著者

Xinhai Wang Xiaogai Lv Ben Zhang Bin Xu Ying Xu

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.6, pp.506-510, 2015 (Released:2015-06-20)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 3

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Polyaspartic acid/diethylenetriamine (PASP/DETA) graft copolymer was synthesized by urea, maleic anhydride and diethylenetriamine and its performance was evaluated by the static scale inhibition method. Due to the intramolecular hydrogen bonds of the side chains, the seven-member heterocycles were formed in graft copolymers. The results showed that the graft copolymers possessed improved scale inhibition performance against Ca3(PO4)2 compared with PASP. The scale inhibition efficiency was close to 100% against Ca3(PO4)2 and CaCO3, when the concentration of PASP/DETA was 15 mg/L and 6 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, its scale inhibition performance was studied in different solution pH and temperature. The CaCO3 and Ca3(PO4)2 crystal turned into irregular shapes with the introduction of PASP/DETA in the solution, which was observed by scanning electron microscopy.

著者

Akihiro Yamasaki

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.4, pp.361-375, 2003 (Released:2004-02-21)

参考文献数

114

被引用文献数

244 295

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CO2 mitigation options have been overviewed from an engineering point of view. There have been proposed a number of mitigation options, which can be divided into three categories; 1. reduction of energy intensity; 2. reduction of carbon intensity; 3. carbon sequestration. In this review paper, various mitigation options are reviewed focusing on the carbon sequestration options.A reduction in energy intensity is essentially an energy saving. A reduction in carbon intensity could be achieved by switching to energy resources with lower carbon contents. Based on the 2001 IPCC report, the mitigation potential related to energy intensity is estimated at 1, 900–2, 600 Mt-C/year in 2010, and 3, 600–5, 050 Mt-C/year in 2020, including other greenhouse gas equivalents. There are additional benefits in implementing these options; they are economically beneficial, and have no associated harmful effects. The carbon sequestration options can be divided into two categories; the enhancement of the natural sinking rates of CO2, and a direct discharge of anthropogenic CO2. The relevant sequestration options in the first category include terrestrial sequestration by vegetation, ocean sequestration by fertilization, and an enhancement of the rock weathering process. In the direct discharge options, the CO2 produced from large point sources, such as thermal power stations, would be captured and separated, then transported and injected either into the ocean or underground. Although the sequestration options are less beneficial in terms of cost per unit CO2 reduction compared to other options, technical developments in sequestration options are necessary for the following reasons; 1. A huge potential capacity for carbon sequestration, 2. carbon sequestration enables a continuous use of fossil fuels, which is unavoidable at the moment, before switching to renewable energy sources. Each sequestration option has advantages and disadvantages in terms of capacity, cost, the time scale of the sequestration, the stability of sequestered CO2, and additional environmental impacts, which depend on the location, time, and amount of sequestration. Thus, reliable evaluations of the mitigation efficiency are essential for each sequestration option upon implementation.

著者

Kazumasa Oshima Masataka Sakamoto Kazumasa Morita Kenichi Kon Ken-ichi Shimizu Tsuyoshi Yamamoto Masahiro Kishida Shigeo Satokawa

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.7, pp.243-247, 2022-07-20 (Released:2022-07-20)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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The effective utilization of carbon fibers recovered during the thermal decomposition recycling of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) was investigated. Carbon fibers have a uniform diameter and a suitable size for the use as a combustion catalyst for particulate matter (PM). Thus, in this study, carbon fibers were used as a template to synthesize hollow-form LaNiO3 perovskite-type oxide via the precursor accumulation method. The calcination temperature was lowered by the internal heat supply from the combustion of the carbon template. Hollow-form LaNiO3 exhibited the same chemical properties as LaNiO3 prepared via the common sol–gel method. The morphology of the hollow form decreased the bulk density of the catalyst, resulting in enhanced contact with PM and, consequently, high PM combustion efficiency.

著者

Weetara Boontham Xinyu Zhang Hiroaki Habaki Ryuichi Egashira

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.181-187, 2022-04-20 (Released:2022-04-20)

参考文献数

27

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The main aim of this study is to remove lignin, which is one of the main colored substance in palm oil mill effluent (POME), by adsorption using activated carbon prepared from palm kernel shell (PKSAC) for POME decolorization in Thailand’s palm industry. First, PKSAC was prepared by a chemical activation method using orthophosphoric acid and the effects of treatment conditions on yield and characteristic of PKSAC were studied. With lower treatment temperature, the yield and specific surface area of PKSAC became higher, and PKSAC with high yield (0.8 at highest) and surface area (1,400×103 m2 kg-AC−1 at highest) could be obtained without extreme elevation of treatment temperature. Second, batch equilibrium adsorption of the model POME containing lignin was conducted using the prepared PKSAC to study the adsorption performance of PKSAC. The obtained PKSAC could effectively adsorb and remove lignin in model POME (fractional removal of 0.4 at highest). The adsorption followed the Langmuir equation and the saturated adsorbed amount was correlated with the specific surface area of PKSAC. Subsequently, the feasibility of PKSAC utilization for POME treatment was discussed by a simple material balance in the palm oil production process based on the yield and adsorption performance of PKSAC obtained in the above experiments. The amount of obtained PKSAC was much larger than that necessary for the removal of all lignin in POME in the process. Consequently, the treatment of POME by PKSAC was proposed as a feasible method to remove lignin for POME decolorization in Thailand’s palm industry.

著者

望月 雅文 高嶋 巌

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

化学工学論文集 (ISSN:0386216X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.487-493, 1982

被引用文献数

2

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羽根幅の異なるタービン撹拌羽根近傍の流れを明らかにするため, 回転カメラと光膜により断層写真観測を行い, 以下の結果を得た. (1) すべてのタービンで, ファンタービンの場合に見られた流れ (ヘリカル流など) が観察された. (2) ヘリカル流が吐出される領域での勇断速度, 角運動量は, 他の領域に比較し著しく大きかった. (3) 羽根旋回域で消費される動力は全動力消費の16~36%であったが, 羽根域での単位体積当りの消費エネルギー速度は槽内の約10~20倍の大きい値であった.またこの速度は<I>B</I>/<I>D</I>=1/4, 1/5 (<I>B</I> : 羽根幅, <I>D</I> : 羽根直径) で最大値を示した。 (4) ヘリカル流領域における流速分布に対する模型を提出した.

著者

中島 隼人 今井 良行 笠原 清司 久保 真治 小貫 薫

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

化学工学論文集 (ISSN:0386216X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.257-260, 2007-05-20

被引用文献数

1 5

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熱化学水素製造法ISプロセスの要素反応であるヨウ素と水の混合系への二酸化硫黄ガス吸収反応について,323 K,ヨウ素飽和条件で,二酸化硫黄分圧の影響を調べた.定圧二酸化硫黄ガス存在下,2相分離(硫酸相とポリヨウ化水素酸相),擬似平衡状態への到達が観察され,同状態におけるポリヨウ化水素酸に対してブンゼン反応の逆反応による理想的脱硫操作を行って得られる溶液の酸濃度(HI/(HI+H₂O))は,高二酸化硫黄分圧の元で高く,最大15.7±0.3 mol%に達した.

著者

Hiromasa Kaneko Kimito Funatsu

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.422-429, 2017-06-20 (Released:2017-06-20)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) is important for monitoring multiple process variables and their relationships while controlling chemical and industrial plants efficiently and stably. Although many MSPC methods have been developed to improve the accuracy of fault detection, noise in the operating data, such as measurement noise and sensor noise, conceals important variations in process variables. This noise makes it difficult to recognize process states, but has not been fully considered in traditional MSPC methods. In this study, to improve the process state recognition performance, we apply several smoothing methods to each process variable. The best smoothing method and its hyperparameters are selected based on the normal distribution and variation of the reduced noise. Through case studies using numerical data and dynamic simulation data from a virtual plant, it is confirmed that the fault detection and identification accuracy are improved using the proposed method, which leads to enhanced state recognition performance.

著者

Athira S. Madhavikutty Seiichi Ohta Arvind K. Singh Chandel Pan Qi Taichi Ito

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.9, pp.500-511, 2021-09-20 (Released:2021-09-20)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

10

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Yield stress fluids, which show reversible gel–sol transition and a decrease in viscosity via shear, are expected for endoscopic applications. However, quantitative analyses of such fluids, including pressure drop during endoscopic catheter delivery and post-delivery dripping, have not yet been conducted from a chemical engineering perspective. In this study, we fabricated an equipment setup comprising an endoscopic catheter and a model gastrointestinal (GI) duct to which different concentrations of three model yield stress fluids, specifically, laponite (LAP), Carbopol (CP), and xanthan gum (XG), were applied and compared. We clarified the tradeoff between the pressure drop through the catheter and dripping on the GI duct model. In terms of operability, LAP performed better than CP and XG. The effect of gravity on dripping, which is greatly affected by the position of a patient, was discussed. Finally, the relationship between the operability and rheological properties such as viscosity, yield stress, and restructuring time of the three materials were quantitatively studied.

著者

峯 浩二 清水 将夫 佐野 耕太郎

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

化学工学論文集 = Kagaku kogaku ronbunshu (ISSN:0386216X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.52-56, 2012-03-20

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 3

---

細胞外へ多糖を産生する<i>Polianthes tuberosa</i>(チューベローズ)カルスについて,多糖産生に対する溶存酸素濃度およびせん断力の影響を評価した.両者を独立して評価する方法として,充填層型リアクターを使用することが有効であった.カルスの酸素消費速度は溶存酸素濃度の上昇とともに増加するが,多糖の産生は7.6 g/m³をピークに減少した.溶存酸素濃度を7.6 g/m³近傍に保った条件の下では,供給する培地が与えるせん断力に対して,多糖の産生は極大値を有した.工業生産において一般的に使用される通気撹拌槽では,7.6 g/m³付近での溶存酸素濃度の制御は可能であり,好ましいせん断力の付与は難しいものの,安定な操作域での運転が可能であった.

著者

Izumi Tsuboi Shigetami Kasai Eiichi Kunugita Isao Komasawa

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.15-20, 1991 (Released:2006-03-20)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

20 27

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A process has been developed to recover gallium and vanadium from coal fly ash in which they exist at very low concentration in a mixture of high concentration of less desirable species. Aqueous solution containing 2.8 mg/l gallium and 35 mg/l vanadium was obtained by leaching with 1.5 mol/l sulfuric acid. These metals were then concentrated by use of a chelating resin column with a functional group of iminodiacetic type after reduction of ferric ion to ferrous ion and pH adjustment. the eluate was conditioned and passed again through the column. Gallium was concentrated to 4.0 g/l and vanadium to 26.0 g/l in the resulting eluate. This liquor was further treated to remove impurities by a solvent extraction technique, employing TOMAC and D2EHPA as extractants. Stripping solutions of 96.6% gallium purity and 94.8% vanadium purity were finally obtained.

著者

KENJI HASHIMOTO MUNEKI YAMADA YOSHIHITO SHIRAI SHUJI ADACHI

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.405-410, 1987-08-20 (Released:2006-04-19)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

24 29

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Continuous glucose/NaCl separation was successfully performed by using a simulated moving-bed adsorber packed with ion-retardant resin. Two kinds of mathematical models, i.e. an intermittent moving-bed model and a continuous moving-bed model, were proposed to calculate concentration profiles in the adsorber where the adsorption isotherms of the first component (NaCl) and the second component (glucose) are represented respectively by the Langmuir equation and by a linear equation. The validity of the calculation methods proposed was experimentally confirmed.

著者

Tetsuya Yamamoto Takahisa Tatekawa Kunihiro Fukui Hideto Yoshida

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.6, pp.398-404, 2011-06-20 (Released:2011-06-20)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

5 5

---

The purpose of the present study was to enhance the classification performance of electrical field-flow fractionation (EFFF). In recent research by this group, the surface potential of silica particles treated with a bead mill displayed size dependency—smaller particles had a more negative zeta potential. This phenomenon and the EFFF system were used to classify the particles, with the bottom and top plates of the EFFF channel serving as negative and positive electrodes, respectively.In the present study, improvements to the EFFF channel were carried out to enhance classification accuracy. Walls of deionized water were utilized to prevent particles from contacting the electrodes. Because vertical electrophoresis led to the disturbance of particle trajectories in the channel by gravitational sedimentation, horizontal electrophoresis was applied. Furthermore, hydrodynamic force was induced in the channel creating differing linear velocities of the slurry and the water at the inlet. As a result, 200-nm particles could be classified at an applied voltage of 5 V with high accuracy when compared with the previous method that used vertical electrophoresis.

著者

Yun Yao Fang-Fei Guo Bo Zhou Shi-Qing Zheng

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.Supplement., pp.s149-s155, 2009-12-30 (Released:2009-12-30)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 3

---

Experimental study has been aimed at examining the flow regimes of gas–liquid in up-flow ejectors by planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technology under air–water and carbon dioxide–water system, the velocity fields by particle image velocimetry (PIV) under carbon dioxide–water system and gaining the bubble photos under air–water system. The conclusions were as follows: (1) The PLIF experimental results showed that in the absence of swirl, the liquid formed and maintained jet in the lower part of ejector and the air flowed up around the liquid jet annularly. At some point along the ejector axis, the jet broke up and the gas dispersed into small bubbles in the liquid. In the presence of swirl, the liquid jet didn’t exist any longer and the two phases interpenetrated and diffused immediately when two phases contact each other. (2) In the PIV measurements, the experimental data showed that at steady state the gas bubbles in the liquid flowed up along the axial direction or paralleled to the wall without swirl. However, the existence of swirl makes the velocity vectors of gas bubbles rotated and flowed up with some extent helicity. (3) The bubble photos showed that at low G/L the bubbles in the presence of swirl form the bubble chain while in the absence of swirl the bubbles disperse uniformly. However, when the G/L ratio increases, the difference in the bubble distribution diminish and the bubble tend to fill of the whole diffuser of the ejector with and without swirl.

著者

Kang Shinee Yoon Poong Lee Won Kook

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.5, pp.469-476, 1989

被引用文献数

4

---

A mathematical model was developed to predict the particle size distribution (PSD) in a steady-state fluidized-bed granulator with selective withdrawal of large particles, and was confirmed through a series of experiments using sodium chloride and sodium sulfate as bed materials. The model was extended from Kunii's PSD model, which was derived only for the backmix-flow fluidized-bed reactor where discharged particles have the same PSD as the materials in the bed.<BR>From batch experiments, operating windows that permit the growth mode to be coating were identified and used in steady-state fluidized-bed granulation experiments.<BR>The segregation factor of materials was obtained from a cold-bed segregation experimental apparatus where large particles were withdrawn selectively through a segregation boot. Using this segregation factor, the steady-state PSD was calculated by computer simulation. It was found from the simulation that as the input flow rate of seed particles increases, average particle size of bed material and output flow rate of grown material decrease.<BR>It was also demonstrated that the simulation results was in good agreement with experimental results obtained from a 10 cm-diameter steady-state fluidized-bed granulation system.

著者

Hajime Eguchi Tomomi Aoyama Kohei Seki Ichiro Koshijima

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.7, pp.673-679, 2016-07-20 (Released:2016-07-20)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

In the chemical industry, the components of the production process are 1) production plant personnel, 2) the production unit, and 3) the production support system (PSS). These elements are the sources of process resilience. Resilience refers to the capability to restrain the disruptive signals that occur inside and outside the production process. The resilience always changes and its deterioration invites various influences that disturb the production activities. Therefore, it is necessary to observe, maintain, and improve the resilience to maintain productivity. However, quantitative estimation of resilience has not been attempted yet, because estimating the resilience can be difficult. The reasons are 1) the sources of resilience are not clear, 2) the scale of estimation is not specific, and 3) the object to be restrained is not apparent. In this paper, a metric, criterion of measurement, and method for quantitative estimation of resilience in a PSS in the production process are proposed. The procedure to estimate the resilience is as follows. First, the skills of the production plant personnel are classified into three categories: operational, memory, and communication skills. Next, the work hours of production plant personnel in the daily routine are measured, and based on these data, the work hours devoted to each skill (WHDS) are estimated to obtain the value of the skills (VOS). The value of the skills is the criterion used to estimate the skill of the production plant personnel, and this value includes the level of the skills and the knowledge of the production plant personnel. As each function of the PSS is implemented instead of the skills of the production plant personnel, it is possible to obtain replaceable work hours devoted to the skills by PSS. Therefore, based on the level of the skills and knowledge replaced by the PSS in the daily routine of the production plant personnel, the resilience produced by the PSS can be estimated.

著者

Hajime Eguchi Tomomi Aoyama Kohei Seki Donal O'Donovan Ichiro Koshijima

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.35-41, 2016-01-20 (Released:2016-01-20)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 2

---

The products and the capacity of production in the production process in the chemical industry depend on the design specification of the units. And many disruptions exist on the production process. Therefore, a company that aims to maximize the profit from the operation of a production process needs to restrain the influence of disruptive signals, and the capacity of the production process to restrain their negative effects is called the resilience. To maintain productivity, the company must improve the resilience. In this paper, the authors propose a metric for the quantitative estimation of resilience based on the skills and knowledge of production plant personnel on the production process in the chemical industry using the value of skills estimated quantitatively by the real measured value of skills of production plant personnel working at the production process. The value of skills is composed of the proficiency (level of skills and knowledge) and the labor efficiency (work hours devoted to skills), and it is possible 1) to estimate the averaged resilience of a work team by the potential capability of production plant personnel to compare the resilience of several production process, and 2) to know the change or trend of resilience in a single production process. It is possible to evaluate the metric of resilience commonly no matter what kind of process or number of the production plant personnel.

著者

Hiroyasu Sato Norihito Doki Masaaki Yokota Kenji Shimizu Shingo Yano

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.11, pp.903-908, 2015-11-20 (Released:2015-11-20)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

---

A new optical resolution method is proposed in which one enantiomer of a racemic mixture is replaced with a tailor-made additive, and the displaced enantiomer is crystallized. DL-Aspartic acid (Asp) was examined as a model racemic compound. First, L-Asp crystallization was examined in the presence of L-asparagine (Asn) or D-Asn. The effect of Asn was chirality-specific; L-Asn specifically replaced some of the L-Asp in the crystal lattice and solid solutions of L-Asp with L-Asn formed. Secondly, DL-Asp crystallization was examined in the presence of L-Asn, and the obtained crystals were solid solutions of DL-Asp with L-Asn partially replacing L-Asp in the DL-Asp crystal lattice. Finally, crystallization of the L-Asp in the filtrate of the DL-Asp crystallization in the presence of L-Asn was examined. The obtained crystals were a mixture of solid solutions of L-Asp with L-Asn and solid solutions of DL-Asp with L-Asn. Moreover, when D-Asn was added to the DL-Asp crystallization, a mixture of solid solutions of D-Asp with D-Asn and solid solutions of DL-Asp with D-Asn was crystallized from the filtrate. These results show that racemic compounds could be resolved by the proposed method.

著者

Fernanda Miyuki Kashiwagi Yoshihiro Ojima Masahito Taya

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.264-268, 2018-03-20 (Released:2018-03-20)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2

---

Cofactor regulation for the production of reduced metabolites, such as ethanol, plays an important role in the metabolic pathways of microorganisms. In this study, the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio in the ethanologenic strain Escherichia coli KO11 was increased by the overexpression of formate dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium vaccae. To avoid the generation of pyruvate-derived byproducts, genes coding for the lactate- and acetate-producing pathways were successfully deleted using genome editing based on the CRISPR-Cas9 system. In the culture of the constructed strain, the NADH regeneration system increased the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio in the presence of formate, leading to enhanced ethanol production; the amount of ethanol produced was 36% more than that produced by the original KO11 strain in culture for 24 h. A detailed investigation revealed that the transient pyruvate accumulation plays a key role in the enhanced ethanol production using the NADH regeneration system.

著者

水谷 昌孝 峯元 雅樹 平尾 雅士

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

化学工学論文集 (ISSN:0386216X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.23-30, 1990

被引用文献数

3

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シクロヘキサノン (以下アノンと略す) 含有ガスを対象とした溶剤回収装置においては, アノンの反応性が高いことおよび活性炭の持つ触媒作用により活性炭層で発熱や着火というトラブルが発生しやすい.そのため, 活性炭の着火に関する基礎実験を行い, 着火の可能性およびその防止法を検討した.この結果, 活性炭の着火の原因と考えられるアノンのCO<SUB>2</SUB>およびCOへ酸化分解反応に関し代表的活性炭について反応速度定数および活性化エネルギーを得た.また, 活性炭の着火を抑制するには, (1) アノン回収用として開発された半径1nm以上のボアに富み, アノンの分解作用の低い活性炭を使用すること, (2) プラント停止時は脱着を極力完全に行い, その際槽内をN<SUB>2</SUB>等の不活性ガスで置換すること, (3) 吸・脱着時における空気あるいは水蒸気流れの均一化を図り, 活性炭層内に温度分布および残留アノン量の極端な分布を生じさせないこと等が効果的であることがわかった.

著者

久保田 徳昭 河上 忠男

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

化学工学論文集 (ISSN:0386216X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.5, pp.444-449, 1977

被引用文献数

1

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確率変数である待ち時間の分布が, 200本のガラスアンプルに封入した, 濾過してない溶液を用いて測定された.<BR>この待ち時間の分布が, 濾過の核発生抑制効果を定量的に検討するために, 著者らの確率論的モデルにより解析され, 前報の濾過溶液の分布と比較されている.<BR>その結果, 濾過の核発生抑制効果は上記モデルにおける2種類の活性点の数の減少に帰着され, そして待ち時間の期待値<I>E</I> (θ) の増加となって現れている.<BR>孔径0.3μのメンブランフィルターを使用した時, 第1種および第2種の活性点の数はそれぞれ, おおよそ1/30および1/60に減少した.この変化は, たとえば過飽和度の対数, log (<I>c/c</I><SUP>*</SUP>) =0.180の点では, <I>E</I> (θ) の約1,000倍の増加となった.<BR>さらに, θ<SUB>ω</SUB> (光田らの待ち時間) のlog (<I>c/c</I><SUP>*</SUP>) 依存性は, θ<SUB>ω</SUB>と<I>E</I> (θ) の挙動の類似性から, 活性点の数に関係していると推論されている.活性点は, 溶液中の固体不純物上にあると考えられている.