,311.5円に増加した.さらに,20歳代のBMIが20.0–21.9,22.0–24.9であっても20年間に体重が10㎏以上増加した場合には40歳代の高血圧・糖尿病のリスクが増加した.<b>考察:</b>20歳代のBMIが高い区分ほど40歳時の高血圧や糖尿病の有病率は上昇し,同様に医療費も増加した.20歳代でBMI 25.0未満の場合でも,20歳代のBMI区分とその後の体重増加に依存して有病率が高くなった. 終身雇用を基本とした日本企業における保健活動では,若年期からの肥満対策はもちろん,肥満でない人も含めて体重コントロールができるよう支援することが重要である.

著者

Toshiharu Mitsuhashi Etsuji Suzuki Soshi Takao Hiroyuki Doi

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.25-33, 2012 (Released:2012-03-05)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

13

---

Objectives: There has been a growing concern that maternal employment could have adverse or beneficial effects on children’s health. Although recent studies demonstrated that maternal employment was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight, the evidence remains sparse in Asian countries. We sought to examine the relationship between maternal working hours and early childhood overweight in a rural town in Okayama Prefecture. Methods: In February 2008, questionnaires were sent to parents of all preschool children aged ≥3 yr in the town to assess maternal working status (working hours and form of employment), children’s body mass index, and potential confounders. Childhood overweight was defined following the age and sex-specific criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for childhood overweight were estimated in a logistic regression. We used generalized estimating equations with an exchangeable correlation matrix, considering the correlation between siblings. Results: We analyzed 364 preschool children. Adjusting for each child’s characteristics (age, sex), mother’s characteristics (age, obesity, educational attainment, smoking status, and social participation), and family’s characteristics (number of siblings), children whose mothers work Conclusion: Short maternal working hours are associated with a lower odds of early childhood overweight.