著者

醍醐 市朗 五十嵐 佑馬 松野 泰也 足立 芳寛

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.1, pp.66-70, 2007-01-01

被引用文献数

2 17

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During the last two decades, the total material input in Japan has been about 2 billion tons, and approximately 50%, i.e., about 1 billion tons has accumulated as the net addition to stock in the form of buildings, social infrastructure, and various kinds of products. The amount of the net addition to stock is calculated annually from the differential between the input and the output. Therefore, the contents of the accumulated stock are unknown. It is said that these unknown contents include material that has already been discarded as invisible waste. In this study, dynamic material flow analysis was conducted to quantify the amount of stock that is not associated with social activities and cannot possibly be collected as scrap in the future. First, we defined some terms: in-use stock, hibernating stock, and overall stock. Hibernating stock comprises the steel used for the constructional material of land fill site, the steel dissipated by corrosion and erosion, etc. Furthermore, we defined the system boundary to account for the steel stock and constructed equations to calculate the three types of stock. To calculate the amount of in-use stock, a dynamic model-the population balance model-was adopted. The amounts of in-use stock and hibernating stock in Japan from 1980 to 2000 were calculated. The result shows that 0.96 billion tons of the in-use stock is included in the 1.22 billion tons of overall stock in the year 2000.

著者

加藤 周一 井口 泰孝 萬谷 志郎

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.2, pp.253-259, 1992-02-01

被引用文献数

1

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Deoxidation of liquid iron with barium was studied in the temperature range from 1600 to 1700℃. Barium and oxygen dissolved in liquid iron were brought into equilibrium in presence of pure barium oxide in the lime crucible under the inert gas atmosphere of argon. The equilibrium constant and standard free energy of the deoxidation reaction "BaO(s)=<Ba>___-(%)+O__-(%)" were obtained as follows : logK=-9980/T-1.82 (±0.11) △G°=191000+34.9T(J) (±4 kJ) The temperature dependences of the interaction parameters were expressed by the following equations : e^<Ba>_O=27.1-1.48×10^5/T e^O_<Ba>=233-1.27×10^6/T The standard free energy of solution of barium in liquid iron and the activity coefficient of barium in the infinite dilute liquid iron solution refered to pure barium (γ°_<Ba>) were calculated and discussed.

著者

前沢 昌武 白沢 忠雄 小野塚 一夫 小泉 忠義

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.390-392, 1958-03-01

著者

金沢 正午 中島 明 岡本 健太郎 鈴木 節雄

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.266-276, 1970-02-01

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It is reported in this paper that the combined addition of 0.03% Nb and 0.55% Mo in quenched and tempered steel has shown such a high strength increase that can not be deduced from the present knowledges. It is also investigated whether there is any other combination effects between elements of VIa or Va family and elements of VIa family in the periodic table, as in the case of Nb and Mo. 1. It is found that Nb-Mo added steels have the largest combination effect, Ti-Mo, Zr-Mo and Nb-Cr steels have a slight effects, and Ti-Cr, Zr-Cr, Nb-W steels have none of the combination effect. 2. The reason why such combination effect occurs has been investigated. It is found that, in the case of combination having such effective combination effect, a large number of, and a great amount of cubic duplex carbide particles of IVa or Va element containing VIa element in it precipitate in the course of tempering, and it is infered that such duplex carbides result in the great combination effect of the steel. 3. The extraction method of Nb or V precipitates from steels is investigated, and it is found that the best is the (1+1) HCl aq. extraction method.

著者

谷村 煕

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.7, pp.770-776, 1955 (Released:2012-07-12)

参考文献数

43

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A review of the iron and steel casting industry, during the past ten years, was described. The progress of the casting industry in this period has much correlation to the research activity in the pre-war and war time, therefore this review covers some details of pre-war progress.

著者

鈴木 正

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.11, pp.1991-2002, 1989-11-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

88

被引用文献数

2 1

著者

大和久 重雄

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.420-428, 1970-03-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1

著者

柳川 真之裕 渡邊 育夢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.TETSU-2023-080, (Released:2023-10-19)

参考文献数

21

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Yield-point phenomena in Ferrite–Pearlite duplex steels were investigated using multi-scale computational simulations. In this multi-scale simulations, stress–strain relationship of Ferrite phase was characterized by an elastoplastic constitutive model considering yield-drop behavior and its material constants were determined by minimizing residual error between a computational simulation and experiment of tensile test, where yield-point phenomenon in a tensile test of Ferrite steel was reproduced.Using the determined material response of Ferrite phase, finite element analyses of Ferrite–Pearlite duplex microstructure were performed to examine its macroscopic material response and its microscopic deformation mechanism. Besides, finite element analyses of tensile test based on the numerical results of microscopic finite element analysis were conducted to reproduce yield-point phenomena in Ferrite–Pearlite duplex steels.

著者

新井 宏

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.116-121, 2005-01-01 (Released:2010-01-18)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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Nothing tells us more eloquently on the level of a technology than the cost or the quantity. If we know the prices of some metals at any period in any location, we can discuss the technical level to a certain degree only from the information. From the above idea this author is carrying out a compilation of worldwide historical metal prices and so on. In this report this author deliberates on iron prices in ancient Japan and makes an attempt to compare the prices internationally with ancient China or medieval Europe. The results are summarized as follows. (1) The ratios of iron prices for rice prices in ancient Japan are concentrated in 6 to 8 (2) The values are slightly higher than in ancient China (the ratios of iron price for rice prices are about 5), but there is no significant difference. (3) As to ancient Europe there is no appropriate document but from the 14th England case (the ratio of iron price for wheal price is 4.8) there would not be much difference. (4) The ratio of iron price for rice price is gradually decreasing worldwide and reaches 2 in 17th or 18th century.

著者

長尾 高明

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.9, pp.1082-1088, 1987-07-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

百野 浩一 石井 純 細原 聖司 木島 秀夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.9, pp.728-737, 2023-09-01 (Released:2023-08-31)

参考文献数

29

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Used plastic waste flowing into ocean has become a worldwide problem. In recent years international trade in used waste plastics has been regulated. Therefore, a large amount of used plastic should be disposed domestically. On the other hand, used waste plastics with high calorific value could be used as an energy source. Then a gasification process of used plastics using fluidized bed has been newly developed. In this process, used plastics were decomposed in a fluidized bed reactor at around 600°C which was lower temperature than that used in current commercial processes. Higher calorific value gas could be attained by a gasification reaction control at the lower temperature. Hydrogen enriched gas generated from the water gas shift reaction of the basic oxygen furnace gas was used as fluidizing, or gasifying agent since hydrogen was considered to have an effect for promoting the decomposition reaction of hydrocarbon in used plastics. As fluid medium in the reactor, catalysts were used to improve gasification efficiency. In this study, the effect of gasification temperature and the type of the catalyst on a calorific value of produced gas and a gasification efficiency were investigated. High calorific value gas (LHV: 5000 kcal/Nm3) could be successfully produced from pyrolysis of used plastics by appropriate gasification temperature and catalyst.

著者

田口 茂樹 弘川 奨悟 安田 格 徳田 耕平 足立 吉隆

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.3, pp.142-148, 2017 (Released:2017-02-28)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

9 6

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Two kinds of advanced image processing were applied to multi-phase microstructures. One is evolutional image processing where optimized filter set was suggested by genetic programing. Another is trainable WEKA segmentation where features are extracted by many kinds of filters, followed by machine learning for classification. Once an optimized filter set is determined, efficiency of image processing for new data set is improved remarkably in comparison with a case of manual image processing.

著者

長谷川 熊彦

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.11, pp.1177-1192, 1968-09-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

著者

青木 祥宏 黒岩 良祐 藤井 英俊 村山 元 泰山 正則

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.7, pp.422-428, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

17 11

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Linear Friction Welding (LFW) is a solid-state joining process, in which a joint is obtained through the relative motion of two components under a high contact load. The most important factor of this conventional method is to obtain a fresh surface at the interface by expelling the weld interface as flash. In this study, medium carbon steel was welded by LFW at a low frequency, low amplitude and high applied pressure. As a result of the temperature measurements and microstructure observations, the maximum temperature of the weld plane was confirmed to be below the A1 transformation temperature, and martensitic transformation was prohibited at the weld interface. The key concept of this method are applying a large strain deformation to the interfaces to recrystallize at a lower temperature which is different from the conventional LFW.

著者

川﨑 大輝 松浦 宏行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.107, no.1, pp.92-102, 2021 (Released:2020-12-31)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

3 4

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To recover the barren coast or degraded paddy field, the supply of nutrient elements such as Fe is effective. Since steelmaking slag contains various kinds of potent elements, it is expected to be used as an environmental restoration material. The dissolution mechanism of various elements from slag and the influence of surrounding organic matters and microorganisms must be clarified to utilize steelmaking slag in these methods effectively. In this research, the dissolution tests were conducted by using synthesized CaO-SiO2-FeO-Al2O3-P2O5 amorphous slag samples and aqueous solutions containing gluconic acid. Concentration of various elements in the solution, especially Fe, increased by the addition of gluconic acid. To evaluate the effect of gluconic acid on the dissolution behavior quantitatively, the existence forms of various elements in the solution were thermodynamically estimated based on the experimental results. The maximum ratio of chelated iron to total iron was 97%, indicating that the increase in iron concentration by adding gluconic acid was owing to the formation of iron complex ions. On the contrary, concentrations of Ca, showing complex formation ratio low, or Si and P, for which the complex formation has not been reported, also increased by adding the acid. This suggested the existence of elution mechanisms other than complex formation.

著者

岩井 一彦 真野 義丈

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.8, pp.778-784, 2019 (Released:2019-07-31)

参考文献数

11

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Flow excitation in a solid-liquid mixed region surrounded by a solid layer is not easy because of difficulty of direct exertion of force on the liquid and large apparent viscosity. Ultrasound is expected as a flow excitation tool in the solid-liquid mixed region because it can transmit force from the outside of the surrounding solid layer. Thus, investigation on the liquid motion under the ultrasound imposition on the solid-liquid mixed region has been done in this study. Because of the large difference of acoustic impedance between an alumina and a polyacetal, they were chosen as the solid particles in the solid-liquid mixed region while water was chosen as the liquid. The superficial velocity in the solid-liquid mixed region increased as its length became shorter under the condition that the voltage on the ultrasound vibrator was constant. Apparent porosity under the imposition of the ultrasound was larger than the real porosity evaluated without the ultrasound when the water-alumina system was used, and the former increased as the solid-liquid mixed region length became shorter. On the other hand, the apparent porosity under the ultrasound imposition was only slightly larger than the real porosity without the ultrasound imposition in the case of the water-polyacetal system. The difference between these systems might be caused by the acoustic impedance difference between the alumina and the polyacetal.

著者

荒木 透 柴田 浩司

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.9, pp.2226-2237, 1975-07-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

参考文献数

39

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Grain refimng and plasticity induced by martensitic transformation are thought to be important for developing high strength steels with ductility. The phenomena are connected with the nucleation process of martensite, although the nucleation mechanism of martensite has been still obscure.In order to get some infbrmations of the nucleation effects of small pre-strain and austenitizing conditions on γ→α martensitic transformation of iron alloys have been investigated by measuring electric resistivity and hardness, and by optical-and electron-microscopy. A part of experimental results have been analyzed numerically by reaction rate equation. Merits and demerits of hitherto suggested models of martensitic nucleation are discussed comparing with the results of thiswork and adirection of future investigation is proposed.

著者

三木 正義 スシト ストモ 朝木 善次郎 近藤 良夫

出版者

The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.300-306, 1968-03-01 (Released:2010-10-12)

参考文献数

22

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The particle size distribution and the specific surface area were measured on the comminution products of high carbon ferrochrome ground in rod-and ball-mill for 0.5 to 8 hr.It was found that the Gaudin-Schuhmann equation (Eq.1) can be applied for the particle size dis-tribution in their over-micron range. On the other hand, the Charles equation (Eq. 2) on the energysize reduction relationship did not cover the whole range of comminution carried out and the size modulus, k, and the inverse of specific surface area, 1/S, were found to converge to their limiting values. On the other hand, the Harris equation (Eqs. 5 and 6) based on a modified logistic function fit well the energy-size reduction relationships. The limiting value of the size modulus k and the specific surface area S, were estimated as 22 to 26μ and 2 to 5×104 cm2/cm3, respectively.The specific surface area estimated on the basis of size distribution did not coincide with that measuredby the air permeability method. At longer grinding times, the measured values become larger than the estimated ones. This difference was supposed to be due to possible flocculation or welding during comminution which also increases with grinding time.

著者

久保 善博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.1, pp.25-32, 2023 (Released:2022-12-31)

参考文献数

13

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The aim of this project was to learn roles of titanium oxide (TiO2), an impurity contained in iron sand, in the products resulting from traditional iron making processes, tatara operations. For this purpose, iron sand was collected using two different mineral processing methods from four different locations in the Chugoku area of Japan, and these samples were used to run small-scale tatara experiments. Iron sand collected with traditional gravity separation method contained 8 to 12% TiO2, while iron sand collected with modern magnetic separation method contained less than 5% TiO2. When gravity-separated iron sand was used in a tatara under strong reducing conditions, zuku (cast iron) flowed out of the tatara. In contrast, magnetically collected iron sand failed to produce zuku, but did produce raw steel at the bottom of the furnace. Further, even magnetically isolated iron sand could produce zuku when it was supplemented with ilmenite, a titanium-iron oxide containing mineral. The results show that TiO2 plays a key role in producing cast iron in tatara operations, and the fact that Akome iron sand is known to produce cast iron as it contains higher levels of TiO2. In contrast, Masa iron sand which is known to produce steel (tamahagane) contains much less TiO2 and hence is not suitable to produce cast iron. These observations agree with historical descriptions stating that pre-modern tatara operators knew to add iron sand from a specific locality (which is rich in TiO2) to Masa-type iron sand to produce cast iron.

著者

雀部 実 飯田 佳未 横尾 友美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.2, pp.325-330, 2014 (Released:2014-01-31)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

7 7

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Iron ore containing higher concentration of phosphorus is reduced by hydrogen gas containing water vapor. 13% of removing yield of phosphorus is obtained. It is observed that removing rate of phosphorus can be expressed as apparent 1st order reaction equation. The reaction rate equation is divided into two parts. Rate constant of the former reaction is about 10 time larger than that of the latter equation. It is estimated on the basis of a previous research result that phosphorus removed from iron oxide is gaseous phosphorus and form of remained phosphorus is Fe2P.