7 0 0 0 OA 裁判員裁判を想定したフォーカスグループの効果の検証
- 著者
- 荒川 歩 菅原 郁夫
- 出版者
- 日本社会心理学会
- 雑誌
- 社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.34, no.3, pp.133-141, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-03-31)
- 参考文献数
- 23
Focus groups (FGs) led by trial consultants are popular in the USA but not in Japan. Additionally, the effectiveness of this method has not been examined. This study examined the effect of FGs on the Saiban-in system. First, eleven undergraduates participated in FGs, discussing the perception of certain words (e.g., self-defense) and a theme (e.g., how to evaluate a wrongful act when losing self-control because of fear) that were points of dispute in a simulated case. The contents were compared with three law students’ estimation of how undergraduates perceived these topics. Second, a law student wrote a final case argument before and after reading a summary produced by FGs. Third, another set of thirty-one undergraduates participated in one of two conditions (whether based on an FG result or not), read the arguments (sixteen read arguments not based on an FG result; fifteen read arguments based on one), judged the case, reported their confidence in the judgment, and marked the words that affected them. The effect of the FG on the conviction rate was not significant. However, confidence in the not-guilty verdict increased and participants were influenced by the final arguments based on the FG result. This indicates the efficacy of focus groups in writing a final argument mentioned in the deliberation.
To maximize the value of jury deliberations, it is important to recognize how lay citizens in a mixed-court jury think about communication during deliberations. In this study, we analyzed jury deliberations during a mock mixed-court jury trial to examine situations in which jurors feel satisfaction or otherwise, and the situations in which they agree with an opinion. We examined several forms of data: A videotape of the deliberation process; pre- and post-trial questionnaires completed by six jurors who participated in the mock trial; and post-trial interviews with the same jurors. Some jurors thought that the opinion needed to be well-founded, and a juror who agreed with that thought was satisfied with the deliberation process. However, those jurors who were unable to discern the reasoning behind the opinion were not satisfied with the deliberation process. If there are relationships between satisfaction and agreement with the rule, these findings suggest that communication during deliberation needs to appear valid not only from the point of view of an observer but also from the perspective of jury members.
2 0 0 0 法科大学院教育と学生の法意識展開に関する調査研究
多くの法科大学院院生は「進学決意時」の職業希望を法科大学院入学後、教育を受けながらも維持していることがあきらかになった。また、そうした理想は理想として、現実的に予想する際にも約3分の2の院生は理想と現実的予想が一致しており、その一致率は年度を追い、微増する傾向が観察された。本調査が執行された段階では、まだ「弁護士の就職難」といわれる現象はメディアがとりあげるような話題にはなっておらず、現在の院生にこのような調査をした場合にはまた異なった回答がなされるであろう。また、実際に司法修習修了後にどういった職種に就いているのか等の追跡調査が今後求められてくるであろう。抽象度の高い法のイメージについての法意識は短期間では大きく変化しないと考えられる。そのため、多くの項目では経年変化はみられなかった。しかし、二年の間をあけた調査問の比較では、より大きな差がいくつかの項目に観察された。このことは三年間のインテンシヴな法科大学院教育がこうした一般的な法意識、法態度にも影響を及ぼすことを示唆している。法科大学院は大学の枠を越えて多くの他大学出身の院生を受入れており、また、受験生も複数の大学院を受験することが通例である。入学前には受験生は全員が適性試験を受験することが義務づけられ、また大学院終了後も全員が司法試験を受験し、司法修習へと進む。したがって個別大学での調査ではなく、本研究のように大学横断的に法科大学院生のさまざまな状況について調査研究することは重要である。
1 0 0 0 2016年民事訴訟利用者調査結果の概要
- 著者
- 菅原 郁夫
- 出版者
- 信山社
- 雑誌
- 法と社会研究 = Japanese law & society review = Revue japonaise droit et société = Japanische Zeitschrift für Recht und Gesellschaft (ISSN:21899134)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.4, pp.27-63, 2019-05
1 0 0 0 OA 裁判員裁判を想定したフォーカスグループの効果の検証
- 著者
- 荒川 歩 菅原 郁夫
- 出版者
- 日本社会心理学会
- 雑誌
- 社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.1735, (Released:2019-02-12)
- 参考文献数
- 23
Focus groups (FGs) led by trial consultants are popular in the USA but not in Japan. Additionally, the effectiveness of this method has not been examined. This study examined the effect of FGs on the Saiban-in system. First, eleven undergraduates participated in FGs, discussing the perception of certain words (e.g., self-defense) and a theme (e.g., how to evaluate a wrongful act when losing self-control because of fear) that were points of dispute in a simulated case. The contents were compared with three law students’ estimation of how undergraduates perceived these topics. Second, a law student wrote a final case argument before and after reading a summary produced by FGs. Third, another set of thirty-one undergraduates participated in one of two conditions (whether based on an FG result or not), read the arguments (sixteen read arguments not based on an FG result; fifteen read arguments based on one), judged the case, reported their confidence in the judgment, and marked the words that affected them. The effect of the FG on the conviction rate was not significant. However, confidence in the not-guilty verdict increased and participants were influenced by the final arguments based on the FG result. This indicates the efficacy of focus groups in writing a final argument mentioned in the deliberation.
1 0 0 0 OA 『新民事訴訟法研究』(第二回) 証人尋問(その二)
- 著者
- 菅原 郁夫
- 出版者
- 早稲田大学法学会
- 雑誌
- 早稲田法学 (ISSN:03890546)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.74, no.2, pp.492-518, 1999-02-20