30 0 0 0 OA サッカーにおける戦術的判断を伴うパスの遂行を支える認知プロセス
- 著者
- 夏原 隆之 中山 雅雄 加藤 貴昭 永野 智久 吉田 拓矢 佐々木 亮太 浅井 武
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本体育学会
- 雑誌
- 体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.60, no.1, pp.71-85, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)
- 参考文献数
- 31
- 被引用文献数
- 4 3
Some of the mechanisms underlying superior performance in sports may be clarified by investigating the role of visual information in the execution of particular responses by expert athletes. The aim of this study was to examine how soccer players process visual information when executing a tactical pass in a 4 vs. 4 attacking play scenario. To identify the cognitive processes operating during task execution, we measured eye movement and correlated it with verbal reports from players. The subjects comprised 30 soccer players with differing proficiencies (15 “experts” and 15 “sub-experts”). 2 tests were carried out: a test to evaluate the level of passing skill, and a decision-making test to evaluate the reproducibility of tactical passing and the accuracy of passes aimed to specific locations. Eye movements were measured during the decision-making test. Furthermore, in each trial of the decision-making test, verbal reports were collected. These related to how and why participants decided to pass the ball to any particular player among the 4 attackers on screen and, in order to determine their best judgment, how they captured the play situation and what they paid attention to. The results revealed that for execution of the pass, the experts were significantly more proficient at passing accurately to the aimed location, and their passing judgment was more reproducible in comparison to the sub-experts, although both groups had a uniform level of passing skill in terms of pass execution. In addition, eye movement data obtained during pass execution confirmed that in the play observation phase, while experts maintained their line of sight on other objects, they also maintained a longer gaze on defensive players to identify gaps between them. Also in the ball approach phase, the experts maintained a longer gaze on the player who was judged to be the best choice for receiving an accurate pass. These observations suggest that the superior passing performance of expert soccer players is attributable to accurate and efficient extraction of visual information and utilizing it in the context of their accumulated knowledge base.
3 0 0 0 感染症流行時におけるスマートフォンを用いた大学生の身体活動量分析
- 著者
- 西山 勇毅 柿野 優衣 中 縁嗣 野田 悠加 羽柴 彩月 山田 佑亮 佐々木 航 大越 匡 中澤 仁 森 将輝 水鳥 寿思 塩田 琴美 永野 智久 東海林 祐子 加藤 貴昭
- 雑誌
- 情報処理学会論文誌 (ISSN:18827764)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.62, no.10, pp.1630-1643, 2021-10-15
新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)の世界的な感染拡大にともない,多くの大学ではキャンパス内での感染予防のために,キャンパスの封鎖とインターネット越しに授業を配信するオンライン授業が導入され,学生たちは自宅から授業に参加している.このような在宅中心の新しい生活様式は,感染予防効果が見込める一方で,運動不足による二次的な健康被害が懸念される.新しい生活様式における大学生の身体活動の実態,特に学生の属性や時間帯ごとの身体活動量とその内容を明らかにすることは,二次的な健康被害を予防するうえで必要不可欠である.そこで本研究では,日常生活中の身体活動データ(歩数と6種類の行動種別)を大学生が所有するスマートフォンを用いて自動収集し,大学生の身体活動量を明らかにする.身体活動データは,必修の体育授業を履修する大学1年生305名から10週間収集した.その結果,通学(7時から10時)や教室での授業,課外活動(11時から24時)の時間帯における歩数の減少と静止時間の長時間化が明らかになった.本結果は,新しい生活様式における大学生活が平日の身体活動量の低下を招く可能性を示唆する.