著者

山田 憲政 阿部 匡樹

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.4, pp.330-340, 2000-12-01 (Released:2008-10-03)

参考文献数

20

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Paintings convey static information in two-dimensional form. Human beings have tried to express three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional plane using techniques such as perspective. Attempts have also been made to express changes over time in humans and nature on a static plane. This procedure also requires some techniques for embodiment of the movements in a static canvas.In this study, we examined the embodied movement in the famous painting “The Milkmaid” by Vermeer. The painting was reconstructed in the three-dimensional space, and the movement embodied in the painting (i.e., the milk flowing from the jug) was analyzed.The results of analysis showed that the jug held by the maid must be moving slightly for the milk be to flowing from the jug. This implies that a slight arm movement was embodied by Vermeer in the maid's gesture in the painting, which is contrary to past interpretation of the painting.

著者

小池 貴行 犬飼 祥雅 山田 憲政

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.508-522, 2009 (Released:2010-09-10)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the action observation changes the learner's leg stiffness, representing mechanical state of global leg spring, during drop jump (DJ) and whether the process to observe the learner's and model's movement is effective method. We used the drop jump as trial movement, since its performance is influenced by the change in leg stiffness. 21 subjects we employed were divided into 3 groups (GPs) according to the observation type-GP1: observation of both the model's and their own DJ; GP2: observation of only the model's DJ; GP3: no observation with rest. The subjects performed DJ pre and post observation. Leg stiffness was estimated using the leg length (240 fps) and vertical ground reaction force (Fz) (2000 Hz) during stance phase and compared between pre- and post-tests in each group. In GP1, kinetic (the leg stiffness and maximum value of Fz) and kinematic (i.e., contact duration and change in leg compression) parameters in posttest were significantly higher and lesser than that in pretest, respectively. The results indicate that the leg stiffness is increased by the action observation and thus the observation procedure is effective to enhance the DJ skill that utilizes the external force. Further, the results suggest that observing learner's own and model's movements is to enhance the effect of action observation.

著者

阿部 匡樹 山田 憲政

出版者

日本バイオメカニクス学会

雑誌

バイオメカニクス研究 (ISSN:13431706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.82-91, 1998

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Approximate Entropy (Ap entropy) was developed as a method to quantify regularity of time-series data. The aim of this study was to examine problems in the application of Ap entropy to human movement data and to distinguish movement patterns by quantifying the regularity of experimental human movement data. The following results were obtained: 1) For a relatively periodic time-series function with a small number of periods,difference in both the number of data points and number of periods affected the Ap entropy value. Thus,for the application of Ap entropy,the number of data points and the number of periods should be made the same. 2) Under the experimental conditions of this study,the change in the Ap entropy value was in accordance with subjective judgment of movement patterns. This indicates that Ap entropy is an effective parameter for quantitatively distinguishing movement patterns in data that differ in time-series regularity.

著者

村上 宏樹 若月 翼 山田 憲政

出版者

中京大学先端共同研究機構体育研究所

雑誌

中京大学体育研究所紀要 = BULLETIN OF RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HEALTH AND SPORT SCIENCES CHUKYO UNIVERSITY

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.49-54, 2022-03-31

著者

大島 浩幸 山田 憲政

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.65-74, 2010

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本研究の目的は,運動技術レベルと運動観察能力の関連を実験的に検証することであった.実験は,様々なスポーツにおいて一般的な運動でありながら熟練度によって優劣の差がある投球動作を試技として用いた.まず,第一の実験として40人の実験参加者を投球課題中の肘関節と手関節の時間的位相差を指標に各10人の2群に分けた.A群(上位群):肘関節の伸展角速度の増加が手関節の伸展角速度の増加より先に来る.B群(下位群):A群の関係が逆になる.次に第二の実験では,15セットのスティックピクチャーで構成される映像を,モデルとした熟練投球動作を基に時間的位相差の段階的操作により作成し,2群の各10人,計20人がモデルの実行した映像と作成した映像を観察した;それらの運動間の差異を検出したセット数を記録した.その結果,A群はB群よりも有意に早い段階で運動の差異を検出した(p<0.001).この結果は,運動技術レベルが高い実験参加者の運動観察における差異の検出精度は運動技術レベルが低い実験参加者の運動観察における差異の検出精度に比べ有意に高いということを示す.

著者

山田 憲政

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.107-112, 2005 (Released:2009-10-16)

参考文献数

13

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“Moving pictures on sliding doors” date back to the Edo Era in Japan. These pictures were called moving pictures because they seem to move when they are viewed while moving. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism underlying this illusionary phenomenon. For that purpose, photographs of a “moving picture” on sliding doors were taken using a digital camera, and the characteristic points on each image were digitized and stored in a computer. Then changes in perception of the picture with movement of the viewpoint of the observer were computed by using a coordination transformation technique. The results of calculation revealed that the picture had been painted from a bird's-eye view and that the illusionary motion is seen when the observer views the picture from an oblique angle while moving along the length of the sliding doors. When viewing the picture from an oblique angle while moving, distances from points on the picture to the observer's viewpoint change, and these changes in distances give rise to the illusionary motion of the picture. Thus, the mechanism by which the picture is perceived as moving is motion parallax.

著者

山田 憲政

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.107-112, 2005-06-01

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"Moving pictures on sliding doors" date back to the Edo Era in Japan. These pictures were called moving pictures because they seem to move when they are viewed while moving. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism underlying this illusionary phenomenon. For that purpose, photographs of a "moving picture" on sliding doors were taken using a digital camera, and the characteristic points on each image were digitized and stored in a computer. Then changes in perception of the picture with movement of the viewpoint of the observer were computed by using a coordination transformation technique. The results of calculation revealed that the picture had been painted from a bird's-eye view and that the illusionary motion is seen when the observer views the picture from an oblique angle while moving along the length of the sliding doors. When viewing the picture from an oblique angle while moving, distances from points on the picture to the observer's viewpoint change, and these changes in distances give rise to the illusionary motion of the picture. Thus, the mechanism by which the picture is perceived as moving is motion parallax.

著者

山田 憲政

出版者

北海道大學教育學部

雑誌

北海道大學教育學部紀要 (ISSN:04410637)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, 1998-03

著者

山本 裕二 工藤 和俊 山田 憲政 北原 俊一 平田 智秋 宮崎 真 平川 武仁 木島 章文 奥村 基生 郷原 一寿 門田 浩二 山際 伸一

出版者

名古屋大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2008

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本研究では,様々なスポーツ技能の生成機序を力学系の観点から統合的に理解することを目的とした.その結果,ブランコ漕ぎの協応パタンは振り子の等時性にほぼかなっていること,音に合わせたダンスでは,運動周波数が高い場合でも熟練者は逆相同期を維持できること,卓球では技能水準を切替ダイナミクスのフラクタル次元で評価できること,剣道では二者間距離によって詰め引き速度の相対位相が切り替わること,タグ鬼ごっこでは,学習に伴い両者の詰め引き速度の相対位相が逆相同期になること,サッカーの3対1ボール保持課題における三者の連携パタンは,技能レベルによって環状連結振動子における対称性のホップ分岐理論で予測されるパタンを示すこと,サッカーゲームのパス行動にはベキ則が見られることなどを明らかにした.