著者

Masa-Aki YAMADA Saburo NAWA Takao K. WATANABE

出版者

The Genetics Society of Japan

雑誌

遺伝学雑誌 (ISSN:0021504X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.301-305, 1982 (Released:2006-07-25)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

12 17

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A mutant of a strain of the SR organisms (SRO, transovarially transmitted male-killing spiroplasmas) of Drosophila is described. The mutant, NSRO-A, has lost the male-specific killing activity on host flies, but maintains other properties such as the clump forming spectrum and the extractable titer of the associated virus as original NSRO strain.

著者

中川 昌治 M. Santosh 吉倉 紳一 原田 亜実 三浦 正裕 福田 照久 松田 靖正 桑田 泰宏 K. J. Mathew P. T. Ambujakshan H. Thampy

出版者

一般社団法人日本粘土学会

雑誌

粘土科学討論会講演要旨集 第48回 粘土科学討論会 (ISSN:24330566)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.23, 2004 (Released:2006-05-13)

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南インドKerala州のTrivandrum近郊では,良質のカオリン粘土の鉱床が多く存在し,紙や衛生陶器用に採掘されている.カオリナイトと少量の石英からなる白色塊状粘土の層が第三紀層中に胚胎し,鉱床上部にはラテライト化した砂質カオリンが分布する.これらの粘土中のカオリナイトはXRDとSEMから結晶性が非常に高い.基盤岩(先カンブリア時代のアルミナ質グラニュライト)が強烈な風化変質作用を受けカオリン化し,近くの湖に堆積してできたと考えられる.

著者

ノーマン K. R. 武田 龍

出版者

パーリ学仏教文化学会

雑誌

パーリ学仏教文化学 (ISSN:09148604)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.1-24, 1997

著者

Keith A. GARLEB Maureen K. SNOWDEN Bryan W. WOLF JoMay CHOW

出版者

公益財団法人 腸内細菌学会

雑誌

腸内細菌学雑誌 (ISSN:13430882)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.43-54, 2002 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

119

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フラクトオリゴ糖は医療用食品に理想的な発酵性食物繊維源である.医療用食品の典型は液体であり, 多くはチューブを介して患者に給与される.チューブから給与される液体医療用食品は粘度が低くなければならない.フラクトオリゴ糖は可溶性であり, 栄養チューブに詰まらず, 製剤の粘度を大きく上昇させることがない.医療用食品にフラクトオリゴ糖を使用する理論的根拠として腸管機能の正常化, 大腸完全性の維持, 腸管定着抵抗性の回復, 窒素排泄経路の変化, カルシウム吸収の改善が挙げられる.腸管機能の正常化とは, 医療用食品を給与されている患者での便秘または下痢の治療もしくは予防を指す.フラクトオリゴ糖は結腸内の細菌による嫌気性発酵と短鎖脂肪酸の産生を介して大腸萎縮の予防や遠位潰瘍性大腸炎の治療に有用と思われる.またビフィドバクテリウム属の増殖を選択的に助ける, またはある種の病原微生物の増殖を促進しない環境 (例: 短鎖脂肪酸濃度の上昇, pHの低下) を作ることから, 腸管定着抵抗性の回復に役立っ.フラクトオリゴ糖の嫌気性発酵では細菌細胞の成長と結腸pHの低下が起こるため, 窒素の排泄経路が尿から糞に移ると考えられる.カルシウム吸収が改善されるのは短鎖脂肪酸吸収と大腸pH低下が関与するメカニズムを介するためと思われる.総合すると, 液体製剤との適合性と患者に対する数多くの生理的利点が, 医療用食品にフラクトオリゴ糖を使用する十分な根拠となる.

著者

Mostafa K. EL-AWADY Wael EL-GARF Lamia EL-HOUSSIENY

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.37-46, 2004 (Released:2004-03-04)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

11 17

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Testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are the principal male hormones (androgens) in mammals. The enzyme, steroid 5α reductase catalyzes the conversion of testosterone (T) to its biologically potent steroid (DHT) in androgen dependent tissues. Two 5α reductase isoenzymes have been identified in rat tissues. The type I isoenzyme has been shown to be predominately expressed in the rat liver, whereas androgen target tissues of the genital tract express mainly isoenzyme II. The effects of androgens and glucocorticoids on the abundance of steroid 5α reductase type I (5αR1) messenger RNA in the rat liver were examined. Steady state levels of 5αR1 mRNA decreased dramatically to 1.5% of control levels 14 days following adrenalectomy (ADX), whereas dexamethasone (Dex) administered (0.5 mg/100 g) to ADX animals enhanced the expression of 5αR1 to twice its' normal values within 40 hours. Bilateral orchiectomy induced, within eight days, the expression of 5αR1 mRNA in the rat liver to 1.75 fold the normal value while testosterone injection failed to reduce this enhanced expression in castrated animals. Addition of Dex (1 μM) to primary cultures of rat hepatocyte resulted in a five- and three-fold reduction in the mRNA expression of 5αR1 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. DHT (0.5 μM) however, induced the expression of 5αR1 mRNA by two- and seven-fold 24 and 48 hours post-treatment, respectively. In vitro nuclear run-on analysis of the 5αR1 gene showed no correlation between the rate of synthesis and steady state levels of this mRNA either in the intact liver or in cultured hepatocytes. These results appear to suggest that glucocorticoids and androgens differentially regulate 5αR1 mRNA in the rat liver. Moreover, our findings appear to indicate that regulation of 5αR1 gene is primarily at the post-transcriptional level.

著者

R. J. Low K. Benirschke

出版者

Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.1-11, 1972-03-25 (Released:2009-03-19)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

12 12

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Studies of the chromosomes of a domesticated and five wild red foxes, Vulpes fulva, have produced chromosome counts of 35, 36, 37 and 38. Karyotypic analyses revealed that variations in the number of microchromosomes produced this polymorphism; moreover, it is suggested that these microchromosomes may arise from fragmentation of the macrochromosomes. Because it has not been possible to establish a consistent chromosome count for this species, it is further suggested that 2n=34 be used to describe the basic diploid count and that the number of microchromosomes present be added to this figure. Thus, a total chromosome count of 36 would, by the suggested system, be recorded as 2n=34+2m.

著者

一ノ宮美成 グループ・K21著

出版者

宝島社

巻号頁・発行日

2013

著者

NAKAMURA K.

雑誌

Bulletin of the College of Agriculture Utsunomiya University

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.1-8, 1999

被引用文献数

1

著者

K.S.フランク著 戸田聡訳

出版者

教文館

巻号頁・発行日

2002

著者

T.K.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本船舶海洋工学会

雑誌

造船協会雑纂 (ISSN:24331023)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.231, pp.355-357, 1941-06-15 (Released:2018-04-21)

著者

Kenta Masui Mio Harachi Webster K. Cavenee Paul S. Mischel Noriyuki Shibata

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY

雑誌

ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA (ISSN:00445991)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.1-10, 2020-02-28 (Released:2020-02-28)

参考文献数

85

被引用文献数

21

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Cancer is widely considered to be a set of genetic diseases that are currently classified by tissue and cell type of origin and, increasingly, by its molecular characteristics. This latter aspect is based primarily upon oncogene gains, tumor suppressor losses, and associated transcriptional profiles. However, cancers are also characterized by profound alterations in cellular metabolism and epigenetic landscape. It is particularly noteworthy that cancer-causing genomic defects not only activate cell cycle progression, but regulate the opportunistic uptake and utilization of nutrients, effectively enabling tumors to maximize growth and drug resistance in changing tissue and systemic microenvironments. Shifts in chromatin architecture are central to this dynamic behavior. Further, changes in nutrient uptake and utilization directly affect chromatin structure. In this review, we describe a set of recent discoveries of metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in cancer, and especially focus on the genomically well-characterized brain tumor, glioblastoma. Further, we discuss a new mode of metabolic regulation driven by epigenetic mechanisms, that enables cancer cells to autonomously activate iron metabolism for their survival. Together, these underscore the integration of genetic mutations with metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic shifts in cancer, suggesting a new means to identifying patient subsets suitable for specific precision therapeutics.

著者

Grant K. Goodman

出版者

Curzon

巻号頁・発行日

2000

著者

上田 誠也 Al-Damegh K.S. 吉田 均

出版者

地震予知総合研究振興会

雑誌

地震ジャ-ナル (ISSN:09125779)

巻号頁・発行日

no.26, pp.34-43, 1998-12

著者

Evan L. ANDERSON Blair K. TROUDT Philippe BÜHLMANN

出版者

The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry

雑誌

Analytical Sciences (ISSN:09106340)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.187-191, 2020-02-10 (Released:2020-02-10)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

7

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Porous glass frits are frequently used to contain the salt bridges through which reference electrodes interface samples. Prior work with widely used glass frits with 4 – 10 nm diameter pores showed that, when samples have a low electrolyte strength, electrostatic screening of sample ions by charged sites on the glass surface occurs. This creates an ion-specific phase-boundary potential at the interface between the sample and frit, and it biases the potential of the reference half-cell. Use of frits with much larger pores eliminates this problem but results in the need for frequent replenishing of the bridge electrolyte. A methodical study to determine the optimum pore size has been missing. We show here that charge screening of sample ions occurs when the pore size of nanoporous glass frits is on the order of 1 – 50 nm and samples have a low electrolyte strength. An increase in pores size to 100 nm eliminates charge screening in samples with ionic strengths in the 1.0 M to 3.3 × 10−4 M range. However, the rates of electrolyte solution flow through frits with 1, 5, 20, 50, and 100 nm pores are still low, which makes diffusion the dominant mode of ion transport into and out of these frits. Consequently, the flow of bridge electrolyte into samples is not fast enough to prevent diffusion of ions and electrically neutral components from the sample diffusing into the salt bridge, which can result in cross contamination among samples.

著者

山岸 厚仁 中島 定彦 廣野 翔太 三島 美緑 木本 琢海 記田 浩明 鹿瀬 大稀 松藤 未宇 酒井 太郎 賈 擎宇 橋本 侑希美 水江 春美 大久保 綾香 北野 孝太 佐藤 暢哉 Atsuhito Yamagishi Sadahiko Nakajima S. Hirono M. Mishima T. Kimoto H. Kida D. Shikase M. Matsufuji T. Sakai S. Ka Y. Hashimoto H. Mizue A. Okubo K. Kitano Nobuya Sato

出版者

関西学院大学心理科学研究室

雑誌

関西学院大学心理科学研究 = Kwansei Gakuin University, bulletin of psychological science research (ISSN:21876355)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.9-18, 2019-03

著者

Mitsukuri K.

出版者

日本動物学会

雑誌

日本動物学彙報

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.31-42, 1897

被引用文献数

1

著者

Mitsukuri,K.

出版者

日本動物学会

雑誌

日本動物学彙報

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, 1897

著者

K・クレッシェル [著] 石川武監訳

出版者

創文社

巻号頁・発行日

1996

著者

Kenji K. Kojima

出版者

The Genetics Society of Japan

雑誌

Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.6, pp.233-252, 2019-12-01 (Released:2020-01-30)

参考文献数

172

被引用文献数

84

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The majority of eukaryotic genomes contain a large fraction of repetitive sequences that primarily originate from transpositional bursts of transposable elements (TEs). Repbase serves as a database for eukaryotic repetitive sequences and has now become the largest collection of eukaryotic TEs. During the development of Repbase, many new superfamilies/lineages of TEs, which include Helitron, Polinton, Ginger and SINEU, were reported. The unique composition of protein domains and DNA motifs in TEs sometimes indicates novel mechanisms of transposition, replication, anti-suppression or proliferation. In this review, our current understanding regarding the diversity of eukaryotic TEs in sequence, protein domain composition and structural hallmarks is introduced and summarized, based on the classification system implemented in Repbase. Autonomous eukaryotic TEs can be divided into two groups: Class I TEs, also called retrotransposons, and Class II TEs, or DNA transposons. Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, including endogenous retroviruses, non-LTR retrotransposons, tyrosine recombinase retrotransposons and Penelope-like elements, are well accepted groups of autonomous retrotransposons. They share reverse transcriptase for replication but are distinct in the catalytic components responsible for integration into the host genome. Similarly, at least three transposition machineries have been reported in eukaryotic DNA transposons: DDD/E transposase, tyrosine recombinase and HUH endonuclease combined with helicase. Among these, TEs with DDD/E transposase are dominant and are classified into 21 superfamilies in Repbase. Non-autonomous TEs are either simple derivatives generated by internal deletion, or are composed of several units that originated independently.

著者

Gail S. Chambers William K. Cummings

出版者

Institute of International Education

巻号頁・発行日

1990