著者

蔭山 雅洋 鈴木 智晴 藤井 雅文 中本 浩揮 和田 智仁 前田 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.517-535, 2016 (Released:2016-12-14)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2 5

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the profiles of lower limb and trunk motion during baseball pitching in relation to differences between the mound and the flat ground, and to determine the motion characteristics while pitching from the 2 locations.  The subjects were 12 baseball pitchers (age 18.6±2.5 yr, height 173.4±6.5 cm, weight 74.7±11.0 kg) who belonged to high school or university baseball teams. Three-dimensional positions of 36 reflective markers attached to each subject were tracked by an optical motion capture system (Mac3D System) with 12 cameras. The ground-reaction forces (GRF) of the pivot and stride legs during pitching were determined using 2 multicomponent force plates. Pitching motion was divided into two phases: phase 1 was defined as the period from when the knee of the stride leg reached maximal height (MKH: 0%time) until the point when the stride foot made contact with the ground (SFC: 100%time), while phase 2 was defined as the period from the SFC until the point when the ball was released (REL: 200%time). Ball velocity was measured using a radar gun.  The results were as follows: 1) The maximum and average ball velocities were significantly higher when pitching was performed from the mound than from the flat ground (p<0.05). 2) Hip/knee flexion angles and hip abduction/extension angular velocities on the pivot leg were significantly greater for mound pitching than for flat ground pitching, and the hip/knee extension angle and hip adduction/internal rotation/flexion angular velocities on the stride leg were significantly greater for the former (p<0.05). 3) The GRF of the stride leg was significantly greater for mound pitching than for flat ground pitching (p<0.01). 4) Upper torso and pelvis angle/angular velocities at SFC and the maximum pelvis, upper torso and trunk tilt angular velocities were significantly greater for mound pitching than for flat ground pitching (p<0.05).  The present results indicate that baseball pitchers show biomechanical differences in the kinematic and kinetic profiles of the trunk and lower limbs when pitching from the mound in comparison with the flat ground, and that high school or collegiate baseball pitchers can increase their pitched ball velocity by using the height of the mound.

著者

荒金 英樹 巨島 文子 神山 順 豊田 義貞 堀 哲史 松本 史織 八田 理絵 仁田 美由希 山田 圭子 樋口 眞宏 山口 明浩 草野 由紀 関 道子 永見 慎介 華井 明子 竹浪 祐介 森野 彰人 樹山 敏子 和田 智仁 村田 篤彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本静脈経腸栄養学会

雑誌

日本静脈経腸栄養学会雑誌 (ISSN:21890161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.5, pp.1095-1100, 2015 (Released:2015-10-20)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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京都では食を支える地域作りを目的に様々な連携体制の構築に取り組んでいる。医科歯科連携体制として「京都府口腔サポートセンター」、京都市山科区での多職種連携を目指した「山科地域ケア愛ステーション」、京都府、滋賀県での食支援を目的とした「京滋摂食嚥下を考える会」を紹介する。京滋摂食嚥下を考える会では地域連携の基盤として嚥下調整食共通基準の導入と独自に作成した「摂食・嚥下連絡票」を提案、京都府基準として関連職能団体等の承認を得た。この基盤を背景に、地域連携を促進するため、研修会や調理実習を各地で開催している。また、京料理をはじめとした京都の伝統食関連産業の団体と連携し、介護食を地域の食文化と発展させる活動も展開している。平成27年度からは京都府医師会などの職能団体の協力のもと、府内各地での多職種、施設間連携を促進させるため、市民向けの食支援相談窓口を設置、府民の食支援と啓蒙活動を計画している。

著者

蔭山 雅洋 鈴木 智晴 杉山 敬 和田 智仁 前田 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.87-102, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

4 3

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between ball velocity and the mechanical power of the lower limbs during pitching motion in 30 collegiate baseball pitchers. 3-dimensional positions of 37 reflective markers attached to the subject were tracked by an optical motion capture system (Mac3D System) with 12 cameras. The ground-reaction forces (GRF) of the pivot and stride legs during pitching were determined using 2 multicomponent force plates. Pitching motion was assessed in terms of the joint torques, joint torque powers and work done by each of joint in the lower limbs using a three-dimensional motion system. The joint torques of the hip, knee, and ankle were calculated using inverse-dynamics computation of a musculoskeletal human model (nMotion musculous 1.51). Pitching motion was divided into 2 phases: phase 1 was defined as the time taken from the knee of the stride leg reaching maximal height (MKH, 0%time) to the stride foot making contact with the ground (SFC, 100%time), and phase 2 was defined as the time taken from SFC to the ball being released (REL, 200%time).  These studies revealed that the positive work resulting from hip abduction (r=0.401) and knee extension (r=0.355) of the pivot leg (Phase 1) was positively correlated with ball velocity (p<0.05). The positive work resulting from hip adduction (r=0.359) and knee extension (r=0.409) of the stride leg (Phase 2) was positively correlated with ball velocity (p<0.05). In addition, the pitched ball velocity was positively correlated with pivot hip abduction torque at 74–94%time, pivot hip internal rotation torque at 76–89%time, stride hip adduction torque at 96–114%time, stride hip adduction torque power at 108–114%time, stride knee extension torque at 101–131%time, stride knee extension angular velocities at 158–189%time, and stride knee extension torque power at 156–174%time (p<0.05).   These results indicate that a pitcher with high pitched ball velocity can generate hip abduction and knee extension power of the pivot leg, and that these are increased by hip abduction and hip internal rotation torque when moving the body forward before stride foot contact. In addition, it is suggested that high-ball-velocity pitchers can generate hip abduction and knee extension torque in order to stabilize the body just after stride foot contact, and that these are increased by the knee extension power for increasing trunk rotation and trunk twisting from the first half to the middle of the second phase.   Therefore, the present results indicate that pitchers with a higher ball velocity can generate greater mechanical power of the lower limbs for increasing the energy of trunk rotation and the arm.

著者

蔭山 雅洋 鈴木 智晴 杉山 敬 和田 智仁 前田 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14061, (Released:2015-03-17)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

5 3

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between ball velocity and the mechanical power of the lower limbs during pitching motion in 30 collegiate baseball pitchers. Three-dimensional positions of 37 reflective markers attached to the subject were tracked by an optical motion capture system (Mac3D System) with 12 cameras. The ground-reaction forces (GRF) of the pivot and stride legs during pitching were determined using two multicomponent force plates. Pitching motion was assessed in terms of the joint torques, joint torque powers and work done by each of joint in the lower limbs using a three-dimensional motion system. The joint torques of the hip, knee, and ankle were calculated using inverse-dynamics computation of a musculoskeletal human model (nMotion musculous 1.51). Pitching motion was divided into two phases: phase 1 was defined as the time taken from the knee of the stride leg reaching maximal height (MKH; 0%time) to the stride foot making contact with the ground (SFC; 100%time), and phase 2 was defined as the time taken from SFC to the ball being released (REL; 200%time).  These studies revealed that the positive work resulting from hip abduction (r=0.401) and knee extension (r=0.355) of the pivot leg (Phase 1) was positively correlated with ball velocity (p<0.05). The positive work resulting from hip adduction (r=0.359) and knee extension (r=0.409) of the stride leg (Phase 2) was positively correlated with ball velocity (p<0.05). In addition, the pitched ball velocity was positively correlated with pivot hip abduction torque at 74-94%time, pivot hip internal rotation torque at 76-89%time, stride hip adduction torque at 96-114%time, stride hip adduction torque power at 108-114%time, stride knee extension torque at 101-131%time, stride knee extension angular velocities at 158-189%time, and stride knee extension torque power at 156-174%time (p<0.05).  These results indicate that a pitcher with high pitched ball velocity can generate hip abduction and knee extension power of the pivot leg, and that these are increased by hip abduction and hip internal rotation torque when moving the body forward before stride foot contact. In addition, it is suggested that high-ball-velocity pitchers can generate hip abduction and knee extension torque in order to stabilize the body just after stride foot contact, and that these are increased by the knee extension power for increasing trunk rotation and trunk twisting from the first half to the middle of the second phase.  Therefore, the present results indicate that pitchers with a higher ball velocity can generate greater mechanical power of the lower limbs for increasing the energy of trunk rotation and the arm.

著者

恒吉 玲代 永山 寛 涌井 佐和子 浜岡 隆文 齋藤 和人 前田 明 図子 浩二 井上 尚武 和田 智仁 隅野 美砂輝 荻田 太 吉武 裕

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.433-442, 2008-08-01

被引用文献数

4 6

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There have so far been no studies examining the physical fitness and physical activity (PA), measured using objective measures, in homebound elderly people. The purpose of this study was to examine physical fitness levels and PA patterns and evaluate their relationships in homebound elderly people. In 2004, a total of 3964 community-dwelling elderly aged 65 years and over participated in a base line survey. The subject data were directly collected by in-home interviewer. Subjects were defined as being homebound if they went outdoors less than once a week. However, the subjects who could not go out without assistance due to sickness and/or disability were excluded from the analysis. In 2005, 38 homebound (22 men, 16 women) and 70 non-homebound (33 men, 37 women) older adults who participated in the base line survey were selected. Measurements of physical fitness levels and PA patterns measured using an accelerometer, were taken in 2005. The total steps per day did not significantly differ between homebound and non-homebound men and women. The time spent in 1.8 METs activity (corresponding to activity level 1 of the accelerometer) was significantly higher in women than in men for non-homebound and homebound, respectively. The time spent in lower-, moderate-, and high-intensity PA did not significantly differ between homebound and non-homebound men and women, respectively. Handgrip strength, knee extensor strength, leg extensor power, stepping and maximum walking speed were significantly higher in non-homebound than in homebound men and women. These results suggest that the physical fitness levels of homebound were lower than those of non-homebound, but no difference was observed in the PA levels between homebound and non-homebound.