著者

大佛 俊泰 山田 百合子 金子 弘幸

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.778, pp.2591-2599, 2020 (Released:2020-12-30)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, a model describing pedestrian behavior was constructed, and estimated using the behavior monitoring survey data (behavior data), which was conducted on a university campus square. We analyzed behavioral characteristics and factors of various choice behaviors. Specific results are as follows. (1) First, we conducted a pedestrian behavior monitoring survey on a university campus square using multiple video cameras. In order to convert the pedestrians' position coordinates on the still screen extracted from the video images into position coordinates on a two-dimensional plane, a novel method was developed based on the neural network model, and detailed pedestrian behavior monitoring survey data including attribute information was created. Using this behavior data, we performed a basic analysis on the pedestrian behavior, and clarified the characteristics of pedestrians' destinations and selected routes. (2) Next, we constructed a multinomial logit model that describes the behavior of selecting canteens as a destination, the behavior of selecting a place to stay at the campus square, and the behavior of selecting routes when moving. Each model was estimated using the behavior data, and good description accuracy was confirmed for each model. The estimated parameters of each model showed that the floor area of canteen has a strong effect when selecting a canteen, the positional relationship with the shortest path affects the choice of staying place, and that the resistance of walking distance is affecting route choice. Furthermore, by estimating models for each group size of pedestrians walking together, it was shown that a group with larger number of pedestrians select a canteen with the larger floor area of canteen due to the possibility of available chairs and tables. (3) Finally, we integrated the models and simulated the pedestrian behavior to estimate the pedestrian behavior in the entire university campus square. By comparing the frequency of traffic in each passage based on the behavior data, it was shown that the behavior of pedestrians in the entire square is accurately estimated by the pedestrian behavior simulation. The future development and issues of this model are summarized as follows. Although the model constructed in this paper was able to describe the behavior data of the specific university campus square, it has not been verified yet whether it can be applied to other university campus squares. If the season or weather are different, the behavioral characteristics are expected to be significantly different. It is our future work to study the applicability and expandability of the models by increasing observation data. Furthermore, in this paper, destination points other than the canteens were directly estimated from the selection ratio obtained from the behavior data without modeling. It is necessary to extend the models to a simulation that can describe more detailed pedestrian selection behavior. Finally, the current model does not consider the interaction among pedestrians (such as overtaking, avoiding, and passing). It is necessary to improve the model so that it takes into account the influence of other pedestrians.

著者

大佛 俊泰 小川 健一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.576, pp.101-107, 2004-02-28 (Released:2017-02-09)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 4

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Our regional images are composed of many evaluations about the various kinds of elements or activities within different regions. In quantitative terms, the extraction of regional images is difficult. In this paper, we focus on a phenomenon in which a part of regional image is reflected in the names of buildings. In the first instance, a model based on the random utility theory is constructed to describe the spatial distribution of buildings names. Secondly, the proposed model is calibrated using actual data from the city of Tokyo (Setagaya Ward), and the effects of such regional elements or activities on regional images are then estimated. Finally, values for the regional images are quantitatively estimated and their spatial distribution is represented on a map.

著者

大佛 俊泰 沖 拓弥 岸本 まき

出版者

東京工業大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2017-04-01

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災害発生後の混乱や群集事故等の二次的被害を低減するためには,まず,「どのような人(年齢・性別・職業)が,いつ(季節・曜日・時刻),どこで(場所・施設),何を(滞留・移動目的)しているのか」という,都市内滞留者・移動者の精緻な人口動態を推計し,これを用いた群集の誘導や制御を行うことが必要である。本研究課題では,複数の人口動態データを組み合わせることで,詳細な属性情報を備えた精緻な都市内滞留者・移動者に関するデータベースを生成する方法を構築し,大地震発生後の流動人口を予測するシミュレーションモデルを開発することで,被害・混乱の抑制方策を支援するための技術を開発した。

著者

林 祐光 大佛 俊泰

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.812, pp.2675-2681, 2023-10-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

---

We surveyed construction company employees to explore how their seating environment impacts workplace and organizational evaluations, work ease, and job satisfaction. The results showed that “privacy” and “proximity” had direct and indirect effects on “group cohesiveness/clan culture,” “workspace productivity,” “workspace satisfaction,” and “job satisfaction,” and “privacy” has greater effects than “proximity”. We demonstrated that the evaluation of the office seating environment influence and mediate the evaluation of the organization and the ease of performing one’s duties, as well as job satisfaction, and that the strength of these influences varies greatly depending on what the purpose is.

著者

ツアン イリ 大佛 俊泰

出版者

一般社団法人 地理情報システム学会

雑誌

GIS-理論と応用 (ISSN:13405381)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.57-67, 2018-12-31 (Released:2020-12-31)

参考文献数

41

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To improve the hazard map of the inland water in the urban area, a few flooding images were given based on simulation data by NILIM2.0. Four conditions of the torrential rain had been simulated to Jakuzure district in Setagaya ward. For reliability improvement of inland water hazard map, the state of drainage function at the time of a flood has to be visualized, to offer a flood dynamic image. And administrative agency has to keep renewing the data base according to the progress on urban development. For the education of disaster prevention, the electronic media such as 3D images of flood simulations should be introduced.

著者

青木 義次 永井 明子 大佛 俊泰

出版者

Geographic Information Systems Association

雑誌

GIS-理論と応用 (ISSN:13405381)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.11-21, 1993-03-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1 2

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It is a fundamental process of urban planning to determine the planning area or to divide the area into the zones in which the tendency on urban activities at each place is similar to others. The area dividing process can be formulated as a minimization problem of the sum of the generalized distance. This problem can be numerically solved by using Hopfiled Network which is a basic model of neural network theory.Applying the proposed method to the actual urban lattice data, we can obtain divided zones.

著者

大佛 俊泰 土屋 拓也

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.739, pp.2325-2333, 2017 (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

---

Establishing a disaster mitigation planning is an urgent issue in Japan where people are facing the high risk of a devastating earthquake. We need to utilize various information for supporting quick and safe wide-area evacuation. This is especially important for densely built-up wooden residential areas where many building collapse and big fires are presumed. For instance, the locational information and the route information of evacuation areas will contribute for quick and safe evacuation. Also, the information of the fire-spreading and street-blockages is expected to reduce the risk of fire-exposure. As the means to obtain the information such as fire-spreading or street-blockages, Social Network Services (SNS) by portable terminals will have the great potential. They might enable us to acquire various and real-time information efficiently and effectively. However, there are many issues to be discussed for acturalizing the evacuation surpport system by SNS. These include the quality and accuracy of information and robustness of the information network. Under the situation with difficulty in using SNS and in getting the information through portable terminals, not only bulletin boards but also the information-hearsay among evacuees are expected to play an important role. Even if the information is scattered by the information-hearsay between evacuees, however, incorrect information may be generated and adversely affect on evacuation. We need to investigate the influence of information-hearsay on wide-area evacuation in a situation of the incorrect information outbreak, for realizing quick and safe evacuation. In this paper, we construct a model that describes the information-hearsay and the wide-area evacuation behavior of evacuees immediately after a large earthquake occurs. Using the model, we evaluate quantitatively the effects of the information-hearsay on evacuation time and safety of evacuation routes. The principal novel findings about the influence of information-hearsay on wide-area evacuation are as follows; (1) In areas where most people are unfamiliar with geographical information, the unuseful information is repeatly exchanged through the information-hearsay of evacuees. This is because that the limited number of people have correct information about the locational information of evacuation areas. As a result, the evacuation time and the risk of evacuation may increase. (2) If a few guides who are familiar with areas start guidance immediately after a large earthquake occurs, the correct information spreads through the information-hearsay between evacuees and may greatly reduce the evacuation time and the risk of evacuation. (3) If the guides share the information each other, they can instruct and support evacuees using the latest and wide-area information, and not only the risk of evacuees but also the risk of themselves can be reduced. Next, we construct a model that describes the process of the generation of incorrect information by the misrecognition in order to inspect how the incorrect information affects on the wide-area evacuation, and obtain some new findings as follows; (1) In case of high probability of misrecognition, the incorrect information around the evacuation areas spreads out and may affect on the wide-area evacuation, since many evacuees need the information around the evacuation areas. (2) In areas where population density is high, the correct information is scattered and evacuation becomes effective. However, under the condition in which much incorrect information is generated, it is scattered rapidly and immediately after a large earthquake occurs, and this results in affecting on the evacuation time and the risks of evacuation.

著者

大佛 俊泰

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.593, pp.117-122, 2005-07-30 (Released:2017-02-11)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

4 2

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A model that can generate compact and intelligible route guidance maps is essential for distributing efficient information on pedestrian route guidance through mobile terminals. In this research, we focus on the fact that the existing route guidance maps have been prepared by considering the characteristics of people's spatial cognition. By analyzing which roads and buildings are represented in the existing maps, i.e., which map elements are important and necessary for pedestrian route guidance, we construct a model that can extract key map elements from the geographical database. The route guidance maps generated by the proposed model are shown and evaluated in comparison with the existing maps.

著者

青木 義次 湯浅 義晴 大佛 俊泰

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.457, pp.125-132, 1994-03-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

13 24

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According to the Heider's theory on a human relation and an object, the good relation between two habitants is achieved when their evaluations to commodity are same. This theoretical assertion is accepted by the results of the surveys on the extensions of private commodities in alley-space. Also, the results show that the possibility of the occurrence of good relation between habitants is high in the open type alley-space in which the amount of the extensions of commodities is large compared with the closed type alley.

著者

金子 弘幸 大佛 俊泰

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.742, pp.1051-1059, 2017 (Released:2017-12-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

---

The trajectory analysis of pedestrians using the tracking system of laser scanners is an effective approach for understanding the usage of facility spaces. Carefully looking at the pedestrian trajectories observed in an outpatient reception area of a hospital, we can find some specific patterns of patient behavior. For instance, some patients come in the area from the main entrance, line up at the return visit reception machines, and leave to the consulting room area slowly. Also, some coming from the main entrance, pass through the return visit reception machines, and leave the consulting room area quickly. These examples indicate that behavior patterns and attribute information of facility users can be estimated from their trajectory features such as directionality, staying place and walking speed. However, it requires a heavy load to manually extract the features from pedestrian trajectories and classify them into some adequate patterns. Hence, it is highly desirable to achieve this task automatically. In this paper, we proposed a method of pedestrian trajectory classification using the Restricted Boltzmann machine, by which we can automatically find the inherent features of pedestrian trajectories. This method was applied to an outpatient waiting area of a hospital. Comparing manual and automatic classification, we demonstrated the usefulness and sufficient performance of our proposed method in extracting the feature of directionality, staying place and walking speed. The details are as follows: (1) Modeling of pedestrian trajectory The trajectory data were divided into three-layers composed of 1 m square grids, which were consisting of “Front layer”, “Back layer” expressing the directionality, and “Staying layer” expressing staying places. The restricted Boltzmann machine had input units and binary hidden neurons, by which the feature of the trajectory data were generated after sufficient learning. In setting the number of hidden neurons, the 100 × 8 model, which had 100 neurons in the first hidden layer and 8 neurons in the second hidden layer, was applied by comparing the information entropy of the hidden layer. (2) Model validation In the 100 × 8 model, the degree of coincidence between the results by manual classification and automatic classification was examined. The entropy ratio, which is an index for checking the degree of agreement, was 0.6% in the entropy ratio by manual classification, and 10.6% by automatic classification. The results showed that the manual classification and the automatic classification was in good agreement. In addition, the trajectory distribution diagrams were configured for each machine classification, and the feature pattern diagrams were made by 2nd hidden neurons, which automatically found inherent features. These diagrams demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method.

著者

竹林 正彦 青木 義次 大佛 俊泰

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

研究報告集. 計画系

巻号頁・発行日

no.61, pp.201-204, 1991-01-20

著者

青木 義次 大佛 俊泰 佐々木 斉 広木 晃 菅野 元衛

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. E, 建築計画, 農村計画 (ISSN:09150153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1989, pp.745-746, 1989-09-01

著者

青木 義次 大佛 俊泰

出版者

東京工業大学

雑誌

一般研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

1991

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我々は自分の頭の中に描いたある種の概念図形を利用して,実際には見ることのできない巨大な都市空間を理解している。本研究では,都市の基本骨格となるような環状の鉄道路線について,その地理的イメージを計量的に抽出し,どのような概念図形を用いて理解しているのかについて検討した。まず,イメージマップを用いた山手線に関する過去の研究をもとに,同じ環状構造を有する大阪環状線について同様の分析を行った。その結果,大阪環状線はほぼ円に近い円環状の形態として,また,内部を縦断する御堂筋線は直線に近い形態として,非常に単純化した概念図形のもとに理解されていることが判明した。さらに,居住歴の長い人ほどイメージ変形は小さいと予想されたが,イメージ変形の程度と居住歴との間には相関性は認められなかった。以上のような地理的イメージ形成に重要な概念図形は,文化的な枠組みを背景として形成されることから,文化の異なる場所では概念図形自身が異なっていたり,イメージ変形のメカニズムが異なっているという可能性がある。そこで,このことを比較検証するため,大韓民国ソウル特別市の環状線(2号線)について,韓国人と日本人(何れもソウル市に在住の人)に同様のイメージマップを用いた調査分析を試みた。その結果,山手線・大阪環状線についての調査結果と同様に,環状線である2号線を横長の楕円状の形状として,実際の形態を非常に単純化して理解していることがわかった。すなわち,図式による理解構造には,文化的枠組みの違いや,(ソウル市内での)居住暦の差異に依存した傾向は見いだすことができなかった。以上の結果を総合すると,本研究で調査分析した環状の鉄道路線に限って言えば,文化的な枠組みにはそれ程影響されない幾何図形のような普遍的なものが模式図として用いられていると言える。