著者

佐藤 博樹 矢部 光保 山村 悦夫

出版者

JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.1-14, 1997

被引用文献数

3

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In order to reduce municipal waste generation at the source, it is important for the recycling rate and in-home disposal rate to rise. With regards to recycling, with the implementation of new systems in recent years, a generally supportive social consensus has formed. On the other hand, with regards to raising the in-home disposal rate, because of many factors that vary from region to region, it is difficult to achieve uniform progress in this area across the nation. Moreover, apart from regional differences there is also a certain amount of user opposition to be expected against efforts to transfer some of the burden of waste management costs to the individual user. In order for policy in this area to make progress, along with continuous development of waste management technology, it is important to make users aware of the costs involved and encourage them not just to consider waste management as a no-cost municipal service.<br>Using the Double-Bounded DCCVM (Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Method), we have attempted to elucidate the value in monetary terms at which the users, or the demand side, estimate household solid waste disposal services to be worth-services which have been treated up until now as non-marketable. We have also attempted to elucidate factors that influence users' assessment of the benefit value of the services and to what degree these factors influence their willingness to pay for them.<br>According to the results of this evaluation, the following points became clear. First, since waste management service is considered in economic terminology, as a superior goods of high necessity, the amount respondents were willing to pay tended to increase with income level. Secondly, there was a tendency for respondents who actively practiced waste reduction and who recognized waste disposal problems as serious to be more willing to pay for such services than those who did not. Also, respondents living in single dwelling unit homes displayed a lower willingness to pay than those living in multiple dwelling unit complexes such as apartments. Third, the factor of possible extended future benefit from the services (long term residence in Kitami City), proved to have a significant influence on the amount respondents were willing to pay for waste disposal services. Fourth, when the average amount that respondents indicated in the survey, they were willing to pay for waste disposal services was compared to the actual expenditure per household of Kitami City on household solid waste disposal, the former was found to be higher by an estimated absolute value of equivalent surplus of ¥12, 167 per household per year.

著者

矢部 光保

出版者

日本地域学会

雑誌

地域学研究 (ISSN:02876256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.567-583, 2009

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Revealed preference method is used in policy decision making and many payment vehicles are applied for the evaluation of non-market goods. Especially, the hypothetical new tax is often used and this payment vehicle means a decrease of consumer's disposal income. However, because a policy is enforced by the existing revenue instead of the new tax, we have to decide the desirable cost to be prepared from the existing revenue for the new enterprise without changing disposal income. Therefore, evaluation of relative value between a new and an existing enterprise is necessary. Additionally, a change in public funding from existing revenues does not directly decrease a consumer's disposal income, so the consumer may not be able to evaluate the new enterprise because they do not feel the burden of the expense.<br> This study focuses on bio-ethanol and estimates the appropriate subsidy for domestic production. First, the contingent valuation method was used to estimate additional willingness to pay for domestic bio-fuel with an increased price for gasoline by a decrease of disposal income. Next, to find the relative value of a disposal income and a reallocated tax, the relative value of and gasoline price and subsidies for domestic production of bio-ethanol were estimated by choice modeling and the subsidy for domestic production of bio-ethanol calculated based on these results.<br> Results were as follows: First, the willingness to pay for domestic production of bio-ethanol by the decrease of disposal income was estimated as 3 yen per liter using a contingent valuation survey in Fukuoka Prefecture. Next, the relative value of the disposal income as a increase of gasoline price and the reallocated tax for domestic production was estimated as 0.708 by choice modeling and the subsidy for bio-ethanol production was evaluated as 4.24 yen/liter(=3 yen/liter&divide;0.708). Also, the marginal ratio of substitute between the subsidy for road construction paid by gasoline tax and the subsidy for domestic production of bio-ethanol was estimated and we found that a consumer's utility increases with public funding for bio-ethanol from existing gasoline tax. A tax revenue of 1 yen per liter is equivalent to a revenue of 6 million yen per year, so a considerable subsidy would be accepted if the nation has the same propensity as Fukuoka residents.<br><br>JEL Classification: Q18, Q25 and Q53

著者

藤原 諒也 大谷 智一 佐藤 剛史 矢部 光保

出版者

九州大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

九州大学大学院農学研究院学芸雑誌 (ISSN:13470159)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.81-90, 2012-09-20 (Released:2012-10-02)

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Can farmers sell agricultural products at the higher price by reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG)? Or can we find the decreasing marginal willingness to pay(MWTP)by the increasing reduction rate of GHG emission under the law of diminishing marginal utility? If so, what is the most beneficial way to deal with GHG emission for farmers? In order to answer these questions, we conducted an internet survey and got 2062 response. We used Ordered Probit Model to analyze consumer’s preference of rice produced by reduction of GHG emission and find the following results: the highest MWTP for reduction rate of GHG was 10.10 yen between 5 and 10 percent; 6.13 yen was between the 10 and 20 percent; 4.59 yen was between 20 and 50 percent; 0.89 yen was between 50 and 70 percent; MWTP, however, increased by up to 4.20 yen between 70 and 100 percent. Base on this result, we can say that consumers appreciate even a small reduction of GHG and then for farmers to start such activities from the small redaction is effective way when they sell environmental friendly agricultural products. Consumers also find another value for high reduction rate of GHG close to 100 percent. Additionally, other characteristics of consumers who appreciate reduction of GHG were young generation, high income, and more knowledge of farmer’s activities of GHG reduction. 温室効果ガス削減に関する農家の努力は, 農産物の付加価値として, より高い価格では販売することは可能であろうか. また, 温室効果ガスの削減率の増加につれて, 限界効用逓減の法則に従い, 追加1当たり支払意志額は低減であろうか. もし, そうであれば, 農家としてどの程度の削減努力を行うのが妥当であろうか. このような問いに答えるため, 20代以上の女性に対して, インターネットサーベイを行い, 2062名から回答を得た. そして, 米5キログラムを対象に, 温室効果ガス排出量削減に配慮した米への選好について, 順序プロビット・モデルを用いた分析を行い, 以下の結果を得た. 回答者は二酸化炭素の追加1%削減当たりの支払意思額は5% 〜 10%間が最も高く10.10円となり, 10% 〜 20%間が6.13円, 20% 〜 50%間が4.59円, 50%〜 70%間が0.89円と逓減した. 他方, 70% 〜 100%間では上昇し4.20円となった. この結果から, 削減が少量であったとしても消費者は削減を評価しており, 温暖化問題に配慮した農産物を販売する場合, まずは, 生産者は少量の削減に取り組むことが効率的だと考えられる. 他方, 100%に近い削減に対しては, 消費者は新たな価値を見いだしていることも明らかになった. また, 温室効果ガス排出量を削減した農産物を相対的に高く評価するのは, 若い世代や年収の高い消費者, 農家の取組に関する知識が多い消費者であった.

著者

南石 晃明 木南 章 伊東 正一 吉田 泰治 福田 晋 矢部 光保 堀田 和彦 前田 幸嗣 豊 智行 新開 章司 甲斐 諭 樋口 昭則 石井 博昭 松下 秀介 伊藤 健 亀屋 隆志 八木 洋憲 森高 正博 多田 稔 土田 志郎 後藤 一寿 佐藤 正衛

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2008

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食料・農業・環境に関わる諸問題は,相互に密接に関連しており,その根底には「リスク」が深く関与している.このため,食料・農業・環境に関わる諸問題の解決には,「リスク」に対する理解が不可欠である.食料・農業・環境に潜むリスクには,どのようなものがあり,それらはどのように関連しており,さらにどのような対応が可能なのか?本研究では,学際的かつ国際的な視点からこれらの点について明らかにした.

著者

黄 波 矢部 光保

出版者

九州大学大学院農学研究院

雑誌

九州大学大学院農学研究院学芸雑誌 (ISSN:13470159)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.23-30, 2010-02

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A set of measures were taken at the source area of the sandstorm aimed to mitigate the threat of sandstorm in Beijing and the nearby region where China government launched the Sandstorm Source Control Project in and around Beijing and Tianjin. Chinese National Forestry Bureau gave the project a high evaluation. However, the project did not seem so successful with respect to the annual incidence of the sandstorms. This article is based on the data collected and monitored by State Forestry Bureau for the pivot projects and reaches the conclusion that the implementation of the sand source treatment of Beijing and Tianjin project has improved the ecological status of the sand source area and enhanced the local economic developments as well as improved the living standard of local residents.

著者

矢部 光保 荘林 幹太郎 田中 宗浩 西澤 栄一郎 林 岳 高橋 義文 陳 廷貴 黄 波 田村 啓二 辻林 英高

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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中国では畜産廃棄物が深刻な水質汚染をもたらしている。そこで、中国江蘇省にある出荷頭数 2.8 万頭の養豚場と近隣農家を対象に、ふん尿由来のメタン発酵消化液を液肥利用する試験を行い、その環境的・経済的効果を評価した。3 年間で液肥利用農地面積は、ゼロから 40ha に拡大し、農家は肥料代を大きく節減できた。また、消化液の投棄が防止され、有機性廃棄物循環、水質環境の改善、温室効果ガス削減に、液肥利用は貢献できることが実証された