著者
結城 匡啓
出版者
信州大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2009

本研究では,スピードスケート競技の陸上トレーニングにおける動作と氷上での滑走パフォーマンスを分析し,これまでに究明されている滑走動作の力学的メカニズムや優れた選手に内在する技術的要因とを総合的に関連づけて検討した.その結果,スピードスケートの陸上トレーニング手段の運動負荷は,氷上滑走時のそれに比して低い可能性があることや,氷上パフォーマンスの高い選手は,陸上トレーニングにおける運動負荷よりも氷上滑走動作における負荷が大きい傾向にあることがわかった.
著者
結城 匡啓 阿江 通良 浅見 高明
出版者
バイオメカニズム学会
雑誌
バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, pp.111-121, 1992-05-20 (Released:2016-12-05)
被引用文献数
6

Many researchers have attempted to measure the change in velocity of the center of gravity (CG) for speed skaters in stroking. However, there have been some difficulties in measuring the velocity change in speed skating; they include the very long stride length (about 10m) and the three-dimensional behavior of the skater's CG. The purposes of this study were to investigate the push-off technique for top-level Japanese speed skaters and the change in velocity during the push-off phase using 3D cinematography, and then to examine acceleration theory during the push-off phase in speed skating. Skaters participating in the 500m race of the All Japan student championship (1989) were videotaped (60 fields/s) by 10 VTR cameras over 20m at the crossing zone of the back straightaway. Twenty-two male skaters were selected as subjects and classified into two groups on the basis of the performance of the competition. 3D coordinates of the segment endpoints were obtained on five sub-areas (each 4m in length) using a DLT method. Displacement and velocity of the CG and the angles of the hip, knee and ankle joint were calculated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Push-off movement for the top group skaters placed the CG further forward than that of the second group. 2) The vector derived from the push-off movement for the top group skaters was directed forward, and accelerated the CG of the skaters effectively. 3) Increase in the velocity in skating direction for all subjects seemed to contribute more than expected to the acceleration of the CG. It has been proposed that acceleration in speed skating occurs by push-off of the leg in a direction perpendicular to the gliding direction of the skate, since the force applied to the opposite direction of gliding cannot contribute to acceleration of the CG due to very small frictional force. However, this theory cannot thoroughly explain the findings obtained for the top skaters in this investigation. Therefore, the acceleration theory should be modified to reflect the fact that the CG of the skater during speed skating is accelerated not only by the push-off perpendicular to the gliding direction but also by an increase in velocity vector in a gliding direction.
著者
吉田 陽平 結城 匡啓
出版者
日本スキー学会
雑誌
スキー研究 (ISSN:1349449X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.1, pp.1-12, 2016 (Released:2017-09-01)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1

The purpose of this study was to make clear the characteristics of superior ski technique by investigating the relationship between subjective evaluation of skiers’movements and objective parameters of 3-dimensional analysis. Seventeen Japanese skiers performed long radius turns and were filmed with two cameras(60Hz),panned and fixed. These runs were scored out of a maximum of 100 points by three referees. To obtain the 3D space coordinates, the Panning DLT method was adopted. Relationships between the score and the parameters obtained using 3D motion analysis were examined by using correlation analysis, and elements of an outstanding ski technique were investigated. There were significant correlations between the scores and the following:(1)radius of curvature at the turn maximum(r=-0.840, p<0.001),(2)the lean angle of the center of mass(CM)at the turn maximum(r=0.628, p<0.01),(3)the angle formed by CM velocity and the fall line at the point where the lean angle of CM was vertical to the slope(the onset of turning)(r=0.816, p<0.001)and(4)the lean angular velocity of CM at the onset of turning(r=0.546, p<0.05).This study suggests three characteristics of outstanding ski technique: a sharp and wide turn made by gaining centripetal force, a large lean angle of the body, and a rapid edge changing.
著者
結城 匡啓
出版者
バイオメカニズム学会
雑誌
バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.2, pp.76-81, 2000
被引用文献数
1

長野オリンピック直前にスラップスケートが国際舞台で採用され始め,メダル獲得の期待がかかる短距離種目でこれを用いるか議論された.本稿では,筆者がスラップ使用による力学的・解剖学的な利点を説明しスラップ採用を主張するとともに,500mでの課題,滑走技術およびトレーニング方法への示唆を行った日本スケートチームに対する一連のバイオメカニクス的サポート活動を紹介する.また,研究者の立場で競技力向上を意図して用具開発を発案した2つの事例を報告し,用具開発において選手・コーチと開発メーカーとの間をとりもつゴーディネータとしての研究者の役割について考察する.
著者
結城 匡啓
出版者
公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会
雑誌
計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.4, pp.236-241, 1999-04-10 (Released:2009-11-26)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
3