3 0 0 0 OA 各種スポーツ選手における下肢の筋力およびパワー発揮に関する特性
- 著者
- 図子 浩二 高松 薫 古藤 高良
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本体育学会
- 雑誌
- 体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.38, no.4, pp.265-278, 1993-11-01 (Released:2017-09-27)
- 被引用文献数
- 9 17
This study clarified the specificity of leg strength and power in several sport athletes. To accomplish this purpose, a new physical fitness test was developed to evaluate the capacity for the ballistic and stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) movements. 1. The drop jump (DJ), a typical SSC movement was used in this test. A few experiments were performed to determine the best dropping height and jumping technique of DJ in 10 college male athletes. These results showed the best method of DJ was rebound DJ with small angular displacement of the knee from 0.3 m beause of appearing the shortest contact time and the longest air time, and being ballistic and safe movement. 2. Average force[F_<index> ={(t_a)/2 + (2・h_d/g)^<1/2>}/(t_c + 1)], average Power[P_<index> ={g・(t_a/2)^2 - 2・h_d}/ (2・t_c)]and the capacity to jump higher within shorter contact time[DJ_<index> = (1/8・g・t_a^2) /t_c]are calculated by using contact time (t_c) , air time (t_a) and dropping height (h_d) of DJ, and g (9.81 m/s^2). Interrelationships between DJ_<index> F_<index>, P_<index> t_c and t_a were examined in 93 male athletes of 14 sport events. These results showed the best index was DJ_<index> because of reflecting both F_<index> and P_<index>, and t_c and t_a. 3. The specificity of leg strength and power was investigated by comparing with DJ_<index> height of counter movement jump (CMJ-H) and maximum strength exerted by squat posture at 90°of knee angle (S-MAX) in 93 male athletes of 14 sport events. This result showed all sport athletes were grouped into A, B and C type. Jumper and sprinter, gymnast and kendo atheletes belonged to A type which showed the character of large in order of DJ_<index>, CMJ-H and S-MAX. Skater, ski jumper and swimmer belonged to B type which showed contrary character of A type. Ball game player and long distance runner belonged to C type which did not show difference among them. But excellent players for jump and footwork in ball games showed the same character as jumper and sprinter. These results lead to the conclusion that we should evaluate not only the general leg strength and power but also the capacity for the ballistic and SSC movement by measuring DJ_<index> when coaches scout for sport talents and athletes practice the training according to specificity of strength and power. It should also be added that DJ_<index> is a practical index which can be simply and exactly measured by using matswitch.
2 0 0 0 OA 指尖加速度脈波と血圧および細動脈弾性率との関係に関する研究
- 著者
- 本間 幸子 伊藤 昭治 古藤 高良 池上 晴夫
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人日本体力医学会
- 雑誌
- 体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.41, no.1, pp.98-107, 1992-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)
- 参考文献数
- 23
- 被引用文献数
- 2 6
加速度脈波と血圧の関係および加速度脈波の各波の生理的な意義を明らかにすることを目的として, 男子学生5名を対象に, 上腕圧迫によって末稍血流が変化する際の指尖容積脈波, その二次微分波および指動脈圧波をbeat-by-beatに測定した.得られた結果は以下の通りであった.1.収縮期血圧の上昇によって加速度脈波のa波は上昇し, bおよびe波は下降するのに対して, 拡張期血圧の増大によってa波は下降し, bおよびe波は上昇する傾向にあった.また加速度脈波は細動脈弾性率によっても大きな影響を受け, 弾性率がノ1丶さいほどa波は上昇し, bおよびe波は下降する傾向にあった.2.加速度脈波のcおよびd波は収縮期血圧の上昇によって下降し, 拡張期血圧および細動脈弾性率の増大によって上昇する傾向があるが, それらの3要因では十分に説明できず, ほかに影響をおよぼす要因の存在が示唆された.3.収縮期血圧が上昇する場合でも, それが血流量の増加に起因する場合には加速度脈波の波形パターンはG→Aに変化するのに対し, それが末梢抵抗の増加に起因する場合にはA→Gに変化するものと考えられた.これらの結果から加速度脈波と血圧の関係は単純でなく, 血圧構成因子である血流量や末梢抵抗によって大きく影響される.したがって加速度脈波と血圧を併せて測定することが末稍循環状態をより正しく評価する上で有効であると考えられる.
