著者

北村 信也 宮村 紘 磯辺 隆一 福岡 功博 平居 正純

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, 1982-03-05

著者

福島 政治

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鐵と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.12, pp.1128-1142, 1954-12-25 (Released:2009-07-09)

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Side-blown baby-bessemer converters are employed in foundries for the production of steel castings, in U.S.S.R. recently, however, a large number of this type of converters are also used for the production of steel ingots under a new name of "Soviet Union's Process." And also, they assert that steel made by the side-blown converters have lower gas content and higher resistance to the low-temperature shortness than the others made by the open hearth furnace. The distinctive point of this new process is to use the over-heated low-Si molten pig iron (0.3-0.5% Si, 1400-1450°C) in the converter. Therefore, it seems to be nearly identical with the old Swedish process, but they maintain that it is their own process.Normally, in the baby-bessemer process, or in the high-or medium-Si process, they refine hematite pig iron, which is usually melted in usual cupolas. In works producing steel ingots by this new process, however, the cupolas are of a special design and the charge employed contains high percentages of steel scrap (90-95%), which is partially recarburized before blowing in the converter.From the results of several practical studies on the high Si Process (>1.6% Si), the medium Si process (1.1-1.6% Si), the low-Si process (<1.0% Si) and this new process by a 1.5t converter in each, merits of this new process were pointed out as follows;a) The shortening of the blowing time.b) The lessening of the blowing-loss of molten metal.c) The increasing of the steel scrap in the raw material of cupola.In the Chinese communist region, lately, in some works this type of converters are also used for the production of steel ingots, and they are blowing the comparatively lower Si molten pig iron (0.8-1.2% Si, 1300-1350°C) in the converter. It may be said that, from the great demand of steels in that region, this simple process will be developed more and more in future.

著者

蜂谷 茂雄

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鐵と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.6, pp.613-626, 1942-06-25 (Released:2009-07-09)

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The Yawata Iron Works have intended to practise the pig-ore process in the 100ton open hearth furnace being supplemented with the mixer for preliminary smelting.However, owing to shortage of the capacity of the mixer, they are partly obliged to practise the ordinary pig-ore process by using the open hearth furnace alone. The author explained the pig-ore process by the parallel use of an open hearth furnace and a mixer, citing the actual operations with special reference to the control of slags which is necessary for the open hearth furnace smelting. Moreover, the author described the actual operation of redressing the hearth which plays the important role in improving the efficiency of the pig ore process, some points of improvement in the body of the open hearth furnace developed since beginning and informed experiences and results of using the mixed gas as fuel.

著者

伊藤 好二

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.137-148, 1990-02-01 (Released:2010-02-16)

参考文献数

24

著者

李 松杰 秋山 英二 篠原 正 松岡 和巳 押川 渡

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.11, pp.651-658, 2013 (Released:2013-10-31)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

5

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Electrochemical hydrogen permeation tests of pure Fe sheets rusted by cyclic corrosion test (CCT) and atmospheric exposure were carried out under controlled temperature and humidity to investigate the influence of atmospheric corrosion on the hydrogen entry behavior. The hydrogen entry into the Fe specimens rusted by CCT increased under wet condition, and the hydrogen entry was increased with the CCT cycle number. During drying process after the wetting, hydrogen entry was further enhanced and a peak of hydrogen current was observed. The peak hydrogen permeation current tended to increase with the growth of rust layer, and the peak value of the hydrogen permeation current became remarkably higher than that at the highest humidity when the rust layer was relatively thick. Similar enhancement of hydrogen entry into an outdoor-exposed specimen was also observed during drying. Drying process after CCT resulted in an increase in hydrogen content of 5 mm-thick steel specimens measured by means of thermal desorption analysis, indicating the enhancement of hydrogen entry during drying process and showing a good agreement with the electrochemical hydrogen permeation test results. It is required to take into consideration the enhanced hydrogen entry to estimate concentration of hydrogen from the environment.

著者

堀川 一男 梅沢 義信 世良 真一 合田 孝純 中島 貞一 足立 彰 水川 清 作井 誠太 中村 正久 布村 成具 大森 正信 藤原 達雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.3, pp.418-430, 1961-03-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

著者

多賀谷 正義

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.8, pp.730-753, 1938-08-25

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In the previous reports the corrosion tests of many kinds of cast iron having various compositions and structures were carried out, and determined that the corrosion amount in a dilute nitric acid solution (0.5 N) is very small with the gray cast irons these contain free ferrite or greater amount of sulphide in pearlite matrix, this kind of gray cast iron evolves a pretty amount of gas in such a dilute nitric acid while the gray cast irons of pearlite matrix do not evolve any gas in the nitric acid solution of the same concentration. Then the rate of evolution of gas was measured and the chemical composition of the gases were determined. The gases evolve always periodically and greater part of them are hydrogen. From this fact and other experimental results, the writer concluded as following. In a dilute nitric acid gray cast iron first evolves hydrogen as a result of the electrolytic action caused by graphite (Cathode) and ferrite (Anode) while the ferrite is anodically oxidized and temporarilly brought to passive state, so that the dissolution ceases. In the next stage the passive state is destroyed by the acid and direct reaction between iron and nitric acid takes place, in this stage ferrite is severely attacked but non gas is evolved and instead of hydrogen ammonia and hydroxylamine these are soluble in the solution or complex iron salt are formed. In the 3rd stage hydrogen is evolved again by electrolytic action as the former case. These changes are repeated periodically in the progress of dissolution of gray cast iron in a dilute nitric acid. In another experiment the electrode potentials of various structural constituents of gray cast iron were measured in a normal ferrous chloride solution against the normal calomel electrode at 30℃. The results are as following ; graphite cathodically treated in 1N hydrochloric +0.2750^u, Fe_aC -0.2357^u, Fe_3P -0.2971^u, MnS 0^u, FeS -0.3600^u, [60% MnS+40% FeS] (solid solution) -0.4407^u. Also the E. M. F. of galvanic cells consist of ferrite and one of these constituents were measured in 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution at 30℃, and the following results were obtained ; graphite^+-ferrite^- 0.9810^u, graphite^+-ferrite^- (containing 0.34% Cu) 0.9535^u, Fe_3C^+-ferrite^- 0.3508^u, Fe_3C^+-ferrite^- (containing 0.34% Cu) 0.3064^u, Fe_3P^+-ferrite^- 0.2100^u, [MnS+FeS]^+-ferrite^- 0.3260^u. In the 1st and 2nd report the writer concluded that gray cast iron dissolves in a dilute hydrochloric acid mainly with the electrolytic reaction caused by local galvanic cells consist of ferrite and graphite or other noble constituents. These present experimental results gree with the former results of corrosion test as described in the previous reports.

著者

高橋 恒夫 村上 雄 岡田 千里 藤井 則久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.15, pp.1818-1824, 1985-11-01 (Released:2010-01-18)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4

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14世紀,17世紀に作られた日本刀四振を切断し調査する機会に恵まれた.その結果を総括しながら注目された事項を述べると以下のとおりである.1)組成的には炭素以外の元素が極たて少ない高純度炭素鋼である.このことは既に知られていることではあるが,高純度であることが,刃金,芯金,皮金,あるいは棟金それぞれの鍛接性を良くしているのであろう.また,これが耐食性を高たているという報告もある.高純度化はあるいは靱性向上への寄与もあるのかもしれない.現代工業的に生産される鋼とオーダーの違う純度とみなせるもので,現代の工業材料を高純度化することで何か画期的特性が期待できるのではなかろうか.2)非金属介在物の量が極めて多いことに驚かされた.この量は現代の工業用鋼の1~2桁多い量といえよう.このような多量の介在物が存在するにもかかわらず日本刀独特の強靱性を有するということは,すべての介在物を皆無にする必要はなく,ポイントを抑えた生産技術を採用することの重要性を教えられる気がする.3)SHERBYはダマスカス刀,日本刀を範として超高炭素鋼(例えば1.6%C鋼)と極低炭素鋼の複合材を現代工業材料として用いることを提案している,まさに同感である。今回調査した刀のうち,政光,忠廣は明らかに低炭素成分の芯金を高炭素の刃金,皮金で覆つたマクロ的複合材である.一方,忠重の作法はダマスカス刀に似た.高炭素,低炭素材を折り返し折り返し鍛造したものと推定される.高炭素,低炭素組成のそれぞれの特徴を生かした複合材として刀としての特性は似かよつたものであろうが,製法は全くちがつたものと思われる.このような推論も現代の材料技術へ反映させうるひとつのヒントとならないかと考える.

著者

毛利 良一 寺門 良二 樋口 紀生 大木 孝 中島 浩衛 新橋 一郎

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.13, 1983-09-03

著者

加藤 榮一

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.5, pp.764-775, 1988-05-01 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

2 3

著者

佐藤 成男 黒田 あす美 佐藤 こずえ 熊谷 正芳 ステファヌス ハルヨ 友田 陽 齋藤 洋一 轟 秀和 小貫 祐介 鈴木 茂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.4, pp.201-207, 2018 (Released:2018-03-31)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

10

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To investigate the characteristics of dislocation evolution in ferritic and austenitic stainless steels under tensile deformation, neutron diffraction line-profile analysis was carried out. The austenitic steel exhibited higher work hardening than the ferritic steel. The difference in the work hardening ability between the two steels was explained with the dislocation density estimated by the line-profile analysis. The higher dislocation density of the austenitic steel would originate from its lower stacking fault energy. Dislocation arrangement parameters indicated that the strength of interaction between dislocations in the austenitic steel was stronger than that in the ferritic steel. This would mainly originate from the difference in dislocation substructures; while dislocation tangle, which can be prompted by the cross slip, was expected in the ferritic steels, highly dense dislocation walls induced by planar glide of dislocations as well as the tangle were expected in the austenitic steel. It was confirmed that the stronger interaction between dislocations in the austenitic steel resulted in the smaller strain field of dislocation. Consequently, the coefficient for the root square of dislocation density in the Bailey-Hirsh equation became smaller in the austenitic steel. X-ray diffraction line-profile analysis was also carried out for the tensile-deformed specimens. The dislocation arrangement parameter evaluated by X-ray diffraction was smaller than that evaluated by neutron diffraction. This would be caused by the difference in the relationship between the loading direction and the scattering vector. On the other hand, the dislocation density evaluated by both methods was almost identical.

著者

友田 陽 関戸 信彰 徐 平光 川崎 卓郎 ハルヨ ステファヌス 田中 雅彦 篠原 武尚 蘇 玉華 谷山 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.10, pp.570-578, 2017 (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

15 17

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Various methods were employed to measure the austenite volume fraction in a 1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.2C steel. It has been confirmed that the volume fractions determined by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/electron back scatter diffraction, X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction exhibit a general trend to become larger in this order, although the values obtained by X-ray and neutron diffraction are similar in the present steel because austenite is relatively stable. The austenite volume fractions determined by diffraction methods have been found to be affected by the measuring specimen direction, i.e., texture, even by applying the conventional correcting procedure. To avoid this influence, it is recommended to measure both of volume fraction and texture simultaneously using neutron diffraction. Although synchrotron X-ray shows higher angle resolution, its small incident beam size brings poor statistic reliability. The influence of texture cannot be avoided for transmission Bragg edge measurement, either, which must be overcome to realize 2D or 3D volume fraction mapping.

著者

岡田 厚正 山本 恭永 依田 連平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.9, pp.1186-1192, 1987-07-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

18

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In this study, eighteen kinds of polycrystalline pure metals were provided to investigate the hot-hardness and the indentation creep characteristics at elevated temperatures.The inflection temperatures where the hot-hardness started to decrease quickly with increasing temperature were observed in the range from 0.35 to 0.68 Tm (where Tm was melting point on the absolute scale), and were calculated as 0.49 Tm on the average.However, in some semi-conductor metals such as Si or Ge, the second inflection temperature appeared.The slope of the plot of logHV-logt (t was indentation creep time in sec.) which was defined as "indentation creep rate" was the largest in Mo and the smallest in Si at 0.60 Tm. There was a tendency for the indentation creep rate to increase linearly with increasing homologous temperature, and the slope of the line was the largest in bcc and it became smaller with fcc and cph systems.On the other hand, in the case of semiconductors the indentation creep rate decreased with increasing temperature up to the second inflection temperature.The activation energies of pure metals calculated from the indentation creep were close to those for selfdiffusion.

著者

赤間 大地 土山 聡宏 高木 節雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.5, pp.230-235, 2017 (Released:2017-04-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

8

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The dislocation strengthening was estimated by applying the dislocation theory for a Fe-18%Ni alloy which has a lath martensitic structure. The yield stress of highly dislocated metals is dependent on both the friction stress and the dislocation strengthening. Regarding the coefficient of dislocation strengthening, it is governed by the shear modulus of metals. Ni addition plays a role in increasing the friction stress but decreases the shear modulus. This means that the coefficient of dislocation strengthening is smaller in the Fe-18%Ni alloy than pure iron. It was confirmed that the yield stress, which was experimentally obtained in Fe-18%Ni alloy, is reasonably explained by the mechanism of dislocation strengthening, taking the effects of Ni into consideration. On the other hand, in the case of lath martensite with a dislocation density of 2×1015 /m2, it was also found that the effect of Ni addition does not appear on the yield stress because the increment of solid solution strengthening is cancelled out by the decrement of dislocation strengthening.

著者

周 世栄 村上 敬宜 福島 良博 ベレッタ ステファノ

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.12, pp.748-755, 2001-12

被引用文献数

2

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It is well known that the scatter of fatigue strength of high strength steels is caused by nonmetallic inclusions. The lower bound of the scatter of fatigue strength can be predicted by considering the maximum size of nonmetallic inclusions. Thus, it is of practical importance to estimate the maximum size of nonmetallic inclusions by appropriate inclusion rating methods. Most rational and convenient method to predict the maximum size of inclusions is the one based on the statistics of extremes. Therefore, recently the inclusion rating based on the statistics of extremes has been used by many industries, though the rating methods are mostly two-dimensional (2D) optical methods. It is known that the accuracy of the 2D method is lower than the exact 3D method. In addition, when multiple type inclusions having different chemical composition are contained in a material, the statistics of extremes distribution does not necessarily become a single straight line but become a bilinear line. The objectives of the present study are (1) to clarify the validity of the 2D method and (2) to establish the method to predict the maximum inclusion size when the statistics extremes distribution becomes bilinear. The results obtained show that the 2D method is basically correct as predicted by the computer simulation. When a bilinear distribution is obtained, it is necessary to determine the minimum inspection area S_<crit> for predicting the maximum size of the larger type inclusions, which become the fatigue fracture origins of components.

著者

加藤 健三

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.6, 1982-04-01

著者

江藤 学

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.3, pp.N176-N177, 1993-03-01

著者

本村 貢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.14-21, 1986-01-01 (Released:2010-02-16)

参考文献数

16

著者

前野 圭輝 田中 將己 吉村 信幸 白幡 浩幸 潮田 浩作 東田 賢二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.12, pp.667-674, 2012 (Released:2012-11-30)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

7 27

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In order to elucidate the mechanism behind the decrease in the brittle-to-ductile transition (BDT) temperature with the addition of Ni, impact tests and tensile tests were performed at various test temperatures from 130K to 320K with Ni added ultra-low carbon steels. The dependence of absorbed impact energy on temperature and the Ni content indicates that the BDT temperature was decreased with the increasing Ni content, which suggests that the dislocation mobility at low temperatures was increased with the Ni content. The yield stress which is also influenced by the dislocation mobility was decreased at low temperatures while it was increased at room temperature with the Ni content. The values of the activation volume and the effective stress were measured at several temperatures, and then the dependence of the activation energy for dislocation gliding on Ni content was obtained by extrapolating the relation between temperature and the multiplication of the activation volume and the effective stress to 0K. The activation energy was found to decrease with the increasing Ni content, which suggests that the dislocation mobility was increased with the addition of Ni. Discrete dislocation dynamics simulation was also performed in order to calculate the dependence of fracture toughness on temperature and the Ni content, and it was clarified that the BDT temperature is decreased by increasing dislocation mobility.

著者

堀川 一男

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.7, pp.705-715, 1953-07-25

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As a high-tensile steel sheet for ship-building a Mn bearing low alloy steel like DS was hitherto used, but since electric arc welding became widely applied for the purpose of saving weight and labor, high tensile steel of superior weldability has been in demand. This study was made by the Japanese Navy technical staffs during the World War II. Eleven kinds of steel regarded as being suitable for welding were selected with reference to the Japanese and foreign technical literatures. Thirteen kinds of steel in all including DS and HT selected for comparison with these steels were melted with a high frequency furnace and then rolled into sheets of 12mm width. The mechanical properties, weldability and strength of butt-welded joint of these experimentally manufactured steel sheets were tested. As a result of tests, it was confirmed that DS and HT hitherto used had quite inferior weldability, while Si-Mn steel showed the most excellent properties. In view of the test results and from the standpoint of mass production and domestic natural resources, the standard of the components of steel experimetally manufactured by an O.H. furnace was determined as follows : C 0.15&acd;0.20%, Si 0.3&acd;0.7% and Mn 0.9&acd;1.2%. Eight charges were melted, poured into 6&acd;18t ingots and rolled into 12&acd;22 mm wide sheets in the Kure Naval Arsenal and Yawata Iron Works. Several types were performed on these experimentally manufactured sheets, and they showed generally satisfactory results. Mechanical properties of these sheets were as follows : Yield point 32&acd;43 kg/mm^2, tensile strength 52&acd;60 kg/mm^2, elongation 23&acd;32% (G.L.=200 mm) Trial use of these sheets for construction of submarines with an application of welding showed excellent results without causing any defects.