文献一覧: 坪田祐 (著者)

41 0 0 0 OA ビッグ・ファイブ・パーソナリティ特性の年齢差と性差:大規模横断調査による検討

著者: 川本哲也小塩真司阿部晋吾坪田祐基平島太郎伊藤大幸谷伊織
出版者: 一般社団法人日本発達心理学会
雑誌: 発達心理学研究 (ISSN:09159029)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.26, no.2, pp.107-122, 2015 (Released:2017-06-20)
参考文献数: 73
被引用文献数: 19

本研究の目的は,大規模社会調査のデータを横断的研究の観点から二次分析することによって,ビッグ・ファイブ・パーソナリティ特性に及ぼす年齢と性別の影響を検討することであった。分析対象者は4,588名(男性2,112名,女性2,476名)であり,平均年齢は53.5歳(SD=12.9,23–79歳)であった。分析の対象とされた尺度は,日本語版Ten Item Personality Inventory(TIPI-J;小塩・阿部・カトローニ,2012)であった。年齢と性別,それらの交互作用項を独立変数,ビッグ・ファイブの5つの側面を従属変数とした重回帰分析を行ったところ,次のような結果が得られた。協調性と勤勉性については年齢の線形的な効果が有意であり,年齢に伴って上昇する傾向が見られた。外向性と開放性については性別の効果のみ有意であり,男性よりも女性の外向性が高く,開放性は低かった。神経症傾向については年齢の線形的効果と性別との交互作用が有意であり,若い年齢では男性よりも女性の方が高い得点を示した。

2 0 0 0 OA 被災患者動線シミュレーションによる緊急医療救護所の建築計画的研究その 2:東京湾北部地震の被災患者数予測における災害拠点病院の面積規模に基づく考察

著者: 江川香奈小島督弘坪田祐江文菁安藤繁山下哲郎
出版者: 日本建築学会
雑誌: 日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.87, no.797, pp.1124-1129, 2022-07-01 (Released:2022-07-01)
参考文献数: 15

Based on a simulation of casualties potentially affected by a Northern Tokyo Bay Earthquake, we examined the limits and possibilities of medical relief activities and building space at disaster base hospitals. Considering casualty numbers over time, we determined details about the overall space required to deal with affected patients based on degree of urgency and ascertained the needs of each area. We found that the yellow area (for high-risk patients) was relatively large; however, it was also found that affected patients remained and continued to accumulate in the red (critical) area for some time after the disaster.

2022-12-14 17:55:24
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1 0 0 0 IR ドット・プローブ課題を用いた完全主義と選択的注意との関連の検討 : 対人場面完全主義関連語を用いて

著者: 坪田祐基石井秀宗野口裕之 TSUBOTA Yuki ISHII Hidetoki NOGUCHI Hiroyuki
出版者: 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科
雑誌: 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科紀要. 心理発達科学 (ISSN:13461729)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.63, pp.47-56, 2016

Perfectionism is the striving for flawlessness, and extreme perfectionists are people who want to be perfect in all aspects of their lives. It is known that perfectionism is related to a number of psychological and physiological problems, such as apathy, neurosis, alcoholism and anorexia nervosa. A number of studies have investigated the relationship between perfectionism and maladaptation. Recent studies have suggested that perfectionists have certain cognitive biases, including selective attention to failure, which is particularly problematic. The few previous investigations of this problem based on the social cognitive paradigm had the shortcomings that the used task was limited to the emotional Stroop task, and used stimulus words were only negative perfectionism-related words (failure-related words). In order to overcome these problems, relationships between perfectionism and selective attentions to success- or failure-related words were investigated with the dot-probe task. The result indicated moderate correlations between perfectionism and selective attention to both success- and failure- related words in males, whereas little correlation was found in females. However, success- and failurerelated words used in that study were associated with the task situation (e.g., "correct", "achieving," "mistake," and "error"), which are familiar to male, but not to female perfectionists. Therefore, it is still unclear if the above result was caused by the fact that female perfectionists did not pay attention to successes and failures, or that the words used were not familiar to females. In order to resolve this issue, this study employed the dot-probe task and words related to social situations and investigated relationships between perfectionism and selective attentions. Undergraduates (N = 100, 50 female and 50 male) were asked to perform the dot-probe task and complete self-report questionnaires. In the dotprobe task, participants first focused on a central fixation cross that was shown on a computer screen. It was replaced by two stimuli after 500ms, which were displayed one above the other. For example, the screen displayed a word related to success in social situations and a neutral word. These words disappeared after 500 ms, and a symbol appeared on the screen replacing one or the other word. Participants should respond to the shape of this symbol as fast as possible. If a participant had tendency to pay more attention to such words related to social situations, reaction time to the words would be shorter when the symbol replaced a word related to social situations compared to when it replaced a neutral word. Three kinds of stimuli were used. The first group was words related to successful social situations such as "compromise" and "closeness". The second group was words related to failures in social situations such as "isolation" and "friction". The third group was neutral words such as "pencil" and "weather. Self-reporting questionnaires were also administered: Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP) items in the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), the Multidimensional Self-oriented Perfectionism Scale (MSPS), and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognition Inventory (MPCI). Ratio of reaction time in neutral condition (neutral words vs. neutral words) to that in conditions including social situations related words (e.g., social situation failure- vs. neutral words) was computed as an index of selective attention. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients between this index and perfectionism scale scores showed almost no significant correlations in both males and females. These results suggest that perfectionists do not pay attention to success- or failure words in social situations. Sex differences in relationships between perfectionism and maladaptation in social situations would be caused by other factors such as behavior and consciousness.

2021-05-07 15:28:20
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1 0 0 0 OA 完全主義と選択的注意における定位バイアス・解放困難バイアスとの関連

著者: 坪田祐基石井秀宗
出版者: 公益社団法人日本心理学会
雑誌: 心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.90, no.2, pp.137-146, 2019 (Released:2019-06-27)
参考文献数: 23
被引用文献数: 1

This study aimed to investigate relationships between perfectionism and selective attentional engagement and disengagement biases to success- and failure-related words. Seventy-five undergraduates (33 male and 42 female) were asked to perform modified dot-probe tasks and to complete items in the Multidimensional Self-oriented Perfectionism Scale. The modified dot-probe tasks contained four kinds of stimuli such as success-related words, failure-related words, neutral words, and non-words. Using this task, selective attentional engagement and disengagement biases to success- and failure-related words were measured. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients between the selective attentional bias and perfectionism scale scores were observed. As a result, several relationships were found in males: personal standards positively correlated with disengagement bias to failure-related words; concern over mistakes positively correlated with engagement bias to failure-related words; and doubting of actions positively correlated with engagement bias to success-related words. These results suggest that male perfectionists have selective attentional engagement and disengagement biases to success or failure, and that each dimension of perfectionism is related to engagement bias and disengagement bias differently.