著者

梅本 実 田村 今男

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.383-392, 1982-03-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

4 4

著者

郡司 好喜

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.N176-N186, 1994-04-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

3 3

著者

俵 國一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.6, pp.566-579, 1920-06-25 (Released:2009-05-26)

著者

杉本 孝一

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.14, pp.2203-2220, 1974-12-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

19 17

著者

今宿 晋 大谷 一誓 河合 潤

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.7, pp.905-910, 2014 (Released:2014-06-30)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 2

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We have recently realized an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrometer with a palm-top size chamber including the electron source and the sample stage using a pyroelectric crystal as the electron source. In the present study, we carried out microanalysis and elemental mapping using the portable EPMA and CL spectrometer. As for the portable EPMA, the electron beam bombarded a sample and the wall of the stainless steel chamber due to using a LiTaO3 single crystal with a cuboidal shape. The electron beam was focused on the sample by setting a metal needle on the pyroelectric crystal and covering the needle holder with an insulating material. The spot size of the focused electron beam was 300 μm. We succeeded in elemental analysis in micro-scale region using the focused electron beam. The portable EPMA can also detect light elements such as Mg, Al and Si by introducing the X-ray detector into sample chamber. The portable CL spectrometer can detect ppm order of rare-earth elements in a mineral ore. The portable CL spectrometer can also perform an elemental mapping of rare-earth elements by capturing a CL image with CMOS camera.

著者

福井 彰一

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.151-161, 1969-02-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

16 10

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The influence of tempering on the delayed fracture characteristics in 0.1N HCl solution, the initiationand propagation behavior of cracks in delayed fracture and the hydrogen embrittlement characteristics in-tensile tests have been studied in metallurgical view point for several low-alloy steels with the difference in, carbon content and tempering behavior.In general, the delayed fracture strength ratio (fracture strength at 30hr in life divided by static strength)-varied depending on the hardness of the steel, and showed almost constant value of 0.85 in all steels with thehardness up to Hv 350 and rapidly decreased the value with increase in hardness above Hv 350.Contradictorily to the general aspects described above, an abnormal increase appeared in the delayed.fracture strength ratio for the steel tempered at about 250°C, independently on the hardness of the steel.This phenomenon shifted to the higher tempering temperature as silicon content in the steel was increased.Considering the stabilizing effect of silicon on epsilon carbides, it is supposed that the phenomenon is attributedto the precipitation of epsilon carbides.The cracks in delayed fracture initiated at the prior austenite grain boundaries, but the propagation pathdiffered according as the tempering condition of the steel. It has been observed that the cracks propagatedat the prior austenite grain boundaries in the steels tempered in the temperature range of primary temper-brittleness (500°F embrittlement), and mainly propagated across the interior of the grains the steelstempered in the temperature out of the range of primary temper-brittleness.From the results of the electron microscopic observation of the precipitation behavior of carbides, ithas been observed that cementites precipitated in a line at the prior austenite grain boundaries in the specimenof which crack in delayed fracture propagated along the grain boundaries. The delayed fracturestrength of these steels were inferior to those cracks propagated across the interior of the grains.The dependence of the degree of hydrogen embrittlement, which was indicated as the decrease of the reductionof area in tensile test for the steel dipped in 0.1N HCl solution, on the tempering temperature was in goodagreement with that of the delayed fracture strength in the same solution. This fact suggests that themicrostructure of the steel contributed in the same way to both of the delayed fracture strength and the hydrogen embrittlement.

著者

杉本 克久

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.7, pp.637-649, 1984-05-01 (Released:2009-06-30)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

14 6

著者

吉崎 鴻造

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.170-172, 1961-02-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

著者

鈴木 章 内山 郁 太田 豊彦 飯田 義治 野中 浩 小川 治夫 岡野 忍 成田 貴一 山田 史郎 谷口 政行 久次米 章 鈴木 武 江藤 重任 梅田 洋一 山田 恭暉 武井 格道 島田 春夫 大羽 信夫 長岡 豊 岩田 至弘 小池 与作 満尾 利晴 高見 敏彦 北材 征義 角田 方衛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.5, pp.S40-S46, 1967

著者

山﨑 重人 田中 將己 森川 龍哉 渡部 康明 山下 満男 和泉 栄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.TETSU-2021-069, (Released:2021-08-05)

参考文献数

46

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Cleavage fracture of C14 Fe2W Laves phase was investigated using crystal orientation measurement with scanning electron microscopy and first-principles calculations. Trace analysis of the orientations of cleavage planes reveals that cleavage fracture occurred at five types of crystal planes of (0001), {1100}, {1120}, {1101} and {1122}, among which the fracture at (0001) is the most preferable. The first-principle calculations of the surface energy for fracture, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio showed that the minimum fracture toughness value of 1.62 MPa·m1/2 was obtained at (0001). The tendency that the values of calculated fracture toughness become larger with the higher indexed planes is almost the same as the frequency of the types of cleavage planes in the trace analysis. It is concluded that the fracture toughness of C14 Fe2W Laves phase is controlled by the surface energy for fracture and Young’s modulus.

著者

田村 節夫

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.15, pp.2108-2115, 1982

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高炉耐火物の損傷機構と対策,および耐火物侵食診断技術の現状について概説した.<BR>耐火物は種々の原因によつて損傷されるが,いずれにおいても,何らかの形で炉内温度変動が関与しており,損傷の直接原囚として,遠因として,あるいは加速要因として作用する.従つて,炉況の安定が耐火物損傷防止の基本であり,また逆に損傷防止が炉況の安定につながることから,耐火物の寿命延長と安定操業は不可分の関係にある.<BR>また損傷機構の解明は,耐火物の材質・構造選定の上からも重要であり,このため損傷過程にある耐火物サンプルの解析あるいは試験室的な損傷状況の再現試験が有力な手段となろう.<BR>診断技術については,単に侵食量の推定だけでなく,れんが内で生じる現象,たとえば,き裂の発生,れんがの変質,溶銑の侵入,付着物の形成などの検出,推定まで含めた診断技術の開発が必要である.

著者

宅田 裕彦 蟹江 智文 磯貝 栄志 吉田 亨

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.6, pp.553-559, 2005-06-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

11 2

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In this study, first, the limit strains of a few types of high-strength steel sheets under various strain paths from balanced biaxial stretching to uniaxial tension are examined by the Marciniak-type in-plane biaxial stretching test. They are compared with those derived from some criteria for ductile fracture. It is found that the fracture strains derived from the criterion proposed by Cockcroft and Latham give the best fit to the experimental results. Next, as fundamental 3-dimensional press forming processes, the square cup deep drawing and the T-shape forming of the high-strength steel sheet are analyzed by the finite element method combined with the ductile fracture criterion. The dynamic explicit finite element program LS-DYNA ver. 970 with membrane shell is used. The comparison with the experimental results demonstrates that the fracture initiation sites and the critical punch strokes are successfully predicted by the present approach.

著者

天辰 正義

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.47-54, 2005-01-01 (Released:2010-05-25)

参考文献数

7

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(1)出土鉄滓の化学成分と製鉄工程の分類出十鉄滓の製鉄工程上の分類は,鉄滓の化学成分の分析結果によりT.FeとTiO2との関係図,および造滓成分(Slag Component SC=SiO2+Al2O3+CaO+MgO)とT.Feとの関係図から,砂鉄系製錬滓,鉄鉱石系製錬滓,砂鉄系精錬鍛冶滓,砂鉄系鍛錬鍛冶滓および付着滓に判別が可能であり,FeO-TiO2-SiO22状態図に基づいて検討した結果,以下の成分範囲に分類された。砂鉄系製錬滓は,20%≦TFe≦55%で1%≦TiO2≦40%の範囲にあって,SC≒30%である。また鉱石系製錬滓は,30%≦T,Fe≦50%でTiO2≦1%の範囲にあって,30%≦SC≦56%の範囲にある。砂鉄系精錬鍛冶滓は,45%≦TFe≦65%で,05%≦TiO2≦15%の範囲にあって,20%≦SC≦30%の範囲にある。砂鉄系鍛錬鍛冶滓は50%≦TFe≦70%で,TiO2≦15%の範囲にあって,SC≦20%の範囲にある。付着滓は,T.Fe≦20%で,60%≦SC≦90%の範囲にある。TiO2≦0.5%では,砂鉄系と鉱石系の鍛冶滓の判別は難しいが,成分比MnO/TiO2のグラフから判別ができる場合がある。半還元砂鉄(含鉄滓),金属鉄と鉄滓が共存している鉄塊系遺物や銃化鉄を含む不均質な鉄津の判別では,化学成分の分析結果のみでは鉄滓の分類は難しい。X線回折や顕微鏡組織観察の結果も加え,さらに資料の考古学的検討の結果も配慮する必要がある。(2)砂鉄製錬の特徴造滓成分をSC=SiO2+Al2O3+CaO+MgOで代表し,T.Feとの関係を図示し,得られた分析データ群から平衡状態図において特定できる組成の特異点や外挿点との関係を解析した。砂鉄系製錬津のSCは,鉱石系製錬滓のSCより低くなるが,TiO2=0%から40%に増加しても,シリカ成分は40%から30%に減少するだけで鉄滓の融体化反応が維持されていたと推定された。すなわち,砂鉄中の二酸化チタン含有量が高い始発原料であっても,融体化反応は類似の造滓成分(SC≒30%一定)と同じような温度条件(約1250℃)で可能であるという砂鉄製錬の特徴が,平衡状態図の液相線と分析データの解析から得られた。

著者

相原 安津夫

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.35-46, 1981-01-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

著者

河村 驍

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.12, pp.1323-1346, 1919-12-25 (Released:2009-07-09)

著者

北野 智靖 田川 哲哉 粟飯原 周二 Mirco Daniel CHAPETTI 宮田 隆司

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.6, pp.401-406, 1997-06-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 1

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The influence of microstructure on non-propagating behavior of fatigue crack below the fatigue limit was investigated using low carbon steels with three different microstructures simulated heat affected zone of welds. Notched round bar specimens with different stress concentration factors were fatigued under axial loading at the stress ratios R=-1 (tension-compression). Fractographic and metallographic observations of non-propagating cracks at the stress level below fatigue limit were examined, and correlation between non-propagating crack and microstructures was investigated. Non-propagating cracks could be classified as Stage I or Stage II, depending on the microstructure and notch root radius. In the case of dull-notched specimens, where the notch factor in fatigue is proportional to stress concentration factor, the non-propagating crack is Stage I type regardless the microstructure, although Stage II type cracks were observed in sharp notched specimens for particular materials. The criteria for both Stage I and Stage II type non-propagating crack were discussed on the basis of the point stress model and fracture mechanics.

著者

剣持 一仁 鑓田 征雄 阿部 英夫 小堀 克浩 吉岡 正浩 清野 芳一

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.8, pp.485-489, 1997-08-01

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

3 1

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SUS304鋼板に特有の微小な表面欠陥である粒界浸食溝について,熱延鋼板の焼鈍,酸洗および冷間圧延時の生成挙動について検討し,以下の結果を得た。<BR>(1)熱延鋼板の焼鈍,酸洗における鋼板表層の粒界浸食溝は,焼鈍後の鋼板冷却時に生成し,酸洗により深さおよび幅ともに拡大する。<BR>(2)粒界浸食溝の生成に鋼板表層のCr欠乏層が関係する。<BR>(3)冷間圧延後の粒界浸食溝の低減に,ロール径,潤滑の有無,ロール粗さ,および圧下率が大きく影響し,本実験条件の範囲では圧延速度および圧延油の粘度の影響は小さい。<BR>(4)ロールバイト内部での粒界浸食溝の挙動について,ロールバイト入側では粒界浸食溝が口を開き拡大する。ロールバイト中央から出側にかけては,粒界浸食溝への圧延油封入量が影響し,少ない場合は粒界浸食溝が変形して平滑化しやすく,多い場合はさらに拡大するとして説明される。

著者

福山 誠司 横川 清志 山田 良雄 飯田 雅

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.6, pp.860-869, 1992-06-01 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

8 14

著者

西野 知良 本間 浩夫

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.7, pp.859-868, 1970-06-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

2 1

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The dependence of the yield stress of mild steel at low temperatures on grain size, strain rate and temperature was studied mainly by compressive deformation test.(1) The following equation relating strain rate (ε), temprature (T) and frictional stress (σt) of Petch equation was obtained;This is applicable when at is in the range of 8.7 to 28.2 kg/mm2. Strain rate exponent n and activation energy E are constant, both being independent on temperature, strain rate or stress. Above this stress level, n becomes larger but E is substantially invariable.(2) According to the study on BCC metals, it can be said that they behave in a similar manner to mild steel. That is, is is in the range of 7 to 9, being constant and specific to BCC metals, and in addition, E is approximately proportional to an energy of μb3, where μ is the shear modulus and b the Burgers vector.(3) The relations between strain rate, grain size and ductile-brittle transition temperature were studied by using the above equation, and the calculated temperatures are generally in accordance with the measured values.

著者

藤尾 和樹 山本 厚之 西川 進

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.7, pp.372-377, 2015 (Released:2015-06-30)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

3 3

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Seizure tests were carried out on Ni-Cr-Mo abrasion resistant cast irons containing different amounts of graphite and eutectic carbides. Specimens were prepared with changing Cr and Ni contents based on 2.3% C-1.5% Si- 0.6 Mn- 1.8 Mo iron. Surfaces of the test pieces were finished with mechanical grinding or electro-spark machining up to roughness of Ra:0.30 ~ 0.35. Seizure properties were evaluated with using a high peripheral speed wear tester. Higher load was applied for evaluating seizure property, while lower load was applied for friction coefficient. Weight loss was also measured after testing. Surfaces of the specimen after seizure test were observed with SEM. The specimens with higher amounts of graphite showed lower friction at the early stage of seizure tests. When the testing load was increased, seizure was significantly occurred on the specimen with graphite. The effect of graphite for lubrication was also diminished in the case of wear tests under lower load except the early stage of testing. The electro-spark machining for surface finishing lead to exfoliation of graphite from the surface resulting in increase in friction coefficient. The specimen with higher amount of carbides showed superior wear properties.