著者

渕上 恭子

出版者

日本文化人類学会

雑誌

日本文化人類学会研究大会発表要旨集 日本文化人類学会第54回研究大会 (ISSN:21897964)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.D11, 2020 (Released:2020-09-12)

---

2009年、ソウル市冠岳区の主サラン共同体教会が、未婚の父母等、産みの親が育てられない赤子を置いてゆく「ベビーボックス」を設置し、以後10年間で1,600人の棄児を保護してきた。「ベビーボックス」は、生存が危ぶまれる棄児達を救っている一方で、嬰児遺棄を助長しているとの批判を免れないでいる。本報告で、「ベビーボックス」への嬰児遺棄が増え続ける背景と、そこにやって来る未婚の父母に対する子育て支援のあり方を考える。

著者

渕上 恭子

出版者

「宗教と社会」学会

雑誌

宗教と社会 (ISSN:13424726)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.49-76, 1995-06-10 (Released:2017-07-18)

---

去る1993年7月、朝鮮の国祖檀君を祀る韓国の民族宗教である「檀君教本部聖殿」の教祖で、パクス巫堂(男性降神巫)にして韓国の政財界人のお抱え占い師・霊能師であったK氏が、「ハナニム」の召命によってキリスト教に改宗し、韓国の宗教界に多大なる衝撃を与えている。檀君教教祖の劇的な回心には、朝鮮の宗教史における民族宗教・檀君教とキリスト教間の「ハナニム」-元来朝鮮民族の神であるが、今ではキリスト教の神となっている-をめぐる神観念の連係と相剋が絡んでいると思われる。本稿では、K氏のキリスト教改宗の顛末を、朝鮮民族の始祖檀君との接神からイエス迎接に至るまでのK氏の霊的体験を中心に見てゆき、教祖論を展開しながら、韓国の民族宗教とキリスト教の彼方に広がる「ハナニム教」の地平を仰いでみたい。

著者

渕上 恭子

出版者

「宗教と社会」学会

雑誌

宗教と社会 (ISSN:13424726)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.49-76, 1995-06-10

---

去る1993年7月、朝鮮の国祖檀君を祀る韓国の民族宗教である「檀君教本部聖殿」の教祖で、パクス巫堂(男性降神巫)にして韓国の政財界人のお抱え占い師・霊能師であったK氏が、「ハナニム」の召命によってキリスト教に改宗し、韓国の宗教界に多大なる衝撃を与えている。檀君教教祖の劇的な回心には、朝鮮の宗教史における民族宗教・檀君教とキリスト教間の「ハナニム」-元来朝鮮民族の神であるが、今ではキリスト教の神となっている-をめぐる神観念の連係と相剋が絡んでいると思われる。本稿では、K氏のキリスト教改宗の顛末を、朝鮮民族の始祖檀君との接神からイエス迎接に至るまでのK氏の霊的体験を中心に見てゆき、教祖論を展開しながら、韓国の民族宗教とキリスト教の彼方に広がる「ハナニム教」の地平を仰いでみたい。

著者

渕上 恭子

出版者

日本宗教学会

雑誌

宗教研究 (ISSN:03873293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.2, pp.381-406, 2006-09-30 (Released:2017-07-14)

---

司法の場で稀代の「科学詐欺劇」として裁かれることになった韓国ES細胞論文捏造事件の特異性は、国民的英雄と称された科学者が前代未聞の論文捏造に走ったことに加えて、「ヒトクローンES細胞」の作製という虚構の研究に、二千個を超える厖大な数の卵子が不正に提供され、使い潰されていたという衝撃的な事態にあると思われる。韓国における研究用卵子の大量不正流用は、「ヒトクローンES細胞」の樹立を成功させ、生命工学分野で世界の第一線に踊り出ようとするバイオ・ナショナリズムと、韓国の生命工学の急速な発展を後押ししてきた「不妊治療」の文化的特異性が絡み合って起こったものと思われる。科学史上最大級の論文捏造スキャンダルに輪をかけた「卵子倫理問題」の背景を、韓国のバイオ・ナショナリズムと「不妊治療」のコンテクストを考察しながら探ってゆきたい。

著者

渕上 恭子

出版者

日本文化人類学会

雑誌

日本文化人類学会研究大会発表要旨集 日本文化人類学会第49回研究大会 (ISSN:21897964)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.H09, 2015 (Released:2015-05-13)

---

中国同胞(朝鮮族)代理母による韓国人不妊夫婦相手の代理出産において、従来主流であったホストマザー型代理出産に代わって、近年、韓国人の不妊夫婦の夫が、中国同胞代理母の所に赴き、性交渉を行って子どもを産ませた後、DNA鑑定を行ってその子を認知する形態のものに変わってきている。その理由を、韓国の代理出産をめぐる文化伝統と、韓中両国の生殖市場を取り巻く近年の法的・社会経済的状況の変化に照らして考察する。

著者

渕上 恭子

出版者

日本宗教学会

雑誌

宗教研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, pp.384-385, 2016

著者

渕上 恭子

出版者

診断と治療社

雑誌

産科と婦人科 (ISSN:03869792)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.6, pp.799-804, 2004-06

著者

渕上 恭子

出版者

慶應義塾大学

雑誌

哲學 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, pp.337-372, 2008-03

---

第2部 民俗宗教から観光研究まで投稿論文序「シバジ」 : 韓国の代理出産母のルーツI. 「シバジ」の民族誌 : 映画『シバジ』にみる朝鮮時代の代理母出産と祈子習俗II. 「シバジ」の身分層形成の時代背景 1. 父系血統主義 : 血筋のよい「借り腹」としての「世襲シバジ」 2. 「七出三不去」の礼法 : 女性に対する儒教教化と両班に対する離婚抑制策 3. 「庶孽禁固」 : 両班の妾の子孫達に対する差別III. 韓国朝鮮の文献史料にみる「シバジ」 1. 「シバジ夫人」 : 韓国の代理母出産研究の先駆 2. 朝鮮時代後期の実学派にみる「シバジ」研究の系譜 : 男尊思想の定着による祈子習俗の浸透IV. 「現代版シバジ」の群像 : 生殖技術の発達による「シバジ」の変貌おわりに 韓国の代理母出産問題の根源を探る「シバジ」研究'Ssi-baji' means, literally a 'womb for rent', so-called a 'surro-gate mother'. In Chosun era (1392-1910), because of Confucian morals, it had been regarded as the most important obligation toward ancestors to give birth to the son to carry on the paternal family line. The 'yang-ban' (the governing classes in Chosun era) nobleman who had not been blessed with his male heir to hold the Confucian service for his ancestors employed a 'ssi-baji' woman to have sexual relations with him on behalf of his lawful wife unable to conceive in order to make her bear his son. She had secretly borne a baby boy in order to hand over it to him after giving birth, pretending that his lawful wife had borne his son. A 'ssi-baji' woman who was a surrogate mother giving birth to a male heir "by profession" for a respectful 'yang-ban' family got a lot of reward such as arable land when she had borne a baby boy. However, she could not get anything but a bite of grain as the expenses for bringing up her child if she had borne a baby girl. The baby girl was taken home together with her and her daughter also became a 'ssi-baji' woman like as her mother. The social status and occupation of a 'ssi-baji' woman had been succeeded by the maternal line, and 'ssi-baji' women who rent out their wombs to live had been actually existing until before the liberation from Japanese colonial rule. In my paper I'll examine the historical backgrounds that a 'ssi-baji' woman who was not a secondary wife but a professional surrogate mother giving birth to a male heir had been needed among respectful childless 'yang-ban' families in Chosun era. In the age of Chosun-Dynasty, it was actually impossible for respectful 'yang-ban' family member to divorce or keep a mistress even though his lawful wife was unable to give birth to a son be-cause of the reputation of his family. In those days the descend-ant whose mother was a mistress had been prohibited from holding a government post even if his father was a 'yang-ban' noble-man. It was no use keeping a mistress in order to obtain his son, for his descendants from the illegitimate would have no chance of success in 'yang-ban' society. Therefore, in the 'yang-ban' society in Chosun era that paternal line had been highly estimated, a 'ssi-baji' woman of noble descendent blood whose biological father was a 'yang-ban' nobleman and whose origin didn't surface was suitable for a surrogate mother of a respectful 'yang-ban' family's male heir. Although the class system in Chosun Dynasty was officially abolished in 1894, a 'ssi-baji' woman, as a means of obtaining son, didn't actually disappear in Korea where 'son-preference' due to Confucian tradition since Chosun era had been deeply rooted. Since 1950s infertility treatments such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization have been introduced in Korea, gestational surrogacy with these infertility treatments have come to be carried out by a surrogate mother so-called 'a present-day ssi-baji' woman, in place of a former 'ssi-baji' in Chosun era. The technology of infertility treatments have made it possible to conceive without sexual intercourse, and recently highly developed assisted reproductive technologies have made it also possible to 'rent' only a womb in order to bear a baby boy with sex-selection technology of IVF (in vitro fertilization) surrogacy. The development of assisted reproductive technologies has made a former 'ssi-baji' woman in Chosun era change into 'a present-day ssi-baji' to rent her womb and bear a baby boy which is not related to her by blood, a literal 'womb for rent', which has been causing serious bio-ethical problems on surrogate mother-hood in contemporary Korea. In my paper I'll study these bio-ethical problems on the 'ssi-baji' surrogate motherhood in contemporary Korea from the standpoint of ethnology.

著者

渕上 恭子

出版者

日本宗教学会

雑誌

宗教研究 (ISSN:03873293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.4, pp.1241-1242, 2004-03-30

著者

渕上 恭子

出版者

三田哲學會

雑誌

哲學 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

no.119, pp.337-372, 2008-03 (Released:2008-00-00)

---

第2部 民俗宗教から観光研究まで投稿論文 序「シバジ」 : 韓国の代理出産母のルーツI. 「シバジ」の民族誌 : 映画『シバジ』にみる朝鮮時代の代理母出産と祈子習俗II. 「シバジ」の身分層形成の時代背景 1. 父系血統主義 : 血筋のよい「借り腹」としての「世襲シバジ」 2. 「七出三不去」の礼法 : 女性に対する儒教教化と両班に対する離婚抑制策 3. 「庶孽禁固」 : 両班の妾の子孫達に対する差別III. 韓国朝鮮の文献史料にみる「シバジ」 1. 「シバジ夫人」 : 韓国の代理母出産研究の先駆 2. 朝鮮時代後期の実学派にみる「シバジ」研究の系譜 : 男尊思想の定着による祈子習俗の浸透IV. 「現代版シバジ」の群像 : 生殖技術の発達による「シバジ」の変貌おわりに 韓国の代理母出産問題の根源を探る「シバジ」研究 'Ssi-baji' means, literally a 'womb for rent', so-called a 'surro-gate mother'. In Chosun era (1392-1910), because of Confucian morals, it had been regarded as the most important obligation toward ancestors to give birth to the son to carry on the paternal family line. The 'yang-ban' (the governing classes in Chosun era) nobleman who had not been blessed with his male heir to hold the Confucian service for his ancestors employed a 'ssi-baji' woman to have sexual relations with him on behalf of his lawful wife unable to conceive in order to make her bear his son. She had secretly borne a baby boy in order to hand over it to him after giving birth, pretending that his lawful wife had borne his son. A 'ssi-baji' woman who was a surrogate mother giving birth to a male heir "by profession" for a respectful 'yang-ban' family got a lot of reward such as arable land when she had borne a baby boy. However, she could not get anything but a bite of grain as the expenses for bringing up her child if she had borne a baby girl. The baby girl was taken home together with her and her daughter also became a 'ssi-baji' woman like as her mother. The social status and occupation of a 'ssi-baji' woman had been succeeded by the maternal line, and 'ssi-baji' women who rent out their wombs to live had been actually existing until before the liberation from Japanese colonial rule. In my paper I'll examine the historical backgrounds that a 'ssi-baji' woman who was not a secondary wife but a professional surrogate mother giving birth to a male heir had been needed among respectful childless 'yang-ban' families in Chosun era. In the age of Chosun-Dynasty, it was actually impossible for respectful 'yang-ban' family member to divorce or keep a mistress even though his lawful wife was unable to give birth to a son be-cause of the reputation of his family. In those days the descend-ant whose mother was a mistress had been prohibited from holding a government post even if his father was a 'yang-ban' noble-man. It was no use keeping a mistress in order to obtain his son, for his descendants from the illegitimate would have no chance of success in 'yang-ban' society. Therefore, in the 'yang-ban' society in Chosun era that paternal line had been highly estimated, a 'ssi-baji' woman of noble descendent blood whose biological father was a 'yang-ban' nobleman and whose origin didn't surface was suitable for a surrogate mother of a respectful 'yang-ban' family's male heir. Although the class system in Chosun Dynasty was officially abolished in 1894, a 'ssi-baji' woman, as a means of obtaining son, didn't actually disappear in Korea where 'son-preference' due to Confucian tradition since Chosun era had been deeply rooted. Since 1950s infertility treatments such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization have been introduced in Korea, gestational surrogacy with these infertility treatments have come to be carried out by a surrogate mother so-called 'a present-day ssi-baji' woman, in place of a former 'ssi-baji' in Chosun era. The technology of infertility treatments have made it possible to conceive without sexual intercourse, and recently highly developed assisted reproductive technologies have made it also possible to 'rent' only a womb in order to bear a baby boy with sex-selection technology of IVF (in vitro fertilization) surrogacy. The development of assisted reproductive technologies has made a former 'ssi-baji' woman in Chosun era change into 'a present-day ssi-baji' to rent her womb and bear a baby boy which is not related to her by blood, a literal 'womb for rent', which has been causing serious bio-ethical problems on surrogate mother-hood in contemporary Korea. In my paper I'll study these bio-ethical problems on the 'ssi-baji' surrogate motherhood in contemporary Korea from the standpoint of ethnology.